何曉鴿
在四年高考10套試卷中,有7套語法填空考了名詞由單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),有8套短文改錯考了名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)??梢?,名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)是高考中的高頻考點,學(xué)會判斷名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的方法也就非常重要了。
其實,在高考試題中,判斷一個名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),就這么五條依據(jù)。
一、根據(jù)名詞本身的特性
如不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)形式。常見的不可數(shù)名詞有fun, advice, information, knowledge, work(工作),homework, housework, progress, luggage, baggage, time(時間),furniture, equipment, money等。如:
1.(2015年全國Ⅰ卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
解析:因air是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,故airs錯了,應(yīng)改為air。句中的謂語is getting是單數(shù),根據(jù)主謂一致原則,我們也可判斷主語應(yīng)是單數(shù)。
2.(2014年全國卷)He says if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me.
解析:因time作“時間”解是不可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)的,所以句中的times應(yīng)改為time。
二、根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語
如可數(shù)名詞前面有both, all, these, those, one and a half, ten, several, some, few, many, a couple of(幾個),a large number of, a lot of, lots of, each of, one of等時,一定是用復(fù)數(shù)。
3.(2017年全國Ⅲ卷)She has turned down several 67 (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
解析:由前面的several可知,要填其復(fù)數(shù)形式invitations。
4.(2017年全國Ⅰ卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (醫(yī)學(xué)界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
解析:根據(jù)前面的修飾語some可知,可數(shù)名詞effect應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)effects;另外,從such as所舉的例子overweight and heart disease (肥胖和心臟疾病)也可看出,不止一種副作用(side effects)。
5.(2016年全國Ⅰ卷) The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day)with his sister so that
解析:由空前的修飾語few可知,填day的復(fù)數(shù)形式days。
6.(2015年全國Ⅰ卷) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).
解析:根據(jù)空格前的修飾語many可知,要填其復(fù)數(shù)形式paintings。
7.(2014年全國Ⅰ卷) Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
解析:由修飾語all these可知,其后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故將year改為years。
三、根據(jù)主謂一致原則
8.(2016年全國Ⅱ卷)Recent 46 (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
解析:謂語動詞為show,根據(jù)主謂一致原則,空格處應(yīng)填study的復(fù)數(shù)形式studies。
9. (2014年全國Ⅰ卷)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
解析:在句中做主語或冠詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞,change除作動詞外也可作名詞;其后的謂語動詞是are,根據(jù)主謂一致原則,主語也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù),故填change的復(fù)數(shù)形式changes。
四、根據(jù)下文信息
10. (2017年全國Ⅰ卷)The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turn left!”
解析:根據(jù)后面的“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turn left!”這三句話可知,The instructor不斷重復(fù)的不是一句而是三句,故將word改為復(fù)數(shù)words。
11.(2015年全國Ⅱ卷)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.(省略3句)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents
were missing.(省略2句) Five minutes later, Tony saw his parents.
解析:Tony去購物中心,是跟他的父親或母親去的,還是同他的父母一起去?在遠隔數(shù)句后兩次出現(xiàn)了parents,可見,他是同父母一起去的,故將parent改為parents。
五、根據(jù)常識
12.(2017年全國Ⅱ卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
解析:根據(jù)常識,不同公路上,上下班的人群肯定不是一群人,而是一群一群的人,無數(shù)群的人,故填其復(fù)數(shù)形式crowds。
13.(2013年全國Ⅰ卷)He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
解析:根據(jù)常識,肩有左肩和右肩,因此shoulder通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青