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高考新題型

2019-09-10 07:22:44趙清娥
教育周報·教育論壇 2019年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:挖空代詞選項

趙清娥

高考英語七選五題型主要考查上下文的理解與推斷,雖然文章整體難度一般低于閱讀理解,但是卻給很多考生造成了很大的心理障礙。七個選項中選五個,比四個選項中選一個干擾性更大,很多考生在做這個題目時,總有種眼花繚亂、心煩氣躁的感覺,致使往往準確率不高。因此,首先要克服心理障礙,同時要注意方式方法。

一、高考大綱要求

試題模式:給出一篇缺少5個句子的文章,對應有七個選項,要求考生根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容,選出正確的句子,填入相應的空白處。

考查重點:《考試說明》對七選五命題目的表述為“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?!边@種命題形式體現(xiàn)了《新課程標準》中“用英語獲取、處理和運用信息的能力;逐步獲取用英語思維的能力”這一要求。

選項特點:主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容),過渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu)),注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)

二、高考熱點重溫

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.

I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.

A. This time there was no tent.

B. Things are going to be improved.

C. The trip they took me on was a roughone.

D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.

E. I must say that I have certainly come toenjoy camping.

F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.

G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.

語篇解讀:本文為記敘文:三年前,如果有人說我會將大部分周末用來野營,我會開懷大笑。但也就是從那時起,我開始野營并深深迷戀上它。相信有一天,你也會回到大自然中去。

36. D 解析:過渡句。根據(jù)前文可知三年前作者認為露營和自己無關(guān),而后文中表明作者熱愛露營,暗示此處作者對待露營的情感態(tài)度應該出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折。D選項中句末的however表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

37. C 解析:過渡句。根據(jù)后文We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.可知作者第一次露營條件很艱苦,C選項The trip they took me on was a rough one. rough是解題的關(guān)鍵。

38. A 解析:細節(jié)句。根據(jù)前文We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire...可知作者第一次露營時住帳篷,露天生火做飯,走很遠的距離去洗澡、上廁所,條件很艱苦,而后文中Instead, we had a pop-up camper ...說明作者第二次露營有床有空調(diào)。A選項This time there was no tent. 此句暗示作者進行了第二次露營,而且條件比較好,符合語境。

39. F 解析:過渡句。根據(jù)后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer ...可知作者一家為了露營買了房車,里面設備齊全,說明作者一家人是喜歡露營的。F選項符合語境。

40. E 解析:總結(jié)句。根據(jù)后文It must be true that ...in style.可知作者希望每個人能找到適合自己的回歸自然的方法,而根據(jù)前文可知作者回歸自然的方式就是露營。E選項既是對文章第一段中作者態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的一個總結(jié),也很好地銜接了后文。

三、解題技巧

解答七選五類型的題目時,首先要快速閱讀全文要點詞句,包括首尾段、首尾句以及獨立成段的句子和文章中帶轉(zhuǎn)折詞的句子等,目的是為了掌握文章的主要內(nèi)容。但是由于整篇文章空缺了五處,文章的整個結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯是被打斷的,要求考生在段時間內(nèi)掌握文章要點或邏輯思路是很困難的。對此,考生可以通過關(guān)注文章挖空所在的位置,利用相應的策略找到適當?shù)倪x項回填文章。

技法一挖空在段首

通常是段落主題句。通常情況下段落的中心都會出現(xiàn)在本段的開頭部分。因此可以根據(jù)段落表達內(nèi)容一致性原則,推斷出該段的主題句。

技法二挖空在段尾

通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。

技法三挖空在段中

挖空位置如果在段中,這時要根據(jù)空格前后的句子意思、備選選項的句子意思以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案,所填句子含義應與前句、后句保持一致。七選五考查的是語篇的連貫性和一致性,因此就要使用到各種達到連貫性的銜接手段,即:詞匯銜接、代詞銜接、邏輯銜接等。

1. 詞匯復現(xiàn)法線索一般來說,上下文中詞匯的范疇越小,上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。復現(xiàn)的形式主要包括原詞復現(xiàn)、同(近)義詞復現(xiàn)、反義詞復現(xiàn)等。

2.代詞線索英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高,代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念,巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。

3. 邏輯關(guān)系線索

(a) 并列與遞進關(guān)系:and, or, also, neither...nor..., either... or..., likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, what is more, for example, in other words, second, secondly等。

(b)因果關(guān)系:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, as a result/consequence, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, because of, in that, for this reason, of course等。

(c)轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系:but, however, yet, otherwise, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of等。

(d)時間關(guān)系:afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with,to begin with, in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly,then, third, thirdly等以及一些具體的時間。

七選五口訣:文章標題猜大意段首段尾主題句空前空后邏輯性同義舉例與對比代詞冠詞大小寫標點符號關(guān)鍵詞相似句式或排比多個條款要對應

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