[精彩導(dǎo)讀]

人類(lèi)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，正以不知不覺(jué)的方式進(jìn)行。人類(lèi)可能將面臨一個(gè)沒(méi)有鳥(niǎo)、蜜蜂和蝴蝶的寂靜世界。本文節(jié)選自《寂靜的春天》，以寓言開(kāi)頭向我們描繪了一個(gè)美麗村莊的突變，并從植物到地區(qū)到人類(lèi)自身，全方位地揭示了化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的危害。作者借此向世人發(fā)出警告，要人們立即認(rèn)識(shí)到可能會(huì)面臨的巨大災(zāi)難，并采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境。

Pre?reading

Spring is a time when everything thrives. It is a lively and hopeful season. What does the author mean by describing it to be silent？

There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms， where， in spring， white clouds of flowers above the green fields. In autumn， oak and maple and birch（樺樹(shù)）set up a blaze （火焰）of color that flamed and flickered（閃爍） across a background of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields.

Along the roads， wildflowers delighted the travelers eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty， where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was， in fact， famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life， and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams， which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady（成蔭的） pools where trout（鮭魚(yú)）lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses， sank their wells， and built their barns（谷倉(cāng)）.

Then some evil spells（符咒） settled on the community： mysterious diseases swept the flocks of chickens； the cattle and sheep sickened and died. In the town the doctors were more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths， not only among adults but even among children.

There was a strange stillness. The birds， for example—where had they gone？ The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices； there was now no sound； only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.

The roadsides， once so attractive， were now lined with browned and withered （枯萎的）plant as though swept by fire. There deserted by all living things， it， too， was silent. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers（釣魚(yú)者）no longer visited them， for all the fish had died.

Some weeks before， a white powder had fallen like snow upon the roofs and the lawns， the fields and streams.

No witchcraft（魔法）， no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this， in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.

This town does not actually exist. I know of no community that has experienced all the misfortunes I describe. Yet every one of these disasters has actually happened somewhere， and many real communities have already suffered a substantial number of them， and this imagined tragedy may easily become a harsh reality we all shall know.

[立意呈現(xiàn)]

Read the passage and complete the form. One word for each blank.

【點(diǎn)石成金】對(duì)比手法在科普性說(shuō)明文章中有著廣泛的運(yùn)用，對(duì)比包括數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比，觀點(diǎn)和看法的對(duì)比，和不同現(xiàn)象的對(duì)比等。在本文中，作者采用小鎮(zhèn)被污染前和被污染后呈現(xiàn)的植物、動(dòng)物和人的巨大改變對(duì)比描述，有效地傳遞了作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，突出了人類(lèi)濫用化學(xué)藥品的巨大危害，使文章具有一種強(qiáng)大的震撼力量。同學(xué)們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)提煉這樣的變化特點(diǎn)，感受污染的巨大危害性和環(huán)保的重要性。

[閱讀掃障]

Ⅰ.熟詞生義

Ⅱ.熱詞積累

Vocabulary

1.prosperous adj. booming； promising； （of plants） growing well 繁榮的

2.delight v. give pleasure to or be pleasing to 使高興

3.abundance n. the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply 充足；豐富

4.raise v. to cause， produce， raise 建立；修建

5.sweep v. spread rapidly 在……迅速傳播

6.tremble v. shake slightly because of fright or cold發(fā)抖；打顫；擔(dān)心；恐懼

7.misfortune n. something unpleasant or unlucky that happens to someone 不幸；災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍

8.suffer v. undergo or be subjected to 遭受；經(jīng)歷

Phrases

1.in the heart of 在……中央

2.in harmony with 與……和諧相處

3.set up 建立；修建

4.feed on 以……為食；以……為能源

5.pour though 流入；涌入

6.settle on 停歇在；棲于

7.be puzzled by 被……所困惑；被……所迷惑

8.as though 好像；仿佛

9.a substantial number of 多種

10.a harsh reality 殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)

Ⅲ.難句分析

1.There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms， where， in spring， white clouds of flowers above the green fields.從前，在美國(guó)中部有一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，這里的一切生物看來(lái)與其周?chē)h(huán)境生活得很和諧。這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)坐落在繁榮的農(nóng)場(chǎng)中央。春天，繁花像白色的云朵點(diǎn)綴在綠色的原野上。

本句是There be 句型，其中包含where引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾“a town”和“The town”。先行詞是表示“地點(diǎn)”或任何含有“抽象地點(diǎn)意義”的名詞時(shí)一般用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

2.In autumn， oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a background of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields.秋天到了，橡樹(shù)、楓樹(shù)和樺樹(shù)色彩斑斕，在一片松樹(shù)林間火焰般地燃燒與跳躍。狐貍在小山上叫著，小鹿靜悄悄地穿過(guò)了籠罩著秋天晨霧的原野。

首句是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾名詞color。flamed and flickered 意為“燃燒與跳躍”，采用的是英語(yǔ)押頭韻的修辭手法，類(lèi)似的還有pride and prejudice （傲慢與偏見(jiàn)），safe and sound（平平安安）， now or never（機(jī)不可失，失不再來(lái)）。押頭韻的修辭手法一般在詩(shī)歌、散文、廣告、演講等文體中應(yīng)用廣泛。此處使用“flamed and flickered” 能使語(yǔ)言讀起來(lái)更具有音韻美，借此比喻橡樹(shù)、楓樹(shù)和樺樹(shù)色彩斑斕，更加突出了以前小鎮(zhèn)的秋天美感，更具有畫(huà)面感了。第2句中的barked和silently為一動(dòng)和一靜的效果，分別描寫(xiě)狐貍的叫喚聲和小鹿靜靜穿過(guò)原野的動(dòng)作。