耿秀英
[摘要] 目的 探討糖尿病足部神經(jīng)病變護(hù)理干預(yù)的臨床作用。 方法 選取2016年8月—2017年6月期間在該院接受診治的80例糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變(PDN)患者作為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)分組。對(duì)照組患者只進(jìn)行常規(guī)化的護(hù)理,觀察組采取“常規(guī)化護(hù)理+足部護(hù)理干預(yù)”治療方案,3個(gè)月后對(duì)2組療效進(jìn)行評(píng)定。 結(jié)果 兩組相較而言,治療后下肢SNCV都有所改善,觀察組更為明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組相較而言,觀察組臨床癥狀改善更為明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 實(shí)行正確的足部護(hù)理干預(yù),并定期開展隨訪,可以有效提升下肢SNCV及改善患者臨床癥狀,因此,在臨床中能夠大力實(shí)踐、推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 糖尿?。蛔悴可窠?jīng)病變;護(hù)理干預(yù);臨床作用
[中圖分類號(hào)] R587.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1672-4062(2018)05(a)-0174-02
[Abstract] Objective To study the clinical effect of nursing intervention in diabetic foot neuropathy. Methods 80 cases of patients with PDN diagnosed in our hospital from August 2016 to June 2017 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the control group were only treated with routine nursing, while the observation group used the routine nursing and foot nursing intervention, and the curative effect was evaluated after three months. Results After treatment, the lower extremity SNCV was improved, and the index was more obvious in the observation group the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), and the improvement of clinical symptoms in the observation group was more obvious the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of accurate foot nursing intervention and regular development of follow-up can effectively improve the lower extremity SNCV and improve the clinical symptoms, therefore, it can be greatly applied and promoted in clinic.
[Key words]Diabetes; Diabetic foot neuropathy; Nursing intervention; Clinical effect
糖尿病的慢性并發(fā)癥較多,其中糖尿病引起的足部神經(jīng)病變是常見并發(fā)癥[1],除了藥物治療,護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)于患者的預(yù)后具有重要價(jià)值[2]。該研究中選取2016年8月—2017年6月期間在該院接受診治的80例糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變(PDN)患者作為研究對(duì)象,分組進(jìn)行護(hù)理觀察,取得了滿意的效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取在該院接受診治的80例糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變(PDN)患者作為研究對(duì)象。全部檢測事項(xiàng)均符合WHO糖尿病的評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3]。按照隨機(jī)、均衡理念,分成觀察組患者男17例,女23例,年齡42~69歲,平均年齡(52.65±6.47)歲;糖尿病病程1~21年,平均病程(9.32±3.62)年;PDN病程1~10年,平均病程(3.24±1.21)年。對(duì)照組患者男18例,女22例;年齡43~68歲,平均年齡(53.51±3.35)歲;糖尿病病程1~9年,平均病程(3±0.7)d;PDN病程2~18年,平均病程(9.11±3.21)年。2組患者的臨床個(gè)人資料,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①入院前具備肢體疼痛、發(fā)涼、燒灼感或麻木典型臨床特征;②年齡滿足42~69歲,性別無限制;③診治檔案資料齊全且存檔;④所有患者均已簽訂同意書[4]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有心臟、肝部、腎盂等器質(zhì)性病變損傷者;②準(zhǔn)備妊娠、妊娠、哺乳期的婦女;③精神疾病,意識(shí)無法自主患者[5]。
1.2 研究方法
對(duì)照組患者只進(jìn)行常規(guī)化的護(hù)理,如營養(yǎng)支持、血糖控制及血液循環(huán)改善等強(qiáng)化控制,觀察組采取“常規(guī)化護(hù)理+足部護(hù)理干預(yù)”治療方案。①制定個(gè)性化教育方案:依據(jù)患者檢查報(bào)告為其制定個(gè)性化教育方案,給予患者與家屬真正意義上的協(xié)助與指導(dǎo)。②健康常識(shí)宣教:向患者及其家屬詳細(xì)講解糖尿病足致病原因、治療過程、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及相關(guān)護(hù)理常識(shí),現(xiàn)場演示及指導(dǎo)足部護(hù)理措施,并積極解除患者和家屬困惑,督促其較好掌握。③足部按摩護(hù)理:為促進(jìn)血液循環(huán),每日指導(dǎo)患者進(jìn)行足部按摩,2次/d,10 min/次,以輕揉手法從足尖直至小腿部位[6]。④足部損傷或感染護(hù)理:及時(shí)在無菌條件下對(duì)患者局部進(jìn)行清創(chuàng)及換藥處理,2次/d,并使患肢高于身體水平線。⑤足浴護(hù)理:每天足浴,水溫37~39℃,持續(xù)5~10 min,擦拭后為防止皸裂涂上護(hù)膚霜,尤其寒冷干燥的冬季,更應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)雙足皮膚的檢查。⑥適宜運(yùn)動(dòng)指導(dǎo):患肢保持45°,持續(xù)2 min,隨后依次下垂及平放分別2、3~5 min,整個(gè)訓(xùn)練流程6~8次/d;足部和趾上下伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)10 min,10~20次/d[7]。⑦定期隨訪:對(duì)患者出院后進(jìn)行隨訪,1次/周,總共3個(gè)月,密切觀察、記錄患者足部狀況,同時(shí)指導(dǎo)并糾正患者足部護(hù)理方式[8]。