張光林 陳少華
[摘要] 目的 探討大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療新生兒肺炎的療效效。方法 方便收集該院90例2017年4月—2018年1月新生兒肺炎患兒,簡單隨機(jī)化方法分對(duì)照組44例和觀察組46例,對(duì)照組予以常規(guī)治療藥物治療,觀察組則予以常規(guī)治療藥物聯(lián)合大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療。比較兩組療效、臨床治療總時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、血清指標(biāo)正常時(shí)間、肺啰音消失時(shí)間;治療前后患兒外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度、不良反應(yīng)。結(jié)果 觀察組療效44例(95.65%)高于對(duì)照組32例(72.73%)(χ2=8.998,P<0.05);觀察組臨床治療總時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、血清指標(biāo)正常時(shí)間、肺啰音消失時(shí)間(9.11±1.20)、(2.13±0.11)、(6.11±1.42)、(7.13±0.21)d優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(t=8.292、9.121、8.291、9.521,P<0.05;治療后觀察組CRP、IL-6、IL-8、血氧飽和度分別是(2.13±0.21)mg/L、(61.55±2.16)pg/mL、(160.01±6.18)pg/mL、(97.56±2.21)%,優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(t=12.211、8.011、7.011、7.032,P<0.05)。觀察組不良反應(yīng)3例(6.52%)和對(duì)照組4例(9.09%)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.207,P>0.05)。結(jié)論 常規(guī)治療藥物聯(lián)合大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療新生兒肺炎的療效確切,可更好改善外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 大劑量鹽酸氨溴索;新生兒肺炎;療效
[中圖分類號(hào)] R72 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2018)12(c)-0120-03
[Abstract] Objective To study the curative effect of large-dose ambroxol hydrochloride in treatment of pneumonia of newborns. Methods The newborns with pneumonia admitted and treated in our hospital from April 2017 to January 2018 were convenient collected, and randomly divided into 44 cases in the control group and 46 cases in the observation group, while the control group used the routine drugs, while the observation group used the routine drugs combined with large-dose ambroxol hydrochloride, and the curative effects such as total clinical treatment time, defervescence time, normal time of serum indexes, lung rale disappearance time, peripheral serum inflammatory markers, Blood oxygen saturation, adverse reactions before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The curative effect in the observation group was higher than that in the control group[44 cases(95.65%) ?vs 32 cases(72.73)%](χ2=8.998, P< 0.05), and the total clinical treatment time, defervescence time, normal time of serum indexes, and lung rale disappearance time in the observation group were respectively (9.11±1.20)d, (2.13±0.11)d, (6.11±1.42)d, (7.13±0.21)d, which were better than those in the control group(t=8.292, 9.121, 8.291, 9.521, P< 0.05); after treatment, the CRP, IL-6, IL-8, degree of blood oxygen saturation in the observation group were respectively(2.13±0.21)mg/L,(61.55±2.16)pg/mL,(160.01±6.18)pg/mL,(97.56±2.21)%, which were better than those in the control group(t=12.211,8.011,7.011, 7.032, P< 0.05), and the difference in the adverse reaction between the observation group and the control group was not obvious[3 cases(6.52%) vs 4 cases(9.09%)](χ2=0.207,P>0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of routine therapy combined with large-dose ambroxol hydrochloride is definite, which can better improve the peripheral serum inflammatory markers and blood oxygen saturation, and it is worth promotion and application.
[Key words] Large-dose ambroxol hydrochloride; Pneumonia of newborns; Curative effect
新生兒肺炎是一種常見的新生兒疾病,別是在低出生體重和早產(chǎn)兒等高危新生兒中發(fā)生率高,由于新生兒免疫力低下,生理和解剖結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)脆弱。很容易引起肺部感染的發(fā)生,這對(duì)新生兒的安全性構(gòu)成了更大的威脅,其是指出生后28 d內(nèi)從出生到出生的各種原因引起的肺部炎癥。新生兒的主要表現(xiàn)是咳嗽,喘息,肺發(fā)聲和紫紺。肺炎是新生兒中最常見的疾病之一。由于新生兒抵抗力低,免疫系統(tǒng)弱,很容易引起肺部感染,不及時(shí)治療不僅會(huì)影響患兒的生長發(fā)育,還會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥,如心力衰竭,呼吸衰竭和敗血癥[1-3]。該研究方便收集該院90例2017年4月—2018年1月新生兒肺炎患兒。簡單隨機(jī)化方法分對(duì)照組44例和觀察組46例,分析了大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療新生兒肺炎的療效,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料與方法
1.1 ?一般資料
方便收集該院90例新生兒肺炎患兒。簡單隨機(jī)化方法分對(duì)照組44例和觀察組46例,觀察組日齡最小2 d,最大 31 d,平均日齡 (15.02±3.52)d,最輕 3.3 kg,最重4.0 kg,平均(3.62±0.13)kg。男女是22、24例。對(duì)照組日齡最小2 d,最大 31 d,平均日齡 (15.12±3.11)d,最輕 3.3 kg,最重4.2 kg,平均(3.43±0.11)kg。男女是22、22例。兩組一般資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。該研究所選病例經(jīng)過倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者或家屬知情同意。
1.2 ?方法
對(duì)照組予以常規(guī)治療藥物治療,使用抗生素抗感染,并給予糾正酸堿紊亂,吸氧以及補(bǔ)液治療。觀察組則予以常規(guī)治療藥物聯(lián)合大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療。在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上,單次鹽酸氨溴索劑量為15 mg,加入葡萄糖溶液進(jìn)行溶解,靜脈推注治療,治療2~3次/d,治療1周。
1.3 ?觀察指標(biāo)
比較兩組療效;臨床治療總時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、血清指標(biāo)正常時(shí)間、肺啰音消失時(shí)間;治療前后患兒外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度;不良反應(yīng)。顯效:癥狀消失,外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度指標(biāo)正常;改善:癥狀和外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度改善程度達(dá)到50%;無效:疾病改善不明顯,外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度改善低于50%。療效=顯效、改善百分率之和[4]。
1.4 ?統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
使用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件中χ2檢驗(yàn)和t檢驗(yàn)處理計(jì)數(shù)資料[n(%)]和計(jì)量資料(x±s), P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 ?兩組療效比對(duì)
觀察組療效44例(95.65%)高于對(duì)照組32例(72.73%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=8.998,P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 ?治療前后外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度比對(duì)
治療前兩組外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度并差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組CRP、IL-6、IL-8 、血氧飽和度分別是(2.13±0.21)pg/L、(61.55±2.16)pg/mL、(160.01±6.18)pg/mL、(97.56±2.21)%,優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=12.211,8.011,7.011和7.032,P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 ?兩組臨床治療總時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、血清指標(biāo)正常時(shí)間、肺啰音消失時(shí)間比對(duì)
觀察組臨床治療總時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、血清指標(biāo)正常時(shí)間、肺啰音消失時(shí)間(9.11±1.20)、(2.13±0.11)、(6.11±1.42)、(7.13±0.21)d優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=8.292、9.121、8.291、9.521,P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 ?兩組不良反應(yīng)比對(duì)
觀察組不良反應(yīng)3例(6.52%)和對(duì)照組4例(9.09%)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.207,P>0.05),見表4。
3 ?討論
臨床實(shí)踐表明,新生兒肺炎和病原體感染有關(guān),主要病原體包括細(xì)菌,支原體,病毒等,并且在分娩時(shí)和分娩后存在子宮腔感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[5-6]。由于新生兒身體脆弱,肺功能不完善,呼吸結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)脆弱,大大增加了新生兒肺炎的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。新生兒氣管狹窄,平滑肌變薄,分泌不良,纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)差,肺泡少,咳嗽能力不強(qiáng),難以排出呼吸道分泌物,容易導(dǎo)致粘液積聚引起梗阻,導(dǎo)致病原體感染,引起肺炎[7-11]。當(dāng)新生兒肺炎發(fā)生時(shí),呼吸道粘膜可能因水腫、充血、痰阻塞等引起呼吸困難,甚至窒息;新生兒肺泡表面活性物質(zhì)較少可能導(dǎo)致肺不張和肺部改變。氣體功能有嚴(yán)重影響。鹽酸氨溴索可抑制酸性粘多糖的合成,從而減少粘性痰液,達(dá)到祛痰化瘀的目的。然而,由于新生兒支氣管發(fā)育不完善,鹽酸氨溴索的劑量太小并且通常效果差。采用高劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療療效顯著,癥狀改善時(shí)間較短,不良反應(yīng)未顯著增加[12-14]。
該研究中,對(duì)照組予以常規(guī)治療藥物治療,觀察組則予以常規(guī)治療藥物聯(lián)合大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療。結(jié)果顯示,觀察組療效44例(95.65%)高于對(duì)照組32例(72.73%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=8.998,P<0.05);觀察組臨床治療總時(shí)間、退熱時(shí)間、血清指標(biāo)正常時(shí)間、肺啰音消失時(shí)間(9.11±1.20)、(2.13±0.11)、(6.11±1.42)、(7.13±0.21)d優(yōu)于對(duì)照組;治療后觀察組CRP、IL-6、IL-8、血氧飽和分別是(2.13±0.21)ng、61.55±2.16)pg/mL、(160.01±6.18)pg/mL、(97.56±2.21)%,優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=12.211,8.011,7.011和7.032,P<0.05)。觀察組不良反應(yīng)3例(6.52%)和對(duì)照組4例(9.09%),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.207,P>0.05)。張榮華[15]的研究顯示,觀察大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療新生兒肺炎的效果96%,高于常規(guī)治療80%,和我們研究相似。
綜上所述,常規(guī)治療藥物聯(lián)合大劑量鹽酸氨溴索治療新生兒肺炎的療效確切,可更好改善外周血清炎癥指標(biāo)、血氧飽和度,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2018-09-21)