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NK1受體基因多態(tài)性與腹腔鏡手術(shù)PONV的相關(guān)性分析

2019-08-15 01:54鄒聰華鄭曉春陳燁
中國醫(yī)學創(chuàng)新 2019年3期

鄒聰華 鄭曉春 陳燁

【摘要】 目的:探討NK1受體基因多態(tài)性與婦科腹腔鏡患者術(shù)后惡心嘔吐(PONV)發(fā)生率的相關(guān)性。方法:選擇80例擇期全麻婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù)患者,年齡18~65歲。術(shù)前采集外周靜脈血5 mL,使用基因組DNA提取試劑盒抽取DNA,運用等位基因特異擴增法進行NK1受體基因分型,采用DNA測序儀直接測序?qū)K1受體的單核苷酸基因多態(tài)性進行分型。觀察患者術(shù)后惡心嘔吐發(fā)生頻率和時間、惡心評分、疼痛評分、鎮(zhèn)痛藥物用量、止吐藥的使用情況等。在本研究中嘔吐和干嘔均視為嘔吐事件,并記錄患者術(shù)中術(shù)后循環(huán)狀態(tài)及其他不良反應(yīng)的情況。結(jié)果:按照單核苷酸基因變異位點篩選出,野生型純合子(wt/wt組)21例(26.3%),雜合子(wt/mut組)25例(31.3%),突變基因型純合子(mut/mut組)34例(42.5%),mut/mut組6例發(fā)生PONV,發(fā)生率為17.6%,其發(fā)生率低于其他兩組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:NK1受體基因多態(tài)性與中國女性人群PONV發(fā)生率具有相關(guān)性,其中突變純合子的PONV發(fā)生率較低。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 NK1受體; PONV; 單核苷酸基因多態(tài)性

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the relationship of common genomic variations of NK1 receptor gene and the incidence of postoperative vomiting in patients underwent laparoscopic surgery.Method:We conducted a prospective observational study design of 80 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery,aged 18 to 65 years old. 5 mL peripheral blood before surgery was collected,genomic DNA extraction kit was used to extract DNA,allele-specific amplification was used to genotype NK1 receptor gene,and DNA sequencing was used to genotype single nucleotide polymorphism of NK1 receptor.The rates and time and score of nausea and vomiting were measured,and the VAS,the dosage of analgesic and antemetic were measured as well.Vomiting and retching were considered vomiting events in this study,we also recorded the circulation perioperative and the adverse reaction.Result:According to the variable sit of single nucleotide polymorphisms,we found three types,21 cases of homozygous wild type(wt/wt group,26.3%),25 cases of mutant heterozygote(wt/mut group,31.3%),34 cases of homozygous mutant(mut/mut group,42.5%).There were 6 patients had PONV in homozygous mutant group,the total incidence was 17.6% which was lower than the others(P<0.05).Conclusion:The genomic variations of the NK1 receptor gene has a relationship of postoperative vomiting and nausea in patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery,and the incidence of PONV in homozygous mutant is lower than those of the others.

【Key words】 NK1 receptor; PONV; Single nucleotide polymorphisms

First-authors address:College of Fujian Provincial Hospital,F(xiàn)ujian Medical University,F(xiàn)uzhou 350001,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.03.001

手術(shù)后惡心嘔吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)治療手段效果有限,是圍術(shù)期醫(yī)學中困擾著麻醉科和外科醫(yī)生的問題。PONV可誘發(fā)一系列并發(fā)癥,但其與基因的關(guān)系尚不清楚。研究表明,P物質(zhì)(SP)是由神經(jīng)細胞和胃腸道內(nèi)分泌細胞產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源性遞質(zhì),存在于胃腸嗜鉻細胞以及迷走神經(jīng)、孤束核、極后區(qū)等嘔吐產(chǎn)生的關(guān)鍵部位,與PONV關(guān)系密切[1-3]。而P物質(zhì)與P物質(zhì)受體1(NK1受體,NK1R)的親和力最大,因此本研究擬研究NK1R基因多態(tài)性與腹腔鏡手術(shù)PONV的相關(guān)性?,F(xiàn)報道如下。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理 采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計軟件分析實驗數(shù)據(jù),基因測序結(jié)果采用Chromas和Mutation軟件分析。字2檢驗用于檢測NK1受體基因型基因頻率是否符合Hardy-Weinberg(H-W)平衡定律。計量資料以(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗或Mann-Whitney檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 三組一般資料比較 三組患者年齡、體重、BMI比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),見表2。

2.2 三組生命體征和疼痛評分比較 三組患者入室后即刻、氣腹后15 min、手術(shù)結(jié)束時、拔管時4個時間點的MAP、HR比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),見表3;三組患者術(shù)后15 min,術(shù)后2、6、24 h VAS評分均<3分,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),見表4。

2.3 基因型測定情況 檢測NK1受體基因rs位點,按照變異位點篩選出野生型基因純合子(wt/wt)21例(26.3%),雜合子(wt/mut)25例(31.3%),突變基因純合子(mut/mut)34例(42.5%)。wt/wt組、wt/mut組、mut/mut組PONV發(fā)生率分別為52.3%、48.0%、17.6%,mut/mut組患者PONV發(fā)生率低于其他兩組(P<0.05),見表5。

3 討論

術(shù)后惡心嘔吐(PONV)是全身麻醉后最常見的并發(fā)癥之一,雖然PONV具有自限性,但已被引述為比術(shù)后疼痛更不舒服的癥狀[4]。PONV還可引起傷口裂開、出血、血腫、脫水、胃黏膜損傷及誤吸等并發(fā)癥,導致患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量下降,住院時間延長,醫(yī)療費用增加。近年來隨著腹腔鏡下微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的廣泛開展,PONV的高發(fā)生率困擾著臨床醫(yī)生和患者,與微創(chuàng)的理念不符。該類患者PONV的發(fā)生率可高達50%以上[5-9],因此本研究選擇腹腔鏡下婦科手術(shù)的患者為研究對象。

相關(guān)研究表明,神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)及其受體在嘔吐過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,5-HT3和P物質(zhì)為嘔吐的兩個關(guān)鍵物質(zhì),5-HT3的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)作用及其基因多態(tài)性研究已有報道[10-14]。P物質(zhì)(SP)是由神經(jīng)細胞和胃腸道內(nèi)分泌細胞產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)源性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),存在于胃腸嗜鉻細胞以及迷走神經(jīng)、孤束核、極后區(qū)等嘔吐產(chǎn)生的關(guān)鍵部位[15-16]。研究表明給水貂注射P物質(zhì)會引起嘔吐[17]。

P物質(zhì)的受體分為NK1R、NK2R、NK3R三個亞型。其中P物質(zhì)與NK1R的親和力最大,因而NK1R又稱為P物質(zhì)受體。P物質(zhì)受體在中樞及外周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、呼吸道及消化道的內(nèi)皮細胞、平滑肌細胞和免疫細胞等處均有分布[18-20]。NK1受體拮抗劑如CP-99,994、CP-22,721、GR203040及GR205171可對抗嗎啡、順鈾、硫酸銅、辣根、運動等多種致吐因素引起的嘔吐,具有廣譜的抗嘔吐作用[21-22]。因此,本文選擇研究NK1受體基因多態(tài)性和PONV的相關(guān)性。

本研究選擇的位點分別為rs6715729(TACTGGCGAAGACAGCGGCGATGGGA/GA AGAAGTTGTGGAACTTGCAGTAGA)和rs34117315(AGGACGGCCCCAAGGCCACACCCTCA/GTCC CTGGACC TGACCTCCAACTGCT),從NCBI基因庫選取,位于3端、5端或外顯子區(qū)域的SNPs位點且此等位基因頻率在中國漢族人群大于10%,且既往相關(guān)文獻研究資料表明具有臨床意義的NK1R的SNPs位點,其選擇具有代表性。

根據(jù)rs6715729和rs34117315位點的變異情況篩選出野生型純合子(wt/wt)21例(26.3%),雜合子(wt/mut)25例(31.3%),突變基因型純合子(mut/mut)34例(42.5%)。通過對NK1受體基因分布進行檢驗,證明其符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。三組PONV發(fā)生率分別為52.4%、48.0%、17.6%,結(jié)果表明,突變基因純合子組PONV發(fā)生率遠低于其他兩類患者(P<0.05)。因此在術(shù)后止吐配方上,應(yīng)結(jié)合本次試驗結(jié)果,根據(jù)NK1R基因型的不同而加強止吐藥的使用,在藥物劑量、強度和用藥周期上給予調(diào)整,并可考慮使用多模式的止吐藥物,如使用新型的NK1R拮抗劑,同時減少阿片類藥物的用量。

綜上所述,采用等位基因特異擴增法進行NK1受體基因分型可靠、準確。NK1受體基因多態(tài)性與PONV的個體差異存在相關(guān)性,NK1R基因多態(tài)性的篩選對指導臨床合理止吐、實現(xiàn)個體化用藥具有一定的臨床應(yīng)用價值。

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(收稿日期:2018-09-30) (本文編輯:程旭然)