朱華亮 周宗波
[摘要] 目的 分析補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲對(duì)老年四肢骨折術(shù)后炎性因子的影響。 方法 選取2015年1月~2017年1月上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬岳陽(yáng)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院??诜衷汉?谑兄嗅t(yī)醫(yī)院收治的96例老年四肢骨折患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)表法分為對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組,每組各48例。對(duì)照組術(shù)后予以常規(guī)治療,試驗(yàn)組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上加以補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲治療,均連續(xù)治療14 d;觀察患者臨床治療效果狀況、臨床表現(xiàn)緩解時(shí)間、不良反應(yīng)及骨折愈合時(shí)間以及白細(xì)胞介素-1(IL-1)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、胰島素生長(zhǎng)因子(IGF)、骨形態(tài)發(fā)生蛋白(BMP)、Ⅰ型前膠原羧基端肽(PICP)、骨堿性磷酸酶(ALP)水平。 結(jié)果 治療后試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組總有效率分別為93.75%和79.17%,兩組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。試驗(yàn)組臨床表現(xiàn)緩解時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。治療后兩組IL-1、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均低于治療前(P < 0.05),且試驗(yàn)組低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。治療后兩組IGF、BMP-2、PICP、ALP均高于治療前(P < 0.05),且試驗(yàn)組高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。兩組骨折愈合時(shí)間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。試驗(yàn)組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為2.08%,低于對(duì)照組(8.33%)(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲在老年四肢骨折術(shù)后的應(yīng)用效果肯定,能夠降低炎性因子水平,防治并發(fā)癥,促進(jìn)骨折愈合。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 老年四肢骨折;補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲;炎性因子;愈合時(shí)間
[中圖分類號(hào)] R274.9 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)03(c)-0126-04
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Wuwei Disinfection Decoction on the inflammatory factors in elderly patients with limb fractures. Methods From January 2015 to January 2017, 96 elderly patients with limb fractures admitted to Haikou Branch of Yueyang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were selected, and divided into control group and test group by random number table, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional therapy, and the test group was treated with Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Wuwei Disinfection Decoction on the basis of the control group, the two groups were treated continuously for 14 days. The clinical efficacy of the patients, the time of remission of clinical characterization, the adverse reaction and the time of fracture healing, and the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin growth factor (IGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), typeⅠprocollagen carboxyterminal peptide (PICP) and bone alkaline phosphates (ALP) were observed. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the test group and the control group was 93.75% and 79.17%, respectively, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). The time of remission of clinical characterization after treatment in the test group were all shorter than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-1, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α after treatment in two groups were lower than before treatment (P < 0.05), and the test group was lower than control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of IGF, BMP-2, PICP, ALP after treatment in two groups were higher than before treatment (P < 0.05), and the test group was higher than control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The time of fracture healing in two groups were compared, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction in the test group was 2.08%, lower than that in the control group (8.33%)(P < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction Shuwei flavored drink flavor disinfection drinks in the aged limbs fracture is affirmed, it can reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines, prevention and treatment of complications, and promote fracture healing.
[Key words] Elderly limb fractures; Buzhongyiqi soup with flavors disinfection; Inflammatory factors; Healing time
四肢骨折是骨科多發(fā)性疾病,局部腫脹、疼痛及畸形比較明顯[1]。外科手術(shù)存在一定創(chuàng)傷性,術(shù)后如未能及時(shí)糾正者,能夠?qū)е戮植垦┏霈F(xiàn)障礙,延緩骨折修復(fù)時(shí)間且引起其他并發(fā)癥[2]。同時(shí)老年患者身體功能狀態(tài)相對(duì)較差,會(huì)增加圍手術(shù)期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如何有效治療四肢骨折術(shù)后患者機(jī)體炎性反應(yīng)以成為臨床上棘手且備受關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。西醫(yī)常采用非甾體消炎藥及糖皮質(zhì)激素等降低患者術(shù)后機(jī)體炎性反應(yīng),效果不太理想且副作用較大,對(duì)老年患者不太合適。目前中醫(yī)療法已廣泛應(yīng)用于骨折治療[3]。本研究旨在探討補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲對(duì)老年四肢骨折術(shù)后炎性因子的影響,為臨床患者治療提供一些借鑒?,F(xiàn)將報(bào)道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年1月~2017年1月上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬岳陽(yáng)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院??诜衷汉?谑兄嗅t(yī)醫(yī)院收治的96例老年四肢骨折患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為對(duì)照組和試驗(yàn)組,每各48例。其中對(duì)照組女20例,男28例;年齡60~78歲,平均(70.42±5.10)歲;骨折部位:尺骨8例,肱骨7例,脛骨15例,股骨18例。試驗(yàn)組女22例,男26例;年齡60~79歲,平均(71.35±6.09)歲;骨折部位:尺骨6例,肱骨8例,脛骨13例,股骨21例。兩組患者年齡、性別等一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),且患者及患者家屬均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①肢體伴疼痛、畸形、骨擦音和功能障礙,并經(jīng)X線檢查明確診斷為四肢骨折;②年齡在60歲以上。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①開(kāi)放性或者多發(fā)性骨折;②大血管及神經(jīng)明顯受損;③心、肝腎等器官明顯病變;④中重度骨質(zhì)疏松;⑤既往有骨折史;⑥凝血功能異常;⑦對(duì)本試驗(yàn)藥物過(guò)敏或過(guò)敏體質(zhì)者。
1.3 方法
兩組患者均參照不同骨折部位進(jìn)行切開(kāi)復(fù)位內(nèi)固定術(shù),對(duì)照組術(shù)后進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)痛、抗感染、營(yíng)養(yǎng)骨骼、肢體功能鍛煉、換藥等常規(guī)治療。試驗(yàn)組基于對(duì)照組加以補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲治療,方劑組成:黃芪30 g、白術(shù)30 g、黨參20 g、升麻5 g、柴胡5 g、赤芍9 g、川芎20 g、牛膝9 g、紫花地丁9 g、天葵子12 g、蒲公英12 g、野菊花9 g、金銀花9 g,疼痛明顯者加以延胡索、枳殼、沒(méi)藥、乳香,腫脹明顯者加以白芷、防己、茯苓、車前子、澤蘭,每日1劑,取1000 mL清水煎至400 mL,早晚各溫服200 mL,兩組均持續(xù)治療14 d。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
①于術(shù)后3個(gè)月時(shí)評(píng)估臨床療效。顯效:全部消失,骨折預(yù)后情況良好,未見(jiàn)機(jī)械愈合;有效:患肢偶爾可見(jiàn)疼痛,骨折愈合時(shí)間有所延長(zhǎng),但愈合情況較好;無(wú)效:患肢遺留腫脹、疼痛感,骨折愈合時(shí)間相對(duì)長(zhǎng),且可見(jiàn)畸形愈合,總有效率=(顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%[4]。②觀察患者臨床表征緩解時(shí)間、不良反應(yīng)及骨折愈合時(shí)間。③于治療前后抽取患者5 mL空腹靜脈血,以3000 r/min常規(guī)分離10 min后,予以-80℃低溫箱中保存待檢,采用酶聯(lián)免疫法測(cè)定白細(xì)胞介素-1(IL-1)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)以及胰島素生長(zhǎng)因子(IGF)、骨形態(tài)發(fā)生蛋白(BMP)、Ⅰ型前膠原羧基端肽(PICP)、骨堿性磷酸酶(ALP)水平。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組臨床療效比較
試驗(yàn)組總有效率高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組患者臨床表現(xiàn)緩解時(shí)間比較
試驗(yàn)組臨床表現(xiàn)緩解時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組治療前后炎性因子比較
治療前兩組患者炎性因子比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);治療后,兩組IL-1、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均低于治療前(P < 0.05),且試驗(yàn)組低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 兩組治療前后骨折愈合指標(biāo)比較
治療前兩組患者骨折愈合指標(biāo)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);治療后,兩組IGF、BMP-2、PICP、ALP均高于治療前(P < 0.05),且試驗(yàn)組高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
2.5 兩組不良反應(yīng)及骨折愈合時(shí)間比較
對(duì)照組3例褥瘡、1例感染,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為8.33%,試驗(yàn)組僅1例患者出現(xiàn)褥瘡,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為2.08%;試驗(yàn)組骨折愈合時(shí)間(13.08±1.86)周,低于對(duì)照組(16.52±2.35)周,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率及骨折愈合時(shí)間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。
3 討論
四肢開(kāi)放性骨折為骨折的常見(jiàn)類型,老年患者多伴程度不一的骨質(zhì)疏松及骨質(zhì)的退行性變化,導(dǎo)致張力及壓力骨小梁減少,因此容易于外力作用下發(fā)生骨折[5]。常規(guī)保守治療患者需長(zhǎng)時(shí)間臥床,容易增加肺炎、壓瘡等并發(fā)癥[6]。切開(kāi)復(fù)位內(nèi)固定是西醫(yī)治療四肢骨折的主要方式,良好的固定可予以骨折斷段良好的支撐[7]。但骨折能誘導(dǎo)機(jī)體出現(xiàn)多種病理變化,現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)指出,骨折術(shù)后盡早輔助藥物治療,能夠促進(jìn)局部血液循環(huán),避免受損組織的粘連或者萎縮[8]。
祖國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為骨折可使筋骨受損,肢體損于外,引氣血內(nèi)傷,營(yíng)衛(wèi)不貫,臟腑失和,加之老年患者素體機(jī)體衰退,脾胃虛弱,氣血虧虛,加重機(jī)體瘀滯,難以濡養(yǎng)骨折斷段,臨床應(yīng)以活血、行氣、化瘀為原則[9-10]。補(bǔ)中益氣湯為補(bǔ)氣的代表方劑,可起到升陽(yáng)舉陷、補(bǔ)中益氣之功效,方中黃芪可益氣升陽(yáng),當(dāng)歸可補(bǔ)血生氣,白術(shù)、黨參可健脾補(bǔ)氣,配升麻、柴胡可升陽(yáng)舉陷,佐以赤芍、川芎可祛瘀止痛、活血通絡(luò),牛膝可引藥下行,直達(dá)病所[11]。同時(shí)中醫(yī)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),骨折術(shù)后易引紅腫熱痛,氣滯血瘀,久之可蘊(yùn)毒成膿,應(yīng)輔以利濕消腫、活血通絡(luò)、清熱解毒法,五味消毒飲中紫花地丁、天葵子、蒲公英、野菊花、金銀花可消腫散結(jié)、清熱解毒,祛三焦、氣分及血分之火[12]。補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲二者一補(bǔ)一瀉,祛邪既不傷正[13]。本研究結(jié)果提示,試驗(yàn)組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05),說(shuō)明其可促進(jìn)骨折術(shù)后恢復(fù)。四肢骨折手術(shù)能夠引起毛細(xì)血管通透性改變,引起明顯腫脹[14]。同時(shí)因骨折疼痛明顯,影響患者術(shù)后的功能鍛煉,使患肢腫脹程度加重[15]。本研究結(jié)果提示,試驗(yàn)組腫脹、疼痛及瘀斑緩解時(shí)間均明顯少于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05),提示其可有效緩解患者臨床表現(xiàn),減輕痛苦,為術(shù)后恢復(fù)創(chuàng)造有利條件。
骨折及手術(shù)等創(chuàng)傷可刺激機(jī)體產(chǎn)生程度強(qiáng)烈的應(yīng)激反應(yīng),從而出現(xiàn)過(guò)度的炎性反應(yīng),IL-1作為一種促炎因子,其過(guò)度產(chǎn)生時(shí)能夠使機(jī)體出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱,并形成惡病質(zhì)[16]。IL-6是機(jī)體炎性反應(yīng)及防御機(jī)制的關(guān)鍵介質(zhì),能夠介導(dǎo)趨化因子和黏附因子的表達(dá)。CRP是一種由肝臟合成并分泌的時(shí)相蛋白,機(jī)體出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)傷、炎癥時(shí)大幅度上升,是反映機(jī)體創(chuàng)傷程度的敏感指標(biāo)[17]。TNF-α濃度較大時(shí)能夠?qū)е聶C(jī)體免疫失衡,并誘導(dǎo)其他炎性因子的生成,導(dǎo)致病理?yè)p傷。本研究結(jié)果提示,試驗(yàn)組治療后IL-1、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均明顯較對(duì)對(duì)照組降低(P < 0.05),說(shuō)明其可使機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng)減輕,抑制炎性反應(yīng),促進(jìn)炎癥的吸收,保護(hù)組織及器官,利于患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)。相關(guān)研究報(bào)道,骨折部位的力學(xué)狀態(tài)、骨膜、血供等因素可對(duì)骨折恢復(fù)產(chǎn)生影響,其中IGF、BMP-2、PICP、ALP等骨生長(zhǎng)因子可起到主要作用[18]。本研究結(jié)果提示,兩組治療后IGF、BMP-2、PICP、ALP水平均較治療前上升(P < 0.05),且試驗(yàn)組上升較對(duì)照組明顯(P < 0.05),說(shuō)明其可調(diào)節(jié)骨生長(zhǎng)因子的分泌,參與骨折愈合,且本研究結(jié)果提示試驗(yàn)組骨折愈合時(shí)間少于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05),進(jìn)一步證實(shí)其可促進(jìn)骨折愈合,考慮與其能夠有效緩解血腫,從而維持?jǐn)喽说牧己醚铱梢种蒲仔砸蜃拥姆置谟嘘P(guān)[19-20]。此外分析兩組并發(fā)癥可見(jiàn),試驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率更低,說(shuō)明其可防治術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,進(jìn)一步利于骨折恢復(fù)。
綜上所述,補(bǔ)中益氣湯合五味消毒飲在老年四肢骨折術(shù)后的應(yīng)用效果肯定,能夠降低炎性因子水平,防治并發(fā)癥,促進(jìn)骨折愈合。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-08 本文編輯:萬(wàn) 平)