“乾坤大挪移”是《倚天屠龍記》中的一種武學(xué)心法,其根本的道理,在于發(fā)揮每個人本身所蓄有的潛力,使其在緊急關(guān)頭“迸發(fā)”出來。因此,往往平常一個手無縛雞之力的弱者在危急時也能力負千斤。眾所周知,高考也好似一場特殊的“比武”。高考閱卷人就是我們要征服的“敵手”。而他們,通常是極其挑剔的。優(yōu)秀的作文不僅要有完備的要點和渾然一體的篇章架構(gòu),還要有讓人讀來眼前一亮、為之一振的精彩表達。優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生總善于利用已掌握的高級詞匯和句式,并對這些語言進行巧妙的改造或化用,達到“乾坤大挪移”的目的,從而使“霸氣”的表達成為獲取高分的“倚天劍”或“屠龍刀”,秒殺“敵手”于無形。
英語寫作中的“乾坤大挪移”有八招。
第一招:借用成語典故,將其具體化
情境概述:外國人到中國來,詢問餐桌禮儀。就此,提出建議。
寫作要點:俗話說得好,入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。當(dāng)你訪問中國的時候,千萬要記住尊重這些風(fēng)俗。
普通表達:As the old saying goes, do in Rome as Romans do. When you pay a visit to China, do bear in mind to follow the customs.
升級表達:As the old saying goes, do in Chinde36f12b47d39e9e882062647bcb928380e7f3c161c8d9ee858d3c384f12e19ba as Chinese do. When you pay a visit to China, do bear in mind to follow the customs.
精彩點評:本句中作者針對“外國人來中國”這一事實,將“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗” 中的“鄉(xiāng)”由Rome改為了China,突出了信息的針對性,讓表達更加具體。體現(xiàn)了作者駕馭語言的扎實功底。
乾坤挪移:
我是中國人。走遍東西南北,還是家最好。
1.Im Chinese. East or west, home is best.
→Im Chinese. East or west,_______ is_______.
第二招:嫁接“相親”技術(shù),情感互動化
情境概述:(2012·江西卷)參加以“I like reading”為主題的征文活動。
寫作要點:結(jié)束全文,完善篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。
普通表達:In a word, reading can benefit me in various ways. I hope you will be addicted to reading, too.
升級表達:Now,by reading my words,how I hope you can smile and become my friends!
精彩點評:若把寫作比作“相親”,相親的對象非閱卷人莫屬。優(yōu)秀的考生總會全力“撩起”相親對象情感上的漣漪,讓文章富有真情感染力。本文的考生就采用了與相親對象情感互動的方式結(jié)束全文,能夠激起“相親人”的閱讀快感,實現(xiàn)了與相親對象,即閱卷人的情感互動與深層次溝通。
乾坤挪移:
2.以“Friends and friendship”為題寫一篇英語作文的結(jié)尾。
第三招:利用熟悉句型,將其陌生化
情境概述:以“My favorite teacher”為題,介紹一部自己最喜歡的電影。
靈感源泉:Tom and Jerry是一部經(jīng)典動畫片。Tom和Jerry它們第一次見面是在一所房子邊。若翻譯“這是貓和老鼠第一次見面的房子”,不妨直譯如下:
This was the house where Tom and Jerry first met.
乾坤挪移:
陳主編(Editor?in?chief)過去是個高富帥的老師。
Editor?in?chief Chen used to be a tall,wealthy and handsome teacher.
→Editor?in?chief Chen used to be a teacher where height, wealth and beauty encountered.
精彩點評:升級后的句子用名詞代替形容詞,使用and進行連接,并巧妙地使用了where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,達到了“舊瓶裝新酒”的目的。對這樣的表達我們只能說“厲害了,word哥!”
第四招:散句合并長句,將其書面化
情境概述:寫一篇日記,介紹一下自己是如何度過國慶節(jié)的。
寫作要點:國慶節(jié)小冷,天下小雨。我百無聊賴,逛街遛狗。
普通表達:The National Day was a bit cold and rainy. I had nothing to do. I decided to wander the street with my dog.
升級表達:It was cold for the drizzle on Oct. 1 when I realized it was an opportunity to wander with my dog.
精彩點評:原句為三個短的分句,語義關(guān)系較為松散,使用長句后三句合一,渾然一體。新的句子使用了when引導(dǎo)的定語從句以及動詞不定式作后置定語。
乾坤挪移:
7月1日極其悶熱(mugginess),無風(fēng)。我無所事事,就看起了電視消磨時間。
July 1 was extremely frowzy. I had nothing to do. I watched TV to kill time.
→It was windless for mugginess on July 1 when I hit upon a good idea to kill time by watching TV.
第五招:短句適當(dāng)加長,將其優(yōu)雅化
情境概述:寫一篇日記,介紹一下自己是如何度過國慶節(jié)的。
靈感源泉:有人曾將古詩“大漠孤煙直,長河落日圓。”譯成英文為“The vast desert witnessed straight lonely smoke rising, and the grand long river embraced the round sun setting.”。譯文使用了擬人化的動詞witness和embrace,使原本較短的句子經(jīng)合理拓展后變長了,也使表達栩栩如生,更為傳神。
乾坤挪移:
春熙路人山人海。
There were huge crowds of people On Chunxi Road.
→A sea of heads came into sight at a glimpse of Chunxi Road.
第六招:開篇套用成語,將其格式化
情境概述:談食品安全問題
寫作要點:食品藥品安全問題一直困擾著我們。
普通表達:The safety of food and drugs puzzles us.
升級表達:What puzzles us a lot is the safety of food and drugs.(讓我們深感困惑的是……)
It goes without saying that the safety of food and drugs puzzles us a lot nowadays.(不言而喻……)
It is a truth that nobody today can get out of the trouble of the safety of food and drugs.(事實上……)
It is universally believed that the safety of foods and drugs worries China, senior citizens, pregnant women, adolescents included.(人們普遍認為……)
No one denies the fact that the safety of food and drugs has been a wide concern for the whole society, whether youre old or young, a man or a woman.(沒有人能夠否認……的事實)
精彩點評:套用固定的句式或表達能夠化繁為簡,便于開門見山引入話題,同時也可以提高語言的質(zhì)量。
第七招:篇中經(jīng)典過渡,將其流暢化
英語文章追求文章的流暢性,起承轉(zhuǎn)合要流暢自然。在文章中可以使用以下銜接詞:
開頭:firstly, in the beginning, first and foremost, 以及to begin with等。
中間:more importantly, whats worse, worse still, furthermore, additionally, meanwhile, nevertheless, however, thus, 以及therefore等。
結(jié)尾:to sum up, last but not the least, all in all, in the end, finally, to conclude 以及eventually等。
第八招:篇尾倒裝感嘆,將其規(guī)范化
情境概述:回顧高中三年的學(xué)習(xí)體會。
寫作要點:勤奮的學(xué)習(xí)可以讓我們成功。
普通表達:Hard work contributes a lot to our success.
升級表達:Only by hard work can we achieve success.
What an important role hard work plays in our success!
精彩點評:篇章的末尾使用倒裝句和感嘆句能夠有效加強句子的“語勢”(關(guān)于加強句子‘語勢’的方法,請參見本刊2017年5月刊文章《提升“語勢”的14種黃金利器》),起到畫龍點睛的作用,加深閱卷人的印象,是獲取高分作文的利器之一。學(xué)習(xí)過程中要掌握倒裝句及感嘆句的相關(guān)知識。
乾坤挪移:
這個規(guī)劃實現(xiàn)后,城市會更美好。
Our city will become more beautiful when this program comes true.
→Only when this program comes true can our city become more beautiful.
→What a more beautiful future our city will possess when this program comes true!
→How much more beautiful our city will become when this program comes true!
八招“乾坤大挪移”的煉成,非一朝一夕之所成,需要在平時的寫作中多感悟、多推敲,反復(fù)練習(xí)。實際使用中,只有在不影響有效傳遞高考寫作信息,能給作文增加得分亮點的情況下方可使用,切不可盲目模仿和濫用。否則,這樣的“乾坤大挪移”不但不能斃“敵”于一役,還有可能成為“先傷己,后傷敵”的“七傷拳”。若如此,那就弄巧成拙了,萬萬不可!
【趁熱打鐵】
根據(jù)括號中的提示完成句子。
1.中國是一個歷史悠久、文化燦爛的文明古國。(利用熟悉句型,將其陌生化)
China is an ancient country with a long history and brilliant culture.
→China is an ancient country a long history and brilliant culture .
2.條條大路通羅馬(成功道路千萬條)。(借用成語典故,將其具體化)
All roads lead to Rome.
→All roads lead to _______.
3.我希望老人們能過上更美好的生活。(嫁接“相親”技術(shù),情感互動化)
I hope that the aged can live a better life.
→How I hope that to guarantee the aged a better life!
4.遇到困難是一個司空見慣的情形。在這種情形下,我們可能會感到無助。我們會把它當(dāng)作證明自己有多么堅強的好機會。(散句合并長句,將其書面化)
It is common to come across difficulties. In this case, we may feel helpless. We may consider it as an opportunity to prove how strong we are.
→ is a common scene to encounter difficulties we may feel helpless consider it as an opportunity to prove how strong we are.
5.一個小男孩在黃昏里抽泣。(短句適當(dāng)加長,將其優(yōu)雅化)
A little boy was sobbing at dusk.
a lonely boy sobbing in the cold wind, tears running down his cheeks.
6.中國古詩詞非常美麗。(使用感嘆句,表達規(guī)范化)
Chinas ancient poetry is very beautiful.
Chinas ancient poetry is!
7.多讀書可以開闊視野。(使用倒裝句,表達規(guī)范化)
Reading more can help you to broaden your horizons.
reading more broaden your horizons.