朱婷婷
摘要 [目的]篩選防治花生蠐螬的10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑拌種的最佳劑量,為該制劑的進一步推廣應用提供參考。[方法]通過田間小區(qū)試驗,比較100 kg種子采用10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑1 200 、1 800、2 400 g,30%毒死蜱微囊懸浮劑(對照藥劑)1 800 g拌種及空白對照5個處理條件下的防蟲和保果效果,研究10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑拌種對花生田蠐螬的安全性、防治效果及最適使用劑量。[結果]10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑拌種防治花生田蠐螬的效果較好,且在設計劑量范圍內(nèi),隨著10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑劑量的增加,防蟲和保果效果均有所提高,其中,100 kg 花生種子使用10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑2 400 g拌種,防蟲和保果效果均最佳。[結論]綜合考慮,100 kg 花生種子使用10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑2 400 g拌種,可有效防治花生田蠐螬。
關鍵詞 10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑;花生;蠐螬;藥效試驗
中圖分類號 S 435.2 ?文獻標識碼 A
文章編號 0517-6611(2019)12-0168-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.12.046
開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Abstract [Objective] To screen the optimum dosage of 10% thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension for the control of peanut grubs and to provide reference for its further popularization and application. [Method] Field plot experiments were conducted to compare the insect control and fruit preservation effects of 10% thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension on peanut grubs under five treatments: 1 200 , 1 800 , 2 400 g, 30% chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension (control agent) 1 800 g and blank control. The safety, control effect and optimal dosage of 10% thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension on peanut grubs were studied. [Result] The effect of 10% thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension seed dressing on controlling peanut grubs in the field was better, and within the designed dose range, with the increase of 10% thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension dose, the effect of insect prevention and fruit preservation was improved. Among them, 2 400 g thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension seed dressing with 10% thiamethoxazine was used for every 100 kg of peanut seeds, and the effect of insect prevention and fruit preservation was the best. [Conclusion] Taking into account, 10% thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension 2 400 g per 100 kg of peanut seeds can effectively prevent and control the adverse effects of grubs on peanut production.
Key words 10% Thiamethoxazine microcapsule suspension;Peanut;Grubs;Efficacy test
花生是我國主要的油料作物和經(jīng)濟作物之一,總產(chǎn)量居我國油料作物之首。近年來,隨著沿淮地區(qū)花生種植面積的不斷增長及少免耕栽培技術的推廣普及,土壤連作面積越來越大,以蠐螬為主的地下害蟲危害逐漸加重,造成缺苗斷壟甚至顆粒無收,導致花生品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量嚴重下降,給沿淮地區(qū)的大豆生產(chǎn)造成巨大損失[1-2]。蠐螬屬鞘翅目金龜甲科,為金龜甲(金龜子)幼蟲的統(tǒng)稱,蠐螬食性廣泛,危害多種農(nóng)作物、經(jīng)濟作物和花卉苗木,其中花生田發(fā)生最為嚴重,其幼蟲喜食花生剛萌發(fā)的種子、幼苗的根和莖,而成蟲喜食葉片、嫩芽,是花生的主要地下害蟲之一[3]。因此,如何高效、長效、低毒、低殘留和簡便地控制蠐螬成為花生生產(chǎn)中急需解決的問題。10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑作為一種高效內(nèi)吸性廣譜殺蟲劑,具有低毒、長效的特點[4]。鑒于此,筆者利用10%噻蟲嗪微囊懸浮劑進行花生拌種開展田間試驗,以期為更好地防治花生地蠐螬提供科學依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗地概況
試驗在安徽省淮南市毛集實驗區(qū)喬口村進行,試驗地地勢平坦,質(zhì)地為壤土,肥力中等,灌溉便利,排水條件良好。常年小麥和花生輪作,前茬作物為玉米,蠐螬發(fā)生偏重?;ㄉシN前,采取機械播種,起壟覆膜栽培,壟距×壟面寬×壟高為80 cm×50 cm×10 cm,每壟雙行播種,穴距12 cm,每穴2~3粒種子。結合當?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實際,保證各試驗小區(qū)肥水管理等條件一致。