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歐內(nèi)斯特·米勒·海明威

2018-12-29 00:00:00鄧國慶
瘋狂英語·讀寫版 2018年9期

[背景導(dǎo)讀]

歐內(nèi)斯特·米勒·海明威(Ernest Miller Hemingway,1899年7月21日—1961年7月2日),出生于美國伊利諾伊州芝加哥市郊區(qū)奧克帕克,美國作家、記者,被認為是20世紀最著名的小說家之一。

海明威的一生之中曾榮獲不少獎項。他在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間被授予銀制勇敢勛章;1953年,他以《老人與?!芬粫@得普利策獎;1954年的《老人與?!酚譃楹C魍Z得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。2001年,海明威的《太陽照樣升起》(The Sun Also Rises)與《永別了,武器》兩部作品被美國現(xiàn)代圖書館列入“20世紀中的100部最佳英文小說”中。

海明威是當代最偉大的自然主義作家之一。他敢于突破傳統(tǒng),創(chuàng)造新的風(fēng)格和手法以適應(yīng)題材的需要。

Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961) was an American author. Young Hemingway was recruited(征募)as an ambulance driver and once went to Italian front. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. This wartime experiences proved so broken and nightmarish(噩夢般的)that everything about him was permanently affected. In a sense, all his life he lived with it emotionally and continued to write about it in order to experience and forget.

In 1926, he published his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, and received a good deal of attraction. It paints the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation. This includes the young English and American expatriates(僑民)as well as men and women caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. John Barnes, the character in the novel, is wounded in the war, finding life a nightmare after it. The only strength to live on with any dignity (尊嚴) comes from nowhere but himself.

A Farewell to Arms, his next novel, can be read as a footnote(腳注)to The Sun Also Rises in that it explains how people like Barnes come to behave the way they do. Then, in 1940, another novel For Whom the Bell Tolls came out in print. Here is a man living all the time in the shadow of fate and doom(末日). In 1952, The Old Man and the Sea helped restore his reputation as a great one so that he won the Nobel Prize in 1954. Santiago is a typical Hemingway hero, a man of action and one of few words. He has despairing courage,a courage that enables a man to behave like a man, to keep his dignity in face of a difficult situation—a man can be destroyed but not defeated. What a pity that he in life possibly failed to carry on that courage so that he shot himself on July 2nd, 1961.

歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威(1899—1961)是一位美國作家。年輕時,他曾被應(yīng)征入伍,當過急救車司機,去過意大利的戰(zhàn)爭前線。1918年他因負傷回到家中。戰(zhàn)時的經(jīng)歷破碎不堪,像噩夢般揮之不去,以致他的一切都受到了徹底的影響。從某種意義上來說,他一生都不堪其擾,因此他試圖通過寫作來體驗并忘記這種夢魘。

1926年,他出版的第一本小說《太陽照常升起》得到了廣泛的關(guān)注?!懊糟囊淮毙蜗笞源水a(chǎn)生,多指年輕的、旅居海外的英美人,也包括被戰(zhàn)爭所困的人們,當文明分崩離析,他們告別了從前的價值觀,卻又無法和新時代接軌。小說主人公約翰·巴恩斯在戰(zhàn)爭中身負重傷,戰(zhàn)后生活如同噩夢。支撐他有尊嚴地活下去的力量只能是他自己。

后一本小說《永別了,武器》,好比是《太陽照常升起》的腳注本,因為它解釋了為什么像巴恩斯這樣的人會如此作為。1940年,小說《喪鐘為誰而鳴》出版了,故事主人公自始至終都活在命運和末日的陰影中。1952年,《老人與?!分匦麓_立了海明威偉大作家的聲譽,并使其在1954年一舉奪得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。圣地亞哥就是個典型的海明威式主人公,少言寡語,以行動見真章。 他擁有一種絕望中的勇氣,這勇氣可讓人以真正人類的行為方式來表現(xiàn),在逆境中保持尊嚴——人可以被毀滅,卻不可以被打敗??上钪械暮C魍]能保持這種勇氣,于1961年7月2日,他開槍自殺了。

[巧筆妙記]

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

1.typical adj. 典型的

2.in a sense 在某種意義上

3.receive a good deal of attraction 得到廣泛的關(guān)注

4.be caught in 被困在……,被……困住

5.cut off 切斷

6.come to terms with 甘心忍受;妥協(xié);與……友好相處

7.go mad 發(fā)瘋

8.come from nowhere 從無處來

9.all the time 一直;總是

10.in the shadow of fate and doom 在命運和末日的陰影中

11.restore ones reputation 恢復(fù)名聲

12.a man of action and one of few words 能干而又沉默寡言的人

13.keep ones dignity 保持尊嚴

14.in face of a difficult situation 面臨困境

15.carry on 保持;繼續(xù)下去

Ⅱ.難句分析

1.in that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句

后一本小說《永別了,武器》,好比是《太陽照常升起》的腳注本,因為它解釋了為什么像巴恩斯這樣的人會如此作為。

A Farewell to Arms, his next novel, can be read as a footnote to The Sun Also Rises it explains how people like Barnes come to behave the way they do.

【點石成金】in that“因為”,可用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。how引導(dǎo)的從句作explain的賓語;they do是一個定語從句,修飾先行詞the way,省略了關(guān)系詞that或in which。

【答案】in that

2.同位語從句

可惜生活中的海明威沒能保持這種勇氣,于1961年7月2日,他開槍自殺了。

What a pity he in life possibly failed to carry on that courage so that he shot himself on July 2nd, 1961.

【點石成金】It is a pity that... “很遺憾……”,that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,本句為加強語氣,使用了感嘆句的形式。so that“以致……”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。

【答案】that

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