魏晉萍
【摘要】本文歸納總結(jié)了反意疑問句的用法:如疑問句部分的主語、謂語動(dòng)詞、肯定與否定等問題。
【關(guān)鍵詞】反意疑問句? 英語? 教學(xué)
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089(2019)15-0108-02
近年來,隨著我市中考改革的不斷深入,反意疑問句在試題中的比例不斷加大,也是教學(xué)大綱強(qiáng)調(diào)的一個(gè)重要教學(xué)點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)結(jié)合多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),將反意疑問句的用法歸納如下:
反意疑問句即附加疑問句,表示說話人提出的建議,看法或意見,需要得到對(duì)方的贊同與否。其結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下兩種:(1)肯定陳述+否定反意疑問句,簡稱為“前肯后否”;(2)否定陳述+肯定反意疑問句,簡稱為“前否后肯”。反意疑問句在人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、性和數(shù)等方面必須與主句保持一致。
一、反意疑問句部分特殊主語的用法
1.當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、詞組或主語從句時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語用it。如:
To learn English is very useful in the future, isnt it?
Eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away, doesnt it?
2.當(dāng)主句的主語是one時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語用one、you、he。如:
One cant be anything he wants, can one/you/he?
One should do his best to study hard ,shouldnt one/you/ he?
3.當(dāng)主句的主語是everyone,everybody, anyone, anybody, some?鄄
one, somebody, no one, nobody等指人的不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語用they, 也可用he。如:
Someone is knocking the door, arent they/isnt he?
Nobody cant work out the question, can they/can he?
二、反意疑問句中的肯定和否定
1.當(dāng)主句部分帶有hardly, hardly ever, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, nothing, no one等詞時(shí),反意疑問部分用肯定形式。如:
He seldom went on a trip alone, did he?
Nothing can stop him going to school, can it?
2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞帶有前綴否定意義的dis或形容詞帶有否定意義的前綴或后綴時(shí),附加疑問句部分仍然用肯定形式。如:
The old man is unhappy today, isnt he?
They disliked playing football in the past, didnt they?
三、“have”在反意疑問中的特殊用法
1.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞“have”表示“有”的意思時(shí),反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞在英式英語用have/has/had/do/does/did在美式英語中do/does/did。如:
Tom has got a soccer ball, hasnt he?(英式英語)
You have an English book, dont you?(美式英語)
2.當(dāng)主句含有“have to”表示“不得不,必須”時(shí),反意疑問的用do/ does/ did如:
Students have to finish their homework, dont they?
He has to get up early to catch the first bus, doesnt he?
四、反意疑問句中的特殊句型
1.當(dāng)主句部分是I wish句型時(shí),附加疑問部分用may I。如:
I wish to come to your party, may I?
I wish I were a bird flying in the sky, may I?
2.當(dāng)主句是I am時(shí),反意疑問句用am I not/arent? I。如:
I am a girl, am I not?
I am very cool, am I not?
3.祈使句中的反意疑問句的用法:
(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑問句用will you,wont you, can you, cant you, could you,would you等表示“請(qǐng)求”“建議”“客氣”“邀請(qǐng)”“不耐煩”等意思。如:
Stop talking about it again and again, will you/can you/cant you?(表厭煩)
Come into the house and have tea with us, can you?(表邀請(qǐng))
(2)否定的祈使句,附加疑問部分用will you。例如:
Dont throw things everywhere, will you?
Dont make noise because your sister is sleeping, will you?
五、特別補(bǔ)充說明
1.在英語中,還有一類特殊反意疑問句,我們稱之為“同向反意疑問句”或“非反意附加疑問句”即“肯定+肯定”或“否定+否定”,它們通常用oh或so等帶有感情色彩的詞語開頭,并且常常 帶有弦外之音,表“驚奇”“憤怒”“威脅”等強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。如:
Oh, you have already known it, have you? (表驚訝)
So he wont come,wont he? (表驚奇,也可能表威脅)
2.有些特殊附加疑問句,其陳述部分和附加部分的關(guān)系比較松散,附加部分只用某些固定表達(dá),例如:用isnt that true?/so,dont you think/agree?/wouldnt you say?/am I right?等以及非正式語中的,right/OK,其形式不受陳述部分的影響,有時(shí)稱之為“不變附加疑問句”如:
You forgot the thing that I told you,am I right?/dont you agree?
She passed her driving license, right?
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]薄冰.《薄冰英語語法指南》,外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2006.
[2]章振邦.《通用英語語法》,上海外語教育出版社,1996.