陸遙

記浙江省歐洲系列文化交流活動(dòng)

捷克人贊嘆于龍泉青瓷的美好，德國(guó)百姓感受到浙江豐富多彩的非遺資源，失傳千年重獲新生的甌樂(lè)表演……讓與會(huì)嘉賓近距離領(lǐng)略了浙江的文化內(nèi)涵。

浙江省歐洲系列文化交流活動(dòng)日前相繼在捷克皮爾森州和德國(guó)基爾開(kāi)啟。伴隨著兩場(chǎng)主題展覽，歷史悠久、絢麗多姿的浙江文化，給歐洲人帶去了美的享受。

絲茶瓷：絲路上的跨文化對(duì)話

“絲茶瓷：絲綢之路上的跨文化對(duì)話”在捷克皮爾森州啟幕后，收獲了諸多關(guān)注。本次展覽是2019年浙江省歐洲系列文化交流活動(dòng)的第一站，通過(guò)浙江絲茶瓷精品的展示、文化符號(hào)的傳播、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的交流互動(dòng)等，詳細(xì)介紹了絲綢、茶和瓷器在浙江幾千年來(lái)的演變歷史和藝術(shù)變化，從絲茶瓷的歷史淵源、東西方互通交流、藝術(shù)傳承和發(fā)展等方面全面展示了“絲茶瓷”的歷史底蘊(yùn)和文化內(nèi)涵。

當(dāng)天的開(kāi)幕式上，一段旋律優(yōu)美的傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器演奏首先吸引了大家的注意。由慈溪市青瓷甌樂(lè)藝術(shù)團(tuán)帶來(lái)的甌樂(lè)表演，將傳統(tǒng)青瓷作為樂(lè)器演繹甌樂(lè)，與傳統(tǒng)文化完美融合。而更為引人注目的是高挑靚麗的捷克女模們穿上杭州旗袍的一場(chǎng)走秀。

這組極具杭州特色的旗袍并非第一次展示了。去年，“杭州全球旗袍日”期間，在中國(guó)絲綢博物館策劃下，浙江理工大學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)制作了這一組旗袍。當(dāng)時(shí)，由中國(guó)模特穿著這組旗袍，走過(guò)西子湖、雷峰塔，還在中國(guó)絲綢博物館主場(chǎng)秀過(guò)，驚艷四座。本次，在捷克共和國(guó)皮爾森州，由捷克模特穿著這組旗袍再次亮相，展示了分外秀美的跨文化交流，也推動(dòng)了杭州絲綢在國(guó)際上的影響力日益增長(zhǎng)。

失傳千年重獲新生的甌樂(lè)表演和極具浙江特色的絲綢服飾走秀，讓與會(huì)嘉賓近距離領(lǐng)略了浙江的文化內(nèi)涵。

展覽以“絲瓷茶”跨文化對(duì)話為主線，以絲綢、青瓷展示為主，茶文化體驗(yàn)為輔，通過(guò)融合式并進(jìn)的展陳形式，圍繞“源、路、藝、器（物）、融”5個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞講述中國(guó)浙江絲瓷茶的故事。

絲、茶、瓷的工藝展示成為本次展覽的亮點(diǎn)。展覽特設(shè)多個(gè)演示和互動(dòng)區(qū)域，特別是代表蠶桑絲織技藝的緙絲機(jī)操作展示、龍泉青瓷刻花表演、龍井茶禮表演、絲綢之路互動(dòng)地圖和甌樂(lè)演奏，使觀眾可以據(jù)此了解中國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的博大精深。在龍泉青瓷展區(qū)，捷克皮爾森州兩位副州長(zhǎng)對(duì)龍泉青瓷的刻花工藝表示了極大的興趣，在仔細(xì)觀察了張晞大師的刻花表演后，還親手在青瓷盤(pán)上刻下了自己的簽名。

中國(guó)絲綢博物館工作人員表示，本次展覽得到了龍泉市人民政府和中國(guó)茶葉博物館的大力支持，受到了當(dāng)?shù)赜^眾極大的歡迎。展覽所準(zhǔn)備的蠶繭紀(jì)念品和小茶包在幾分鐘內(nèi)被一取而空，觀眾們紛紛為能切身體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化而感到榮幸。

值得一提的是，浙江和捷克在文化和旅游方面的交流精彩紛呈，成果豐碩。去年10月，浙江-捷克友好關(guān)系慶祝晚宴暨捷克共和國(guó)獨(dú)立100周年國(guó)慶招待會(huì)在浙江（中國(guó)絲綢博物館）舉行，浙江（中國(guó)絲綢博物館）也積極籌備在今年10月舉辦“絲綢之路上的跨文化對(duì)話：捷克之夜”活動(dòng)。

非遺展：“策展顧問(wèn)”

來(lái)自400年前

在德國(guó)基爾，一場(chǎng)“小而美”的展覽吸引了許多人的目光。它叫“美麗中國(guó)?詩(shī)畫(huà)浙江——浙江省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)展”。浙江省4位非遺代表性傳承人、21個(gè)非遺項(xiàng)目共57件（套）作品參加展示展演活動(dòng)。

其實(shí)，近年來(lái)，浙江非遺去國(guó)外展示的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越多。在發(fā)掘、保護(hù)方面的成績(jī)單非常漂亮，截至2018年，浙江共有217項(xiàng)國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，196位國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人，均居全國(guó)首位;被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作的有10項(xiàng)，在全國(guó)也名列前茅。同時(shí)，浙江公布的5批省級(jí)非遺名錄項(xiàng)目共886項(xiàng)，各地公布的市級(jí)非遺名錄項(xiàng)目4296項(xiàng)、縣級(jí)非遺名錄項(xiàng)目9314項(xiàng)。

在浙江如此豐富的非遺文化資源項(xiàng)目中，為何偏偏將這21項(xiàng)帶到國(guó)外進(jìn)行展示呢？這得從這次展覽的策展理念說(shuō)起。

這次的“美麗中國(guó)?詩(shī)畫(huà)浙江——浙江省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)展”從文化地理角度進(jìn)行策劃，圍繞“山、海、澤”等獨(dú)具浙江地理風(fēng)貌特色的文化背景，以“生命、生存、生活”作為展覽關(guān)鍵詞，展示浙江優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承發(fā)展的生命力和創(chuàng)造力。

能提出這樣策展理念的人顯然不簡(jiǎn)單。而這位特別的“策展顧問(wèn)”竟然來(lái)自400年前。他叫王士性，是明代的學(xué)者、旅行家、地理學(xué)家。他還是如今大家都熟知的“詩(shī)與遠(yuǎn)方的代言人”徐霞客的偶像，被徐霞客尊稱為“王十岳”。

“十岳”是什么？“恒山、華山、嵩山、泰山、衡山”并稱“五岳”的說(shuō)法，我們是非常熟悉的了。王士性寫(xiě)過(guò)一本書(shū)，叫《五岳游草》，其中就記述了他登五岳的心得體會(huì)。而徐霞客只到過(guò)五岳中的三岳。王士性兩登五岳的豪舉，令徐霞客十分敬仰，因此尊稱他為“王十岳”。正是在讀了王士性的《五岳游草》后，徐霞客才重游天臺(tái)山，最終留下“徐霞客三游天臺(tái)山”的傳說(shuō)。

王士性將浙江劃分為“山、海、澤”，他在《廣志繹》中這樣寫(xiě)到：“杭、嘉、湖平原水鄉(xiāng)，是為澤國(guó)之民;金、衢、嚴(yán)，處丘陵險(xiǎn)阻，是為山谷之民;寧、紹、臺(tái)、溫連山大海，是為海濱之民。三民各自為俗。澤國(guó)之民，舟楫為居，百貨所聚，閭閻易于富貴，俗尚奢侈，縉紳氣勢(shì)大而眾庶小;山谷之民，石氣所鐘，猛烈鷙愎，輕犯刑法，喜習(xí)儉素，然豪民頗負(fù)氣，聚黨羽而傲縉紳;海濱之民，餐風(fēng)宿水，百死一生，以有海利為生不甚窮，以不通商販不甚富，閭閻與縉紳相安，官民得貴賤之中，俗尚居奢儉之半……”

在他看來(lái)，一個(gè)地方的民眾的生活、生產(chǎn)方式完全受當(dāng)?shù)氐牡乩憝h(huán)境影響，而這些生活與生產(chǎn)決定了這片土地上的人們的民風(fēng)與文化。也因此，想要展現(xiàn)一個(gè)地域的文化樣貌，從地理環(huán)境入手不失為一種客觀的表達(dá)。

再回頭看看展覽，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些都是極具地域特點(diǎn)的項(xiàng)目。平原水鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)，人們對(duì)于精神生活與文化的追求，讓他們?cè)诠P墨紙硯書(shū)畫(huà)方面有著獨(dú)特的審美與造詣;山區(qū)丘陵地區(qū)，土、竹、木這些來(lái)自自然的饋贈(zèng)，讓人們找到了自己的文化傳承載體與脈絡(luò);而沿海地區(qū)，寬廣的海洋給了這里的人們無(wú)窮的想象，精湛的造船技藝，讓他們能夠去向更遼闊的遠(yuǎn)方……

Zhejiang?Showcased?in?Czech，?Germany

By?Lu?Yao

Exhibition?of?Silk，?Tea?and

Celadon?in?Plzen

May?24，?2019?saw?the?launching?of?Silk，?Tea，?Celadon：?An?Intercultural?Dialogue?on?the?Silk?Road，?an?exhibition?featuring?Zhejiang?in?Plzen，?a?city?of?the?western?Czech?Republic?southwest?of?Prague.?It?was?the?first?stop?of?a?Zhejiang?exhibition?project?for?Europe?in?2019，?chiefly?organized?by?China?National?Silk?Museum，?and?sponsored?by?Zhejiang?Administration?of?Culture?and?Tourism.?Government?officials?from?Zhejiang?and?Plzen?as?well?as?representatives?from?all?walks?life?in?Plzen?attended?the?opening?ceremony.

In?five?parts，?the?exhibition?showcased?Zhejiang?as?one?of?the?cradles?of?tea，?silk，?and?porcelain?making?in?China?through?an?array?of?exhibits.?The?fine?artifacts?presented?the?best?workmanship?that?has?been?carried?on?in?the?province?for?thousands?of?years.

A?group?of?musicians?from?Cixi，?a?city?in?eastern?Zhejiang，?played?music?on?musical?instruments?made?of?celadon，?giving?the?traditional?fine?porcelain?a?sound?that?rarely?gets?heard?in?the?world.?Local?models?of?Czech?staged?a?fashion?show?of?Qipao，?a?traditional?gown?designed?and?made?in?Hangzhou.?It?wasnt?the?first?time?that?the?gowns?were?presented.?Commissioned?by?the?China?National?Silk?Museum?and?designed?by?a?group?of?young?talents?from?Zhejiang?Sci-Tech?University，?this?dazzling?batch?of?Qipao?made?its?debut?on?the?Hangzhou?International?Qipao?Day?in?September?2018.?Chinese?models?presented?the?elegant?Qipao?pieces?at?lakeside?scenic?spots?as?well?as?at?the?China?National?Silk?Museum.?The?fashion?show?in?Plzen?was?the?first?international?debut?of?the?Qipao?pieces.

At?the?exhibition，?craftspeople?from?Zhejiang?demonstrated?techniques?used?in?silk?processing，?tea?processing?and?celadon?making.?Ivo?Gruner?and?Redka?Trylcova，?both?deputy?governors?of?Plzen，?tried?their?hands?at?engraving?their?names?onto?celadon?pieces，?after?watching?a?demonstration?by?a?celadon?master?surnamed?Zhang，?from?Longquan?where?celadon?originated?and?has?flourished?since?hundreds?of?years?ago.

At?the?launching?ceremony?of?the?exhibition，?the?China?National?Silk?Museum?distributed?a?great?number?of?silkworm?cocoons?and?teabags?as?gifts，?which?got?grabbed?up?in?a?few?minutes.?It?was?not?the?first?time?when?the?museum?was?involved?in?the?promotion?of?the?friendly?relations?between?China?and?Czech.

It?hosted?a?celebration?on?its?venue?in?October?2018?in?honor?of?the?friendship?relations?between?the?province?and?Czech?and?in?commemoration?of?the?100th?anniversary?of?the?independence?of?Czech.?Preparations?are?underway?for?the?province?to?hold?a?Czech?night?at?the?museum?in?October?2019?featuring?an?intercultural?dialogue?on?the?Silk?Road.

Heritage?Exhibition?in?Kiel

Zhejiang?launched?a?cultural?heritage?exhibition?in?Kiel，?the?capital?and?most?populous?city?in?the?northern?German?state?of?Schleswig-Holstein，?on?May?29，?2019.?Four?heritage?masters?from?Zhejiang?attended?the?ceremony.?The?exhibition?presented?57?pieces/sets?of?artifacts?classified?in?21?intangible?cultural?heritage?categories.?The?leader?of?safeguarding?and?promoting?cultural?heritage?in?China，?Zhejiang?had?217?items?inscribed?as?intangible?cultural?heritage?and?196?heritage?masters?recognized?by?the?national?government?at?the?end?of?2018.?Ten?of?the?217?items?are?on?the?UNESCO?Representative?List?of?the?Intangible?Cultural?Heritage?of?Humanity.?The?province?maintains?its?own?lists?of?heritage?categories?and?items?which?are?much?more?numerous?than?at?the?national?level.

The?21?categories?showcased?at?the?exhibition?were?picked?on?the?basis?of?an?idea?originally?put?forward?about?400?years?ago?by?Wang?Shixing?（1547-1598），?a?native?of?Taizhou，?Zhejiang?and?a?scholar，?traveler，?and?cultural?geographer.?In?a?book，?Wang?divides?the?province?into?three?geographic?blocks：?Hangzhou，?Jiaxing?and?Huzhou?in?northern?Zhejiang?are?a?land?of?waters;?Jinhua，?Quzhou?and?Yanzhou?in?central?and?western?Zhejiang?are?full?of?mountains;?whereas?Ningbo，?Shaoxing，?Taizhou?and?Wenzhou?are?coastal?regions.?In?the?book?the?scholar?goes?on?to?discuss?how?the?geographic?features?shaped?and?conditioned?the?local?cultures?and?lifestyles?in?the?three?different?blocks.?As?we?understand?him?today，?what?he?says?can?be?summarized?as?following：?how?people?in?a?region?make?a?living?is?largely?determined?by?the?geographic?characteristics?of?the?region，?which?in?turn?helps?determine?the?regional?culture?and?lifestyle.?If?we?want?to?present?the?cultural?dimensions?of?a?region，?geographic?characteristics?can?be?a?relatively?objective?departure?point.

The?twenty-one?varieties?of?the?heritage?items?were?chosen?to?present?Zhejiang?in?the?way?defined?by?Wang?Shixing?about?400?years?ago.?In?a?sense，?Wang?can?be?considered?the?mastermind?of?the?exhibition.?The?exhibition?showed?that?the?people?in?the?north?invented?special?ways?to?make?traditional?stationery?and?the?region?has?produced?a?large?galaxy?of?artists?since?very?ancient?times;?the?people?in?the?mountains?have?invented?ways?to?use?wood?and?bamboo?in?their?life;?and?the?people?in?coastal?regions?built?boats?and?sailed.?The?presentation?was?organized?in?a?way?suitable?for?presenting?Zhejiang?to?western?audiences.