吳金光
[摘要]目的 探討經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者的應(yīng)用效果。方法 選取2017年2月~2018年2月我院收治的60例體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照電腦隨機(jī)分組方法將其分為觀察組(30例)與對(duì)照組(30例)。觀察組患者采用經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)方法治療,對(duì)照組患者繼續(xù)采用體外沖擊波方法治療。比較兩組患者的住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、結(jié)石清除率、治療總有效率及并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率。結(jié)果 觀察組患者的住院時(shí)間為(5.21±0.11)d,手術(shù)時(shí)間為(80.21±1.27)min,均短于對(duì)照組的(6.23±1.45)d、(90.11±1.25)min,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者的結(jié)石清除率為93.33%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的66.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者的治療總有效率為90.00%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的63.33%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者的并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率為13.33%,顯著低于對(duì)照組的26.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 采用經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者的效果顯著,能明顯提高結(jié)石清除率,提高治療有效率,促進(jìn)腎結(jié)石患者早期康復(fù)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石;經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù);治療價(jià)值
[中圖分類號(hào)] R699.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)2(a)-0111-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the application effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of patients with failed renal calculi under the therapy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Methods Sixty patients with failed renal calculi under the therapy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy from February 2017 to February 2018 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into the observation group (30 cases) and the control group (30 cases) according to the computer randomization. In the observation group, percutaneous nephrolithotomy was used, while in the control group, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was used continuously. The hospitalization time, operation time, stone removal rate, total effective rate of treatment, and total incidence rate of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The hospitalization time of the observation group was (5.21±0.11) d, the operation time was (80.21±1.27) min, which were shorter than those of the control group accounting for (6.23±1.45) d and (90.11±1.25) min, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The stone removal rate of the observation group was 93.33%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group accounting for 66.67%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 90.00%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group accounting for 63.33%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total incidence rate of complications in the observation group was 13.33%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group accounting for 26.67%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of patients with failed renal calculi under the therapy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can obtain a remarkable effect, which can greatly increase the removal rate of stones as well as therapeutic effectiveness rate, and promote the early rehabilitation of patients with renal calculi.
[Key words] Failed renal calculi under the therapy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Therapeutic value
研究顯示,腎結(jié)石為臨床泌尿系統(tǒng)十分常見的疾病,常發(fā)生在輸尿管、腎盂連接處等部位,以發(fā)熱、劇烈疼痛為主要表現(xiàn),嚴(yán)重時(shí)易導(dǎo)致人體發(fā)生泌尿系統(tǒng)感染情況,導(dǎo)致患者健康受到嚴(yán)重影響。而對(duì)于該類患者臨床一般實(shí)施體外沖擊波碎石治療,但是由于該項(xiàng)手術(shù)對(duì)患者機(jī)體創(chuàng)傷大,同時(shí)未能有效清除結(jié)石,容易引起治療失敗情況,近年來(lái)微創(chuàng)手術(shù)在臨床中廣泛應(yīng)用,其具有多種優(yōu)勢(shì)[1-2]。經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)為微創(chuàng)手術(shù),目前在體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者中廣泛應(yīng)用。本研究選取我院收治的60例體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者作為研究對(duì)象,旨在探討經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2017年2月~2018年2月我院收治的60例體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者作為研究對(duì)象,患者均簽署知情同意書,排除精神疾病、認(rèn)知異常、臨床資料尚未完整者。按照電腦隨機(jī)分組方法將其分為觀察組(30例)與對(duì)照組(30例)。觀察組中,男20例,女10例;年齡30~55歲,平均(42.01±1.15)歲。對(duì)照組中,男19例,女11例;年齡31~55歲,平均(43.12±1.17)歲。兩組患者的性別、年齡等一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)過(guò)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)同意。
1.2方法
對(duì)照組患者繼續(xù)采用體外沖擊波治療,并詳細(xì)記錄治療效果[3]。觀察組患者使用經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療,具體如下。患者入院后,首先對(duì)患者進(jìn)行體征檢查,確診患者病情后,對(duì)其實(shí)施經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療,在進(jìn)行手術(shù)前,應(yīng)告知患者術(shù)中所需要注意的事項(xiàng);術(shù)中指導(dǎo)患者取截石位,對(duì)手術(shù)器具實(shí)施消毒,在輸尿管鏡直視下,將F4-6輸尿管導(dǎo)管插入,留置固定導(dǎo)管、雙腔氣囊尿管,之后協(xié)助患者取仰臥位,將患者腋后線下緣以及11肋骨間作為穿刺點(diǎn),將針芯取出,發(fā)生尿液回流情況后,插入超硬導(dǎo)絲,使其前端進(jìn)入導(dǎo)管的上端腔,將擴(kuò)張器擴(kuò)張直至16F,在患者輸尿管內(nèi)放置F6D-J管,在患者腎造瘺口將F14單腔導(dǎo)管作為造瘺管,術(shù)后對(duì)患者生命體征進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密檢測(cè),并指導(dǎo)患者進(jìn)行臥床休息;手術(shù)完畢后3~4 d進(jìn)行投影檢查,若顯示患者結(jié)石完全取凈,術(shù)后4~5 d將腎造瘺管拔除。將兩組腎結(jié)石患者的治療效果詳細(xì)記錄[4]。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
比較兩組患者的住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間、結(jié)石清除率、治療總有效率及并發(fā)癥(感染、發(fā)熱、腸瘺)總發(fā)生率。療效評(píng)估分為顯效、有效、無(wú)效3個(gè)指標(biāo),其中顯效:腎結(jié)石患者治療后,臨床癥狀和體征消失;有效:腎結(jié)石患者治療后,臨床癥狀和體征緩解;無(wú)效:腎結(jié)石患者治療后,臨床癥狀和體征未改善。治療總有效率=(顯效+有效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%[5]。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間的比較
2.2兩組患者結(jié)石清除率的比較
觀察組患者的結(jié)石清除率為93.33%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的66.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.3兩組患者治療總有效率的比較
2.4兩組患者并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率的比較
3討論
近年來(lái),腎結(jié)石發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì),而對(duì)于該類患者實(shí)施一項(xiàng)有效的手術(shù)治療十分重要,但是多數(shù)患者實(shí)施體外沖擊波碎石治療后,由于多種因素影響,治療效果不佳[6-10]。因此,本研究對(duì)經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者的應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行分析,探討經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)的治療效果。
醫(yī)學(xué)研究顯示,多次實(shí)施體外沖擊波碎石治療,易導(dǎo)致弓狀靜脈破裂情況發(fā)生,從而引起血腫?;颊咴诙啻螌?shí)施體外沖擊波碎石后,擊碎的結(jié)石殘留在體內(nèi)腎盞黏膜下,易導(dǎo)致炎癥發(fā)生,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間刺激容易發(fā)生出血情況,從而導(dǎo)致繼續(xù)體外沖擊波治療效果不佳,臨床應(yīng)用受到限制[11]。實(shí)施經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療后,取得顯著效果,該項(xiàng)手術(shù)操作十分方便,能降低對(duì)患者身體創(chuàng)傷,提高患者治療效果。經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)是微創(chuàng)手術(shù),通過(guò)將微創(chuàng)腎鏡置入后,再實(shí)施手術(shù),具有創(chuàng)傷小、效果確切等優(yōu)點(diǎn),其與繼續(xù)體外沖擊波治療比較,具有多種優(yōu)勢(shì),其手術(shù)安全性較高,能顯著提高結(jié)石清除率,促進(jìn)腎結(jié)石患者康復(fù)?,F(xiàn)如今,經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療已經(jīng)成為體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者首選微創(chuàng)手術(shù)方式,受到多數(shù)患者青睞,在臨床中廣泛應(yīng)用[12-14]。本研究結(jié)果提示,觀察組患者的住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者的結(jié)石清除率為93.33%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的66.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者的總有效率為90.00%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的63.33%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者的并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率為13.33%,顯著低于對(duì)照組的26.67%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。主要是由于經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)具有恢復(fù)快、取石徹底、損傷小等優(yōu)勢(shì),其切口較小,手術(shù)后對(duì)患者機(jī)體無(wú)顯著影響,從而使患者住院時(shí)間縮短;同時(shí)該項(xiàng)手術(shù)對(duì)患者腎臟影響也十分小,能促進(jìn)患者在術(shù)后早期康復(fù),預(yù)防并發(fā)癥發(fā)生[15-18]。
綜上所述,采用經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石術(shù)治療體外沖擊波碎石治療失敗腎結(jié)石患者的效果顯著,能明顯提高結(jié)石清除率,提高治療有效率,促進(jìn)腎結(jié)石患者早期康復(fù),值得進(jìn)一步推廣及運(yùn)用。
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(收稿日期:2018-09-11? 本文編輯:任秀蘭)