国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

樓外樓,有時更像個文化沙龍

2018-08-06 05:25楊曉政
文化交流 2018年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:芥川西湖

楊曉政

西湖醋魚、龍井蝦仁、羅漢大蝦、東坡燜肉、一品豆腐、栗子炒雞這些養(yǎng)眼又美味的菜品,在今年初夏CCTV-1黃金檔熱播的電視劇《樓外樓》中頻頻出現(xiàn)。

拍大戲上央視播放,杭州西湖邊的這家樓外樓,投了多少廣告費(fèi)?除了配合提供場地、廚師、美食之外,樓外樓并沒有支付1分錢。那么,樓外樓上央視,是不是“你若盛開,蝴蝶自來”?

看劇吃菜,讓我們看看《樓外樓》的熱鬧,摸摸樓外樓的門道。

文創(chuàng)立身:170年前就開始為美食添故事

5月14日,央視綜合頻道黃金檔開播大氣磅礴的史詩大劇《樓外樓》,當(dāng)晚就獲得同時段收視第一,并在播出第二晚登上了央視《新聞聯(lián)播》,在厚重的商戰(zhàn)大劇稀缺的當(dāng)下,很快引起觀眾的注意。

電視劇《樓外樓》以歷史變遷為主線,講述了上世紀(jì)20年代初至中華人民共和國成立的歲月中,樓外樓當(dāng)家人洪家兄弟在亂世中誠信經(jīng)營、跌宕商戰(zhàn)、鐵血抗日等故事。

“小事不拘”,電視劇中的愛情戲等故事情節(jié),大多屬于虛構(gòu);不過,樓外樓店主最早姓“洪”,電視劇主人公洪家寶獨(dú)辟蹊徑,幾乎將每一道菜肴都與歷史名人聯(lián)系上了,例如宋高宗西湖上欽點(diǎn)的“宋嫂魚羹”、乾隆下江南品嘗的“魚頭豆腐”、由岳飛引出的“油炸檜”、由王羲之引出的“掌上明珠”、由袁枚引出的“八寶豆腐”……這些卻都是真的。

事實(shí)上,樓外樓菜館最早的店主是洪瑞堂,他從魚米之鄉(xiāng)的紹興鑒湖遷到杭州西湖邊,以劃船捕魚謀生。

清道光二十八年(1848年),他在孤山廣化寺旁開了家飲食小店,捕撈西湖里的魚蝦,烹調(diào)小菜,給游覽西湖的客人提供餐食。

洪瑞堂是晚清的落第秀才,有一定的文化素養(yǎng),了解杭州曾是南宋都城,于是他就借流傳在民間的史話、傳說,推出了宋嫂魚羹、醋溜魚等仿宋口味的菜肴。比如,有一道菜叫莼菜鱸魚湯,典故是莼鱸之思:一位官員在洛陽見到秋風(fēng)吹起,于是思念起家鄉(xiāng)的菰菜羹和鱸魚膾,便辭官回家。

在樓外樓,幾乎每一道菜都有這樣的典故。

于是,從1848年開始,食客用餐時,除了傾心于菜的美味,也迷醉于每道美食的文化內(nèi)涵——感覺每一口吃的都不僅僅是菜,吃的還是《隨園食單》里飄來的素雅書香,是宰相家后廚才有的膾不厭細(xì)的高貴。

以文興樓:留墨免單終成“名人收割機(jī)”

電視劇第15集,李叔同的日本妻子雪子遠(yuǎn)渡重洋而來:“我只是為了見你一面,并沒想讓你重返紅塵。我是你的妻子,你出家了,我總該有個了解。”弘一法師答:“曾經(jīng)的那個叔同已經(jīng)超然度外了,所以不可能再回到紅塵,這齋飯你們用吧?!边@時,秦海璐飾演的女主端上了一清二白(豆腐燒蔥)、破鏡重圓(南瓜餅)等菜肴。

……

電視劇第23集,魯迅一邊品嘗西湖醋魚一邊講:“一個姓蔣的介石很討厭我,一個的姓鄭的介石在樓外樓請我吃飯。”

……

劇中,好多民國名人都被串連在樓外樓和洪家人的命運(yùn)故事中。而每每播放到名人來樓外樓吃飯的橋段,總有小年輕要問:“啊,樓外樓真的有那么多名人去過嗎?”

這個是真的。

這里有一張拍攝于1921年5月3日的老照片,是至今發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早一張有樓外樓形象的照片。當(dāng)時,芥川龍之介被日本大阪每日新聞社稱為“現(xiàn)代文壇第一人”,報社方面以在該報連載紀(jì)行文字為條件,不惜花重金派遣芥川訪華達(dá)4個月之久。照片為芥川的同事、當(dāng)時駐上海的記者田村孜郎所拍。

照片上能清楚地看到樓外樓店門口挑起的酒幡,上面寫著“樓外樓菜館”五個大字。樓外樓的店招及堂口懸掛著的汽油燈清晰可見。照片右方,一塊“樓外樓”匾額豎懸在店門處。

圖上更遠(yuǎn)處,緊貼著樓外樓的白墻黑瓦,正是廣化寺的圍墻。當(dāng)時的樓外樓在今天樓外樓的西面,位于廣化寺和西泠印社之間。

在店口一側(cè)沿著二層樓的樓頂,用竹木搭建起高大的頂棚,頂棚下增設(shè)了餐桌,時年29歲的芥川龍之介,便臨湖坐在了中間的一張桌前。

芥川龍之介的西湖之行,1922年元旦起連載于《大阪每日新聞》的《江南游記》中,共6個章節(jié),其中整整一章便是在樓外樓享用午餐時的情形——

……那里的槐樹與梧桐的樹蔭下,有家打著“樓外樓”旗幟的餐館……我們也在船老大的推薦下,在這家店前的槐樹下吃了頓中式午餐……我們的桌子,擺放在枝葉繁茂的槐樹下。腳下不遠(yuǎn)處便是波光粼粼的西湖。湖水不停地蕩漾著,在岸邊的石縫中蕩出輕柔的聲響……在這一瞬間,我徹底忘記了紅磚洋樓,忘記了美國佬,在眼前平和的景色中找到了小說般的感覺……

樓外樓不僅僅是“舌尖上的杭州”那么簡單,從文化象征的角度來說,樓外樓更像是一個文化沙龍。當(dāng)年,樓外樓交友的方式是,以菜相交,留墨免單。比如西泠印社的吳昌碩先生在此舉辦過畫展;章太炎、梅蘭芳、馬寅初、李叔同、豐子愷、魯迅、郁達(dá)夫、徐志摩、梅蘭芳、蓋叫天、潘天壽、黃賓虹等一干文化名人,也先后到此品菜言歡、題詩作畫。

劇中,這些歷史名人一一登場;真實(shí)的樓外樓,最終成了“名人收割機(jī)”。難怪中國文藝評論家協(xié)會名譽(yù)主席、著名文藝評論家李準(zhǔn)說,一部《樓外樓》,半部文壇史。

工匠精神:清水頂湯必須用宣紙吸油

開業(yè)170年,從民國開始到今日,持續(xù)爆紅,游客市民需要排隊用餐……光靠講故事、名人捧場,還不夠哦。

為了寫好故事,編劇周振天帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊多次到樓外樓采風(fēng),讓他感觸最深的是老一輩樓外樓廚師們的工匠精神:“與傳承人聊天,我才發(fā)現(xiàn)樓外樓能夠傳承百年是有原因的。無論是一條魚還是一塊肉,他們都高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)要求,保留初心,把美味帶給大家?!?/p>

“打仗靠槍,師傅靠湯,樓外樓除了高湯還有頂湯。”周振天說,“我們以為高湯是白的,不夠白還要加點(diǎn)牛奶,而樓外樓的頂湯是清如淡水的,小火熬制完成后還會用上好的宣紙把上面的油吸走。這就是文化,是屬于中華民族烹飪文化的工匠精神?!?/p>

“就拿我們知道的西湖醋魚來說,他們有一個專門養(yǎng)魚的地方,取用前要在西湖湖水里餓養(yǎng)三天去腥味?!?/p>

周振天回憶,整個采風(fēng)過程中,“老廚師對于做菜的尊重已經(jīng)融入了骨髓,一名大廚對我說,用死魚做菜就是對自己的侮辱,他說‘我會直接扔在地上?!?/p>

提到這個,在樓外樓工作了30年的大廚駱林也透露,“西湖醋魚不是誰都能做的”,會有師傅給指定弟子傳授秘方,至少要學(xué)習(xí)半年以上,這道菜每天練習(xí)許多遍,師傅再三品嘗,確保百年相傳的口味都是同樣的。

為了更好演繹整部劇的精神,樓外樓的大廚也親自跟隨劇組進(jìn)行拍攝,展現(xiàn)了西湖醋魚、龍井蝦仁、東坡肉等杭州傳統(tǒng)名菜最正宗的做法。

劇中出現(xiàn)的菜肴,在民國三十四年(1945年)樓外樓的一份老菜譜中有記載。

這份1945年的老菜譜,是當(dāng)時杭州市菜館業(yè)評價會訂發(fā)的菜品價目表,繁體字樣,蓋有中華民國政府公章,菜品共160多個,標(biāo)價是手寫的,如白雞、紅燒獅子頭等只有幾毛錢,稍貴的幾塊錢,而像清扒魚翅這類高檔菜則沒有標(biāo)價。而杭幫菜選擇食材很重時令,講究就地取材,春季就做蝦子筍條,夏季就做西湖莼菜湯、荷葉粉蒸肉、嫩菱子雞。

這些體現(xiàn)工匠精神的細(xì)節(jié),也都在劇中一一呈現(xiàn)。

電視劇《樓外樓》展現(xiàn)的不只是一家百年老字號的發(fā)展史,更是浙江人的創(chuàng)新精神、工匠精神、文化傳承、實(shí)業(yè)報國和家國情懷。

生活中的樓外樓,作為一座活著的美食博物館,親歷了西湖歷史的風(fēng)雨滄桑,更見證了杭州乃至浙江在新時代的騰飛和發(fā)展。百年回眸,歲月悠悠,樓外樓漸成世界名樓,而杭州也正闊步邁上打造具有獨(dú)特韻味別樣精彩的世界名城的新征途。

From May 14 to June 12, Channel One of CCTV, Chinas biggest television network, screened , a television drama series based on Louwailou Restaurant on the picturesque West Lake in Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang Province.

The 36-episode series appeared on the prime-time slot of the channel and ranked at the top of all the entertainment programs on CCTV screened at the same prime time slot. On May 15, the CCTV news covered the series on the prime-time Network News.

The restaurant was founded at the foot of Solitary Hill on the West Lake by Hong Ruitang in 1848. Originally, the small eatery stood by Guanghua Temple. The fish and shrimps Hong Ruitang caught from the lake became best dishes for tourists. The restaurateur had an education background. He had wanted to pursue a governmental career through the imperial examination system, but failed. What he knew about history and culture and urban legends and celebrities made his menu unique. Most dishes on the menu have a story.

The unique location of the restaurant, its fine culinary art, and the culture the restaurant went all out to glorify contributed to the lasting fame for the restaurant.

Culturally speaking, the restaurant once served more like a salon for celebrities. For example, Wu Changshuo (1844-1927), a master of painting, seal engraving and calligraphy, once held a solo exhibition there. After all, the Xiling Seal Art Society was and is still a stones throw from the restaurant and Wu was its first president for more than ten years until his death in 1927. Other celebrities of the 20th century include Zhang Taiyan, Mei Lanfang, Ma Yinchu, Li Shutong, Feng Zikai, Lu Xun, Yu Dafu, Xu Zhimo, Gai Jiaotian, Pan Tianshou and Huang Binhong, all in the elite literati circles, let alone a galaxy of prominent personages from other fields. The television series restored some of the history by presenting a few celebrities at the restaurant: Lu Xun and Li Shutong.

Some people comment that Louwailou is like a hall of fame. “Louwailou Restaurant accounts for half a history of Chinese modern art and literature,” commented Li Zhun, the honorary president of China Association of Critics of Art and Literature.

In early 1921, , a newspaper based in Osaka, Japan, sent the 29-year-old writer Akutagawa Ryonosuke (1892-1927) to China. On May 2, 1921, the writer arrived in Hangzhou. Impressed by the beauty of the West Lake, he poeticized the lake in letters to his friends. A photo dated May 3, 1921 shows Ryonosuke at Louwailou by the West Lake. Akutagawa and his Japanese journalist friend sat at a table on the waterfront in the shade of pagoda trees outside the front door of the restaurant. It is the earliest existing photo of Louwailou in history. In 1922, Mainichi Simbun serialized a six-chapter travelogue Ryonosuke wrote about his travel in Jiangnan (the south of the Yangtze River Delta). One chapter was dedicated to his lunch at Louwailou.

Louwailou is one of Chinas greatest restaurants for a reason. It is a top-class gourmet restaurant. It has invented and maintained ingenious ways to make finest dishes. Take West Lake Vinegar Fish for example. The restaurant keeps carp alive in a pen, consisting of some 20 wire cages, in the lake at the front door of the restaurant, for three days to purge the fish of any muddy odor. The recipe for making this dish may look easy and simple, but there are secrets in the recipe and a would-be chef at the restaurant must train under a master for at least half a year for making this dish. The student chef must make a fish dish several times a day for half a year under the scrutiny of the master. This master-student approach ensures the quality of the fish.

The television series was filmed at a location in Huzhou, about 80 kilometers north of Hangzhou. A real-size restaurant was made on the blueprints of the restaurant of the yesteryears. The restaurant of today on the West Lake looks quite modern. During the filming, a master chef from Louwailou Restaurant stayed with the production team to make sure all facts about dishes were right. All the dishes that appeared in the series were documented in a menu in 1945. The handwritten menu lists over 160 dishes, approved by Hangzhou Restaurants Appraisal Committee and impressed with a seal of the local government. In addition to displaying a wide range of dishes the restaurant served tourists and gourmets, the precious menu also serves as testimonial to how price regulation at local restaurants was exercised by the local committee and the government.

猜你喜歡
芥川西湖
?? ( 西湖), ?? ?? ??
芥川龍之介的文學(xué)成就——八卷本《芥川全集》漢譯概說
芥川龍之介筆下的“忠臣藏”
芥川龍之介的《中國游記》①論——以芥川、章炳麟的會晤對談為中心
汴西湖
芥川龍之介の童話について
Résumés
節(jié)日之美——西湖村
當(dāng)西湖遇上雪
芥川龍之介的親情觀
——以《點(diǎn)鬼簿》為例
湛江市| 宜兰县| 江油市| 额尔古纳市| 铅山县| 江西省| 西贡区| 镇坪县| 巨野县| 石景山区| 乌兰县| 马鞍山市| 喀喇沁旗| 辉县市| 嘉峪关市| 郧西县| 贵港市| 佛学| 棋牌| 宁蒗| 岱山县| 兰溪市| 德州市| 湛江市| 黄石市| 泸溪县| 潮安县| 临安市| 永寿县| 孟津县| 景宁| 宜兰县| 鄢陵县| 新绛县| 仁寿县| 定州市| 濮阳县| 蓬安县| 镇远县| 黔西| 碌曲县|