葉麗華,劉天宇,施愛平
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適宜溶氣量改善生物柴油/柴油混合燃油霧化質(zhì)量
葉麗華1,劉天宇1,施愛平2
(1. 江蘇大學(xué)汽車與交通工程學(xué)院,鎮(zhèn)江 212013;2. 江蘇大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)裝備工程學(xué)院,鎮(zhèn)江 212013)
為探究溶氣對(duì)燃油霧化性能的影響,該文對(duì)生物柴油、0號(hào)柴油、混合燃油及經(jīng)溶氣處理的混合燃油的霧化特性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究,采用多普勒粒子分析儀(phase doppler particle analyzer,PDPA)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同比例的混合燃油在噴孔直徑為0.26和0.30 mm下進(jìn)行噴霧試驗(yàn)。對(duì)噴霧中心軸的軸向速度與粒徑分布進(jìn)行測(cè)量和分析,并進(jìn)一步以混合燃油為基礎(chǔ),在其中分別溶入不同體積的CO2,溶氣所占體積比分別為5.74%、12.73%和26.42%,分別使用2種孔徑的噴嘴對(duì)溶氣燃油進(jìn)行霧化性能的測(cè)量。結(jié)果表明,混合燃油的霧化效果與生物柴油相比得到明顯改善,與生物柴油相比柴油的索特平均直徑(sauter mean diameter,SMD)在軸向長(zhǎng)度70 mm處下降了25m,且噴孔直徑越小霧化效果越好,當(dāng)噴孔直徑由0.30 mm降低到0.26 mm時(shí),B0與B100的SMD分別降低了12.94%,19.57%。低溶氣量的燃油其索特平均直徑大于未溶氣燃油,且隨著噴孔直徑的減小對(duì)霧化的抑制作用更加明顯,當(dāng)溶氣所占體積比為5.74%和12.73%時(shí)隨著噴孔直徑從0.30 mm降低到0.26 mm其SMD分別增加了8.43%和6.82%。溶氣量較高時(shí)其霧化效果得到改善,且隨著噴孔直徑的減小,改善效果得到增強(qiáng),溶氣所占體積比為26.42%時(shí)隨孔徑的減小其SMD降低了26.5%。本研究表明適當(dāng)在生物柴油中溶氣可以改善其霧化質(zhì)量,研究結(jié)果可為生物柴油更好地應(yīng)用于車輛內(nèi)燃機(jī)領(lǐng)域提供參考。
生物柴油;排放控制;溶氣;噴霧;高速攝影;索特平均直徑
隨著能源的不斷開采,化石能源越來(lái)越少,盡快尋找可替代的能源迫在眉睫。生物柴油作為一種可再生能源與柴油有著非常相似的性質(zhì),其閃點(diǎn)高,易于運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)藏,幾乎不含硫[1-3],易于生物降解,可改善低硫柴油潤(rùn)滑性并顯著降低HC、CO、PM的排放[4-10],但其黏度和密度較大,這是影響霧化性能的重要因素,較差的霧化效果直接影響著生物柴油的燃燒,因此純生物柴油依然難以在內(nèi)燃機(jī)上得到廣泛應(yīng)用[11-15]。為了改善霧化效果,一些學(xué)者通過(guò)將生物柴油與柴油摻混進(jìn)行研究,以達(dá)到改善燃油噴霧性能同時(shí)替代部分柴油的效果。Agarwala等[16]研究了生物柴油與柴油混合燃料的噴霧性能,結(jié)果表明噴霧油滴的索特平均直徑和算術(shù)平均直徑隨著混合燃料中生物柴油含量的降低而降低,和普通柴油相比較高比例的混合燃油的密度和黏度明顯增加。
燃油溶氣霧化可以產(chǎn)生閃急沸騰效應(yīng),理論上可以使溶氣燃油液滴瞬間氣化,這樣可以有效改善液體的霧化性質(zhì)[17]。Huang等[18]采用高速攝影裝置對(duì)噴霧的形狀和霧化夾角進(jìn)行了觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)溶氣燃油的噴射形狀呈現(xiàn)拋物狀,霧化角較溶氣前更大,空間分布更均勻。肖進(jìn)等[19]通過(guò)粒子動(dòng)態(tài)分析系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同溶氣量的柴油進(jìn)行了微觀性質(zhì)方面的研究,研究表明,在柴油中溶入CO2氣體之后,油滴在噴霧過(guò)程中的破碎會(huì)更徹底,粒徑得到細(xì)化,且隨著溶氣量的增加粒徑越來(lái)越小。但以往的研究主要集中在柴油中進(jìn)行溶氣,而沒(méi)有在更需要改善霧化效果的生物柴油中進(jìn)行。
本文以大豆油生物柴油與0號(hào)柴油及其混合油為原料,通過(guò)定容彈高速攝影系統(tǒng)以及PDPA(phase doppler particle analyzer)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行噴霧測(cè)量試驗(yàn),并采用噴射溶氣法對(duì)混合燃油進(jìn)行溶氣處理,分析溶氣量與孔徑對(duì)生物柴油霧化性能的影響,并對(duì)其可行性進(jìn)行初步探索。
1.1.1 混合燃油制備
試驗(yàn)所用燃油的理化特性如表1所示。所用柴油為0號(hào)柴油,所用生物柴油為大豆油甲酯(soybean oil methyl ester,SME),生產(chǎn)于海南正和生物能源公司,符合德國(guó)DINV51606生物柴油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
用BX表示在柴油中摻混生物柴油的體積比。B0表示純0號(hào)柴油,制備了B0,B30,B50,B70,B100共5種不同比例的混合燃油。
表1 柴油與生物柴油的燃料特性
1.1.2 溶氣生物柴油的配制
常用的溶氣方法有從上方進(jìn)氣的壓力自然滲透溶氣法和從液體下方進(jìn)氣的噴射溶氣法[20],壓力自然滲透溶氣法是在高壓下氣體與液體表面分子之間逐漸滲透的方法,噴射溶氣法是將高壓氣體以氣態(tài)射流方式噴入液體內(nèi)部以提高其接觸面積使其快速融合的方法。前者只能在液體表面獲得較高的溶氣濃度,且溶氣耗時(shí)長(zhǎng),因此本試驗(yàn)采用從液體下方進(jìn)氣的噴射溶氣法。混合燃油的溶氣原理如圖1所示,通過(guò)控制減壓閥分別將1 、1.5 和2.5 MPa的CO2從B50底部噴入,持續(xù)5 min,使CO2氣體較為均勻地融入生物柴油中。在測(cè)量溶氣量時(shí),將溶氣燃油取出一部分放入連接U型管測(cè)壓計(jì)的密閉容器中,燃油中的CO2會(huì)在大氣壓力下逐漸釋放,等到測(cè)壓計(jì)穩(wěn)定后,通過(guò)壓力差以及氣體狀態(tài)方程求出CO2的體積,溶氣量的計(jì)算公式為:
=氣/油(1)
式中表示CO2在混合燃油中的溶氣量即CO2在燃油中所占的體積百分比,氣表示大氣狀態(tài)下所溶CO2的體積,單位為mm3,油表示所用混合燃油的體積,單位為mm3。
采用CX表示在混合燃油中溶氣的體積比。在1 、1.5 和2.5 MPa三種壓力下本試驗(yàn)分別配制出C5.74,C12.73和C26.42三種溶氣混合燃油。
圖1 燃油溶氣原理圖
PDPA分析系統(tǒng)的介紹見文獻(xiàn)[21-22]。PDPA由丹麥公司生產(chǎn),所用激光器為320 mW氬離子水冷激光器,激光分為514.5和488.0 nm兩種波長(zhǎng),激光通過(guò)發(fā)射探頭經(jīng)焦距為500 mm的透鏡匯聚成一點(diǎn),油滴經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)散射的光信號(hào)由接收探頭內(nèi)的光電倍增管接收并轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào),PDPA信號(hào)處理器從中篩選出有效信號(hào),由此計(jì)算出油滴的速度、粒徑等信息。其中SMD的計(jì)算公式為:
式中D表示第個(gè)油滴的直徑。
本文采用將噴霧場(chǎng)劃分為數(shù)個(gè)網(wǎng)格的方法,以網(wǎng)格的節(jié)點(diǎn)為測(cè)量點(diǎn)對(duì)噴霧場(chǎng)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集,圖2a為PDPA網(wǎng)格節(jié)點(diǎn)的分布,在噴霧中心軸線上劃分為8個(gè)測(cè)量點(diǎn),整個(gè)噴霧場(chǎng)的測(cè)量節(jié)點(diǎn)為35個(gè)左右。試驗(yàn)臺(tái)架的連接如圖2b所示,試驗(yàn)中粒徑測(cè)量精度為5%,速度測(cè)量精度為5%。
圖2 PDPA測(cè)量點(diǎn)及試驗(yàn)臺(tái)架示意圖
試驗(yàn)所用噴嘴直徑分別為0.26和0.30 mm,噴嘴為單孔,噴射壓力為15 MPa,背壓3.5 MPa。噴霧試驗(yàn)的油泵為BQ型噴油泵,油泵轉(zhuǎn)速為1 000 r/min。定容彈內(nèi)的介質(zhì)氣體為氮?dú)?,溫度?96 K,分別對(duì)不同比例的混合燃油與不同溶氣量的燃油進(jìn)行測(cè)試,每種狀態(tài)試驗(yàn)3次取平均值。
圖3為噴孔直徑0.30 mm時(shí)的混合燃油霧化性能。從圖3a中可以看出,不同比例的混合燃油油滴速度在軸向長(zhǎng)度前30 mm處差別較大,其中在噴嘴端口處B30的油滴軸向速度最大,B50的油滴軸向速度最小,純柴油與生物柴油的油滴軸向速度在兩者之間。在軸向長(zhǎng)度前30 mm處,5種混合燃油B0、B30、B50、B70和B100的油滴軸向速度都有不同程度的上升。噴口附近的油滴軸向速度差異比較大,其原因是由于不同比例混合燃油的理化性質(zhì)不同,這種差異造成了噴孔內(nèi)部燃油的湍動(dòng)和空化表現(xiàn)不同,同時(shí)造成噴孔附近油束與空氣的相互作用不同。在30 mm后,5種不同摻混比例的混合燃油油滴軸向速度趨于穩(wěn)定,維持在85 m/s左右,并且明顯小于噴孔附近的速度,這是因?yàn)殡S著噴射過(guò)程的進(jìn)行,由于空氣阻力的作用油滴軸向速度逐漸變小[23]。在噴霧油滴粒徑方面,從圖3b中可以看出,隨著噴霧過(guò)程的進(jìn)行,從B0到B100,油滴的索特平均直徑隨著軸向長(zhǎng)度的增加呈現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì),5種混合燃油的油滴索特平均直徑均下降30m以上。這主要是由于在外界空氣壓力與油滴內(nèi)部壓力及其表面張力的作用下油滴發(fā)生破碎,并且油滴與油滴之間會(huì)不可避免地發(fā)生碰撞從而進(jìn)一步破碎,最終導(dǎo)致油滴粒徑越來(lái)越小。其中B100的油滴索特平均直徑最大,在噴孔處高達(dá)133.1m,在軸向長(zhǎng)度70 mm處高達(dá)78.2m,B70,B50,B30和B0的油滴粒徑逐漸遞減,B0的油滴粒徑最小,由112.3m下降到53.2m。表明生物柴油的黏度比柴油大,破碎比較困難,導(dǎo)致油滴粒徑較大,霧化效果較差。
圖4是噴孔直徑為0.26 mm時(shí)混合燃油的霧化性能。從圖4a看出,油滴軸向速度整體呈現(xiàn)降低的趨勢(shì),在噴孔處的油滴速度較大,B50在噴孔處的油滴速度較低,在前20 mm處的油滴速度趨勢(shì)與B70非常相似。與圖3a相比,當(dāng)直徑減小時(shí),在噴孔附近的油滴軸向速度更大,這是因?yàn)橹睆降臏p小導(dǎo)致燃油湍動(dòng)能所在區(qū)域減小,湍動(dòng)能分布更加集中,引起噴口處流速增大[24]。隨著軸向長(zhǎng)度的增加,不同比例的混合燃油噴射速度相差越來(lái)越小,這和噴孔直徑0.30 mm時(shí)的規(guī)律一致。在軸向長(zhǎng)度70 mm處,純柴油的油滴速度最小,B100與B50最大。噴孔直徑0.26和0.30 mm時(shí)的油滴穩(wěn)定速度相差不大,均為85 m/s左右。從圖4b可以看出,油滴索特平均直徑隨著生物柴油摻混比例的提高而增大,但噴孔直徑從0.30 mm降到0.26 mm時(shí)索特平均直徑有明顯降低趨勢(shì),從圖4c可以看出,與0.30 mm的噴孔直徑相比,純生物柴油的油滴粒徑在70 mm處降低了19.57%,B70,B50,B30,B0的油滴索特平均直徑在70 mm處與大孔徑相比分別降低了26.52%,25.98%,27.19%,12.94%,這是由于孔徑從0.30 mm降到0.26 mm后,油滴軸向速度較大,增加了油滴初次破碎與空氣卷吸的能力從而改善燃油的霧化性能,這與前人研究結(jié)果一致[25]。
注:B0表示純柴油;B30表示體積比30%的生物柴油和70%的柴油;B50表示體積比50%的生物柴油和50%的柴油;B70表示體積比70%的生物柴油和30%的柴油;B100為純生物柴油。下同。
圖5為噴孔直徑0.30 mm時(shí)的溶氣燃油霧化性能。從圖5a中可以看出,B50與溶氣燃油的油滴軸向速度呈現(xiàn)先增加后減小的趨勢(shì),這是由于湍流的存在,噴口附近油束形成的表面波振幅較大,在空氣動(dòng)力作用下表面波發(fā)生迅速增長(zhǎng),油滴有更大的破碎速率,當(dāng)噴霧油滴從噴嘴頂部噴射出來(lái)時(shí),霧化空氣的動(dòng)量略有增加,這增加了油滴的軸向速度,隨著噴霧過(guò)程的進(jìn)行油滴速度隨著空氣阻力的作用逐漸降低,Deng 等[26]對(duì)生物柴油噴霧的研究中,噴霧油滴的軸向速度也呈現(xiàn)了先增加后降低的趨勢(shì)。噴口處C5.74,C12.73,C26.42溶氣燃油的油滴軸向速度均大于未溶氣的B50。在軸向長(zhǎng)度20 mm以后,3種不同溶氣量的混合柴油的油滴軸向速度明顯小于未溶氣的B50。王茉[27]進(jìn)行了單液滴在降壓過(guò)程中氣泡生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程的可視化研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)氣泡有一個(gè)生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程,生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中氣泡的粒徑不斷增加,包裹氣泡的液滴粒徑也不斷增加,直到破碎。對(duì)本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,分析認(rèn)為含有CO2氣體的混合柴油在噴射過(guò)程中包裹著氣體的油滴會(huì)出現(xiàn)2種現(xiàn)象,一種是溶氣量較小時(shí),氣泡不破碎,油滴體積隨著氣泡的增加而增加,值得注意的是,此時(shí)隨著氣泡增加,油滴粒徑變大,速度反而出現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì),這是由于隨著噴霧過(guò)程的進(jìn)行,不斷變大的氣泡受到霧化空氣湍流影響,氣泡內(nèi)的氣體流動(dòng)變得混亂,這大大降低了噴霧油滴的軸向速度。另一種情況是,油滴達(dá)到了破碎的程度,破碎瞬間的爆破力會(huì)增加油滴的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度,但是油滴也會(huì)因?yàn)闅馀莸钠扑槎鬯榈酶游⒓?xì),這就降低了油滴的動(dòng)能。此外,粒徑減小的同時(shí)數(shù)量會(huì)得到增加,油滴之間碰撞的幾率增大,也會(huì)造成油滴速度的衰減。最終溶氣混合柴油的速度低于未溶氣燃油。從圖5b可以看出,油滴的索特平均直徑隨著軸向長(zhǎng)度的增加而呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),但C5.74與C12.73混合柴油的油滴粒徑在軸向長(zhǎng)度70 mm處分別比B50大5.3和12.2m,這是由于溶氣量太低,油滴內(nèi)的氣體還達(dá)不到漲破油滴的程度,雖然將油滴不斷撐大,但達(dá)不到爆破的界限,所以油滴粒徑大于未溶氣之前。當(dāng)溶氣量為26.42%時(shí),軸向長(zhǎng)度70 mm處的油滴粒徑比B50小13.1m,分析認(rèn)為被油滴包裹的氣體突破油滴表面張力與黏性力的界限達(dá)到進(jìn)一步的破碎,因此粒徑小于B50,這也與之前的研究結(jié)果相吻合[28]??梢钥闯?,溶氣量存在一個(gè)臨界值,超過(guò)這個(gè)臨界值進(jìn)行溶氣才能起到改善霧化效果的作用。
圖4 噴孔直徑0.26 mm時(shí)的混合燃油霧化性質(zhì)
注:C5.74表示CO2在混合燃油中所占體積比為5.74%;C12.73表示CO2在混合燃油中所占體積比為12.73%;C26.42表示CO2在混合燃油中所占體積比為26.42%。下同。
圖6是噴孔直徑為0.26 mm時(shí)的溶氣燃油霧化特性。從圖6a中可以看出,B50、C5.74、C12.73和C26.42的油滴軸向速度呈現(xiàn)先增加后減小的趨勢(shì),雖然在噴霧起始位置的油滴速度較大,但隨著噴霧過(guò)程的進(jìn)行油滴速度均小于B50,且與噴孔直接0.30 mm相比,油滴速度減小更加明顯。隨著孔徑的減小,B50的油滴最終穩(wěn)定速度幾乎沒(méi)有改變,而C26.42的油滴速度降低了6.2%。從圖6b來(lái)看,C5.74與C12.73的油滴索特平均直徑仍高于B50,C26.42最小。從圖6c可以看出,與噴孔直徑0.30 mm時(shí)相比,C5.74與C12.73的油滴索特平均直徑并沒(méi)有隨著孔徑的減小而減小,在軸向長(zhǎng)度70 mm處,C5.74與C12.73的油滴索特平均直徑與0.30 mm孔徑相比分別增加了8.43%和6.82%,這與未溶氣的混合燃油的結(jié)果完全相反。C26.42的油滴粒徑與0.30 mm孔徑相比減小了26.5%,與未溶氣時(shí)結(jié)果相似。分析可知,溶氣量較小時(shí),噴孔直徑的減小對(duì)霧化有抑制作用,而當(dāng)溶氣量較大時(shí)噴孔直徑的減小對(duì)霧化有促進(jìn)作用。這是因?yàn)閲娍字睆降臏p小使得湍動(dòng)能增加,使油滴往破碎的方向發(fā)展,但由于低溶氣量的燃油達(dá)不到溶氣液滴破碎的界限,造成液滴進(jìn)一步膨脹而不能破碎,油滴粒徑更大。而溶氣量較大時(shí),在噴孔直徑0.30 mm時(shí)已經(jīng)達(dá)到破碎效果,因此使用湍動(dòng)能較強(qiáng)的小孔徑時(shí),其破碎更加完全,油滴索特平均直徑更小,霧化效果更好。邵毅明等[20]在探究噴孔長(zhǎng)徑比時(shí)也得到相似結(jié)論,認(rèn)為溶氣量較小時(shí)長(zhǎng)徑比的增加對(duì)霧化的抑制作用增強(qiáng)。因此在進(jìn)行溶氣噴霧時(shí),與未溶氣時(shí)相反[25],溶氣量較小時(shí)適當(dāng)增加噴孔直徑可以改善霧化效果。
圖6 噴孔直徑0.26 mm時(shí)的溶氣燃油霧化性質(zhì)
本文通過(guò)多普勒粒子分析技術(shù)對(duì)柴油、生物柴油及其混合燃油在不同溶氣量和不同噴孔直徑下的霧化質(zhì)量進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明增加燃油的溶氣量和降低噴孔直徑是改善生物柴油霧化質(zhì)量的有效方式。主要結(jié)論如下:
1)純生物柴油與純柴油的油滴索特平均直徑在噴霧末端過(guò)程分別為78.2 和53.2m,與純生物柴油相比,純柴油的油滴破碎更徹底,霧化效果更好,純生物柴油與純柴油混合燃油的油滴索特平均直徑在純生物柴油與純柴油之間,雖然生物柴油的霧化效果較差,但在0號(hào)柴油中適當(dāng)摻入生物柴油既可改善生物柴油霧化性能,又可以替代部分燃油。
2)當(dāng)噴孔長(zhǎng)度不變、噴孔直徑由0.30 降低到0.26 mm時(shí),純柴油與純生物柴油的油滴索特平均直徑分別降低了12.94%,19.57%。適當(dāng)減小噴孔直徑可以改善燃油霧化質(zhì)量。
3)溶氣量對(duì)燃油的霧化效果有很大影響,CO2體積比為5.74%和12.73%的溶氣混合燃油的油滴索特平均直徑比未溶氣時(shí)分別增加了5.3 和12.2m,表明較小溶氣量對(duì)霧化起抑制作用。CO2體積比為26.42%的溶氣混合燃油的油滴索特平均直徑與未溶氣相比降低了13.1m,表明較大溶氣量對(duì)霧化起促進(jìn)作用。
4)當(dāng)噴孔長(zhǎng)度不變、噴孔直徑由0.30 降低到0.26 mm時(shí),CO2體積比為5.74%和12.73%時(shí)對(duì)霧化的抑制作用更大,其油滴索特平均直徑分別增加了8.43%和6.82%。CO2體積比為26.42%時(shí),隨著噴孔直徑的減小其改善霧化的作用得到增強(qiáng),其油滴索特平均直徑降低了26.5%。
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Suitable dissolved gas improving atomization quality of biodiesel/diesel mixed fuel
Ye Lihua1, Liu Tianyu1, Shi Aiping2
(1,.212013,; 2.,,212013,)
In order to improve the atomization quality of biodiesel and diesel-biodiesel blends containing dissolved gas, the Phase doppler particle analyzer(PDPA, a device that can accurately measures the diameter and velocity of droplets in a spray field)was used to analyse the atomization quality of diesel-biodiesel with and without dissolved gas in this paper. ThePDPA measurement system was used to test mixed fuel with different volume ratios(B0、B30、B50、B70、B100) at nozzle diameters of 0.24 and 0.30 mm. The axial velocity and particle size distribution were measured and analyzed. Further, based on the mixed fuel, different volumes of CO2were dissolved therein, and the percentage of dissolved gas in volume was 5.74%, 12.73% and 26.42%, respectively, and the atomization quality of the fuel containing CO2was measured at nozzle diameters of 0.24 and 0.30 mm. The results showed that at a nozzle diameter of 0.24 mm and 0.30 mm, the sauter mean diameter(SMD) of the biodiesel was greater than that of diesel, the average diameter of diesel fuel was 25m lower than that of biodiesel at the axial length of 70 mm, the atomization quality of the mixed fuel was obviously improved compared with that of biodiesel, with the decrease of nozzle diameter , the atomization quality was greatly improved. When the volume content of CO2was 26.42%(C26.42), the droplet size at the axial length of 70 mm was 13.1m smaller than that of B50. The droplet size of the B50 with dissolved gas volume ratio of 5.74%(C5.74) and 12.73%(C12.73) was 5.3 and 12.2m higher than that of B50 at the axial length of 70 mm, respectively. When the nozzle diameter was reduced from 0.30 mm to 0.26 mm, C5.74 and C12.73 had a greater inhibitory effect on atomization and the SMD increased by 8.43% and 6.82%, respectively. The atomization quality of C26.42 was enhanced as the nozzle diameter reduced and the SMD was decreased by 26.5%. The fuel that contains a small amount of CO2had a larger SMD than that of the fuel without dissolved gas, and the inhibition effect on atomization was more obvious with the decrease of nozzle diameter. When the amount of dissolved gas was high, the atomization quality was promoted, and with the decrease of nozzle diameter, the promotion effect was enhanced. This study showed that dissolved gas can improve the atomization quality of biodiesel under certain conditions, dissolved gas in mixed fuel can overcome the disadvantages of high viscosity and density of biodiesel, improve the atomization quality of biodiesel and improve its combustion effect, biodiesel can be better used in internal combustion engines.
biodiesel; emission control; dissolved gas; atomization; high-speed photograph; sauter mean diamter
2018-10-23
2018-11-24
國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃課題(2016YFD0701002);國(guó)家星火計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015GA690172);江蘇省科技支撐計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(BE2016341);內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃燒學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金(GKF2015-004);江蘇省研究生科研創(chuàng)新工程(KYCX18-2247);江蘇高校品牌專業(yè)建設(shè)工程資助項(xiàng)目
葉麗華,副教授,博士。主要從事燃油噴霧研究。Email:yelihua@ujs.edu.cn
10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.06.027
TK421.4
A
1002-6819(2019)-06-0222-07
葉麗華,劉天宇,施愛平. 適宜溶氣量改善生物柴油/柴油混合燃油霧化質(zhì)量[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào),2019,35(6):222-228. doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.06.027 http://www.tcsae.org
Ye Lihua, Liu Tianyu, Shi Aiping. Suitable dissolved gas improving atomization quality of biodiesel/diesel mixed fuel[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2019, 35(6): 222-228. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.06.027 http://www.tcsae.org
農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)2019年6期