馬姣麗,金 烈,程輝成
(廣東石油化工學(xué)院 化學(xué)工程學(xué)院,廣東 茂名 525000)
Suzuki-Miyaura 偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)是合成聯(lián)芳烴化合物的重要方法之一,在天然產(chǎn)物合成、藥物中間體化學(xué)及液晶材料等領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮著重要作用[1-4]。鈀催化苯硼酸與鹵代芳烴的Suzuki偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)是合成聯(lián)芳烴化合物的重要方法,一直是有機(jī)合成化學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)之一[5]。 鹵代芳烴是一種十分常見的偶聯(lián)組分,通過過渡金屬催化反應(yīng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)常見的C-C、C-N及C-O等化學(xué)鍵的轉(zhuǎn)化[6-10]。
2-碘代聯(lián)芳烴化合物是一種重要的有機(jī)合成中間體,可以發(fā)生反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為環(huán)狀二芳基碘鹽、咔唑及聯(lián)亞苯芳烴等一系列有用的化合物,這些物質(zhì)在化工、醫(yī)藥及材料等領(lǐng)域有廣泛的用途[11-13]。我們成功開發(fā)了鈀催化芳基硼酸與2-碘苯胺發(fā)生Suzuki偶聯(lián)反應(yīng),生成的2-氨基聯(lián)苯不用分離直接發(fā)生重氮化反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為2-碘聯(lián)芳烴化合物。該方法無需磷配體的參與,催化劑的用量低至0.2%,合成產(chǎn)率進(jìn)一步提高,操作更加簡單易行。
熔點(diǎn)采用RD-II型顯微熔點(diǎn)儀測定;核磁共振譜用Agilent400-MR型核磁共振儀(美國Agilent公司)測定,氘代氯仿作溶劑,TMS作內(nèi)標(biāo);質(zhì)譜用Agilent1100型氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀(美國Agilent 公司) (GC/MSD VL ESI)測定;紫外-可見吸收光譜用WFH-204B型手提式紫外分析儀測定;TLC用板為GF254(青島海洋化工有限公司)高效薄層層析硅膠板。催化劑醋酸鈀購買于J & K Scientific Ltd,實(shí)驗(yàn)所用其他試劑均購買于普通試劑公司。
圖1 2-碘聯(lián)芳烴的合成路線
Fig.1 Synthesis route of 2-iodine biaryl compounds
在250 mL三口瓶中加入2-碘苯胺攪拌溶液(10 mmol)、芳基硼酸(13 mmol)、碳酸鉀(25 mmol)和Pd(OAc)2(0.05 mmol, 0.5 mol %),置換為氮?dú)?,然后加入丙酮和水的混合溶?0 mL(V∶V=1∶1)。在氬氣氛圍下回流反應(yīng),用TLC監(jiān)測反應(yīng)進(jìn)程。反應(yīng)完畢后,旋出溶劑進(jìn)行回收。在上述粗產(chǎn)物2-氨基聯(lián)芳烴的三口瓶中,加入100 mL H2O的混合溶劑、5 mL濃鹽酸冷卻至0℃,緩慢滴加NaNO2(15 mmol)的水溶液20mL,冰水浴繼續(xù)攪拌反應(yīng),30min后緩慢滴加KI(15 mmol)的水溶劑10 mL,30min后滴加完畢,繼續(xù)反應(yīng)60min,恢復(fù)室溫反應(yīng)過夜。乙酸乙酯萃取(3×60 mL),無水MgSO4干燥,蒸出溶劑,進(jìn)行柱層析純化得目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物2-碘聯(lián)芳烴,具體反應(yīng)過程見圖1。
表1 2-碘聯(lián)芳烴的合成
鄰氨基碘苯可以與苯硼酸發(fā)生偶聯(lián),通過重氮化反應(yīng)得到2-碘聯(lián)芳烴化合物,產(chǎn)率為94% (Entry 1a);當(dāng)苯硼酸的4位連有甲基、甲氧基時,能得到較高的產(chǎn)率,分別為94%和81%(Entry 1b-1c)。但當(dāng)苯硼酸的4位連有吸電子基團(tuán)時,產(chǎn)率稍微下降,如氯、三氟甲基、乙?;孜锂a(chǎn)率只有80%和62%(Entry 1d-1f)。但選用2-甲基苯硼酸作為底物時,產(chǎn)率只有71%(Entry 1g),這可能與甲基的位阻效應(yīng)有關(guān)。當(dāng)3-甲基苯硼酸進(jìn)行反應(yīng)時,產(chǎn)率為89%(Entry 1h);此外,3-甲基苯硼酸及二取代的苯硼酸底物均可以順利反應(yīng)(Entry 1h-1i);此外,我們也嘗試了4-甲基苯硼酸與取代的鄰氨基碘苯進(jìn)行反應(yīng),也能得到不錯的產(chǎn)率(Entry 1j-1k)。從上述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以看出,鄰氨基碘苯與一系列取代的苯硼酸可以發(fā)生偶聯(lián),通過重氮化反應(yīng)一鍋法制備2-碘聯(lián)芳烴化合物。
無色油狀物,產(chǎn)率94%。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.99 (dd, J = 7.9,1.0 Hz,1H),7.49~7.39 (m,4H),7.39~7.31 (m,3H),7.06 (ddd,J = 7.9,7.4,1.8 Hz,1H);13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 146.58,144.15,139.44,130.04,129.23,128.74,128.07,127.91,127.60,98.60;GC-MS:280。
白色固體,產(chǎn)率90%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.97 (d, J= 7.9 Hz,1H),7.39 (dd,J= 7.5,0.9Hz,1H),7.31 (dd,J= 7.6,1.6 Hz,1H),7.26 (s,4H),7.03 (td,J= 7.8,1.7 Hz,1H),2.44 (s,3H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 146.59,141.35,139.45,137.37,130.13,129.11,128.63,128.58,128.08,98.80,21.28;GC-MS:294。
白色固體,產(chǎn)率81%。熔點(diǎn):48℃。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.95 (dd,J = 7.9,1.0 Hz,1H),7.38 (td,J = 7.5,1.1 Hz,1H),7.33~7.25 (m,3H),7.01 (td,J = 7.8,1.8 Hz,1H),6.98~6.94 (m,2H),3.87 (s,3H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 159.06,146.24,139.46,136.73,130.41,130.18,128.49,128.09,113.27,99.17,55.26. GC-MS:310。
無色油狀物,產(chǎn)率84%。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.96 (dd,J= 7.9,0.9 Hz,1H),7.50~7.37 (m,3H),7.37~7.25 (m,3H),7.05 (td,J= 7.8,1.7 Hz,1H);13C NMR (101MHz,CDCl3) δ 145.34,142.47,139.61,133.72,130.67,130.00,129.11,128.22,98.48,98.36;GC-MS:314。
無色油狀物,產(chǎn)率80%。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.98 (dd,J = 7.9,0.7 Hz,1H),7.70 (d,J = 8.1 Hz,2H),7.47 (d,J = 8.0 Hz,2H),7.42 (td,J = 7.5,0.9 Hz,1H),7.29 (dd,J = 7.6,1.6 Hz,1H),7.08 (td,J = 7.7,1.6 Hz,1H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 147.48 (q,JC-F = 1.0 Hz),145.18,139.67,129.90,129.76 (q,JC-F = 32.5 Hz),129.70,129.39,128.27,124.97 (q,JC-F= 3.7 Hz),124.16 (q,JC-F = 272.1 Hz),97.80;GC-MS:294。
淺黃色油狀物,產(chǎn)率62%,熔點(diǎn):103 ℃。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 8.03 (d,J = 8.4 Hz,2H),7.97 (dd,J = 8.0,0.9 Hz,1H),7.49~7.37 (m,3H),7.29 (dd,J = 7.6,1.6 Hz,1H),7.07 (td,J = 7.8,1.7 Hz,1H),2.66 (s,3H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 197.70,148.71,145.49,139.66,136.19,129.83,129.61,129.33,128.24,128.08,97.72,26.69;GC-MS:322。
白色固體,產(chǎn)率71%,熔點(diǎn): 39 ℃。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.94 (dd,J= 8.0,1.0 Hz,1H),7.40 (td,J= 7.5,1.2 Hz,1H),7.32 (td,J= 7.4,1.4Hz,1H),7.30~7.25(m,2H),7.22 (dd,J= 7.6,1.7 Hz,1H),7.10~7.02(m,2H),2.08 (s,3H);13C NMR (75 MHz,CDCl3) δ 20.1,100.1,125.6,128.0,128.1,128.7,129.2,129.7,129.9,135.7,138.9,144.4,146.8;GC-MS:294。
淺黃色油狀物,產(chǎn)率89%。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.99 (d,J = 7.9 Hz,1H),7.41 (t,J = 7.4 Hz,1H),7.36 (dd,J =11.6,6.9 Hz,2H),7.25 (d,J = 7.4 Hz,1H),7.20 (s,2H),7.06 (td,J = 7.8,1.1 Hz,1H),2.46 (s,3H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 146.71,144.10,139.41,137.52,130.01,129.91,128.64,128.30,128.02,127.77,126.32,98.62,21.46;GC-MS:294。
淺黃色油狀物,產(chǎn)率 72%。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.98 (d,J = 7.9 Hz,1H),7.40 (t,J = 7.4 Hz,1H),7.33 (d,J = 7.6 Hz,1H),7.23 (d,J = 7.6 Hz,1H),7.16~7.13 (m,2H),7.04 (t,J = 7.6 Hz,1H),2.36 (d,J = 2.1 Hz,6H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 146.56,141.68,139.34,136.00,135.86,130.33,130.05,129.10,128.43,127.97,126.58,98.77,19.78,19.56;GC-MS:308。
白色固體,產(chǎn)率73%,熔點(diǎn): 59 ℃。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ 7.96 (d,J = 1.6 Hz,1H),7.41~7.32 (m,1H),7.30~7.17 (m,5H),2.44 (s,3H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3) δ 145.12,140.19,138.64,137.73,133.34,130.50,129.00,128.74,128.25,98.67,21.28;GC-MS:328。
白色固體,產(chǎn)率 83%,熔點(diǎn)73 ℃。1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.89 (d,J= 8.1 Hz,1H),7.38~7.27 (m,4H),7.21 (d,J= 1.8 Hz,1H),6.92 (dd,J= 8.1,1.7 Hz,1H),2.50 (s,3H),2.40 (s,3H);13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3)δ 146.31,141.36,139.18,138.06,137.25,131.10,129.59,129.08,128.59,94.62,21.28,20.87;GC-MS:308。
我們通過鈀催化芳基硼酸底物與鄰碘苯胺進(jìn)行偶聯(lián)反應(yīng),偶聯(lián)產(chǎn)物不用分離直接進(jìn)行重氮化反應(yīng)一鍋法實(shí)現(xiàn)一系列2-碘聯(lián)芳烴化合物的合成。該方法以水和丙酮為溶劑,催化劑的用量低至0.2%,綠色環(huán)保,操作簡單,這為我們進(jìn)行2-碘聯(lián)芳烴化合物的后續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)化研究提供了堅實(shí)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。
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