Pathways to Success（Ⅳ）

Operate with Transparency and Accountability

Transparency requires that the Federal agencies share how they are maximizing outcomes of Federal STEM investments and activities in support of this plan and ensuring broad? benefit? to? the public.

This pathway lays out the interagency efforts to create the capabilities and infrastructure necessary to achieve transparency and accountability and thereby maximize benefits to the public of Federal STEM education policies and investments. There are five objectives under this pathway：

●Leverage and Scale Evidence-Based Practices Across STEM Communities

Evidence on what STEM education programs and practices work for whom and under what conditions can be found across a range of studies， from early knowledge-generating studies， to design and development projects， to rigorous impact evaluations and full-scale implementation of programs， policies， or practices.

After a promising STEM education program， practice， or policy is identified， Federal agencies should build on the existing evidence base and leverage agency resources and funding mechanisms， as available， to scale and implement it more broadly.

Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include： Broadly identify and disseminate effective STEM education programs， practices， and policies， including preK-12 formal and informal， undergraduate， graduate， and lifelong learning.

●Report Participation Rates of Underrepresented Groups

In serving the American public， Federal agencies have a responsibility to provide broad access to their programs and to be accountable for ensuring that Federal activities are fully open and accessible to all members of the population. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Establish a clear baseline of current status that includes the number of agencies/programs that currently report demographic information， current participation rates of members of underrepresented/underserved groups， and documentation of agencies’ commitment to broadening participation.

·Set goals for improved reporting， particularly for formal and longer-term programs such as those that provide support towards earning a degree.

·Develop a pathway to improved tracking and reporting， with milestones.

●Use Common Metrics to Measure Progress

Developing and implementing common metrics and shared measures for tracking progress towards the attainment of the goals set forth in this plan are essential to realizing the goals of cross-agency coordination and accountability in STEM education and being responsive to legislative requirements.

A number of actions are proposed throughout this plan. In the implementation phase of the plan， agencies will work together to develop appropriate metrics for tracking progress towards the goals and objectives， taking into account the variable nature of Federal programs， investments， and activities. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Consistently use and report current metrics for assessing the effectiveness of Federal STEM education programs， investments， and activities.

·Develop and report additional metrics needed to measure progress towards the objectives presented in this strategic plan.

●Make Program Performance and Outcomes Publicly Available

Achieving transparency requires not only common metrics that underscore how different agencies’ initiatives complement and support the achievement of the Nation’s STEM education goals， but also a commitment to coordinated communication about agencies’ programs and their effects on STEM literacy， workforce development， and diversity in STEM. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Inventory and disseminate examples and templates， best practices， and lessons learned for effectively sharing program performance， data， and outcomes with stakeholders.

·Provide a public resource for monitoring Federal program performance and outcomes， such as a dashboard that visually tracks， analyzes， and displays common performance metrics.

●Develop a Federal Implementation Plan and Track Progress

Under the guidance of the FC-STEM Subcommittee， the Federal agencies engaged in STEM education will collaborate to develop a consolidated implementation plan， including additional actions to achieve the goals and objectives described in this strategic plan.

In order to facilitate the development of this interagency implementation plan， an interagency group will be convened shortly after the publication of this plan to develop an implementation template for agencies to provide the information required. Using this template， the member agencies will provide to FC-STEM their agency-specific information to be incorporated into the overall Federal implementation plan. The implementation plan is intended to be a living document， with updates by FC-STEM as needed.

譯文

通往成功的道路（四）

建立信息高度透明和問(wèn)責(zé)制的管理制度

信息高度透明的管理制度要求聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)分享如何最大限度地提高聯(lián)邦STEM投資和活動(dòng)成果，以支持該計(jì)劃，并確保廣泛造福于公眾。

這條途徑列出了聯(lián)邦政府各機(jī)構(gòu)間為實(shí)現(xiàn)信息高度透明和問(wèn)責(zé)制所需的能力和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施所做的努力，從而使聯(lián)邦政府的STEM教育政策和投資更有效地服務(wù)于公眾，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)利益最大化。為此還專(zhuān)門(mén)提出五個(gè)子目標(biāo)：

●開(kāi)展STEM領(lǐng)域基于證據(jù)的研究及實(shí)踐

從早期的知識(shí)生成研究，到設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目，再到嚴(yán)格的影響評(píng)估和項(xiàng)目、政策或?qū)嵺`的全面實(shí)施，聯(lián)邦政府可以通過(guò)一系列研究找到STEM教育項(xiàng)目和實(shí)踐在何種條件下為誰(shuí)工作的證據(jù)。

在確定一個(gè)有前途的STEM教育項(xiàng)目、實(shí)踐或政策之后，聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該在現(xiàn)有證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上，利用現(xiàn)有的機(jī)構(gòu)資源和資助機(jī)制，擴(kuò)大并更廣泛地實(shí)施它。

為了達(dá)到該目標(biāo)，聯(lián)邦政府需要廣泛確定和傳播有效的STEM教育項(xiàng)目、實(shí)踐和政策，包括K-12正式和非正式、本科、研究生和終身學(xué)習(xí)。

●跟蹤不同群體接受STEM教育的參與率

在為美國(guó)公眾服務(wù)的過(guò)程中，聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任為其項(xiàng)目提供廣泛的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)渠道，確保聯(lián)邦活動(dòng)完全開(kāi)放，并向所有公民開(kāi)放。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)，聯(lián)邦政府需要：

·建立明確的現(xiàn)狀基線(xiàn)，包括目前報(bào)告人口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的機(jī)構(gòu)或方案的數(shù)量、代表不足或服務(wù)不足群體成員的當(dāng)前參與率，以及機(jī)構(gòu)承諾擴(kuò)大參與的文件記錄。

·為改進(jìn)報(bào)告設(shè)定目標(biāo)，特別是那些正式的和長(zhǎng)期的項(xiàng)目，比如那些為獲得學(xué)位提供支持的項(xiàng)目。

·制定改進(jìn)跟蹤和報(bào)告的途徑，并設(shè)置里程碑。

●制定通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范管理項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)STEM教育中的跨部門(mén)協(xié)調(diào)和問(wèn)責(zé)制，并符合國(guó)家立法要求，制定和實(shí)施共同的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和措施，以跟蹤實(shí)現(xiàn)本計(jì)劃中所列出目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展情況，是至關(guān)重要的。

在整個(gè)計(jì)劃中提出了若干行動(dòng)。在計(jì)劃的實(shí)施階段，各機(jī)構(gòu)將考慮到聯(lián)邦計(jì)劃、投資和活動(dòng)的可變性質(zhì)，共同制定適當(dāng)?shù)闹笜?biāo)，以跟蹤實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展情況。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)，聯(lián)邦政府需要：

·始終如一地使用和報(bào)告當(dāng)前評(píng)估聯(lián)邦STEM教育項(xiàng)目、投資和活動(dòng)有效性的指標(biāo)。

·制定并報(bào)告額外的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以衡量在實(shí)現(xiàn)本戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃中提出的目標(biāo)方面的進(jìn)展。

●公開(kāi)STEM項(xiàng)目績(jī)效和成果

實(shí)現(xiàn)信息高度透明不僅需要強(qiáng)調(diào)不同機(jī)構(gòu)的舉措如何補(bǔ)充和支持實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家STEM教育目標(biāo)中的共同指標(biāo)，還需要承諾就機(jī)構(gòu)項(xiàng)目及其對(duì)STEM素養(yǎng)、勞動(dòng)力發(fā)展和STEM多樣性的影響進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)溝通。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)，聯(lián)邦政府需要：

·為有效地與利益相關(guān)者共享項(xiàng)目性能、數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)果，盤(pán)點(diǎn)并傳播示例和模板、最佳實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。

·提供用于監(jiān)視聯(lián)邦計(jì)劃性能和結(jié)果的公共資源，例如一個(gè)儀表板，它可以可視化地跟蹤、分析和顯示常見(jiàn)的性能指標(biāo)。

●制定聯(lián)邦實(shí)施計(jì)劃并跟蹤進(jìn)度

在STEM教育協(xié)作特別小組委員會(huì)的指導(dǎo)下，從事STEM教育的聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)，將合作制定綜合實(shí)施計(jì)劃，包括為實(shí)現(xiàn)本戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃中描述的目標(biāo)和為了達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)而采取的額外行動(dòng)。

為了促進(jìn)這一機(jī)構(gòu)間執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的擬訂，將在該計(jì)劃公布后不久召集一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)間小組會(huì)議，為各機(jī)構(gòu)擬定一個(gè)執(zhí)行模板，以提供所需信息。利用這個(gè)模板，各成員機(jī)構(gòu)將向STEM教育協(xié)作特別小組提供其特定機(jī)構(gòu)的信息，以納入整個(gè)聯(lián)邦實(shí)施計(jì)劃。實(shí)施計(jì)劃將是一個(gè)活的文件，并根據(jù)需要由STEM教育協(xié)作特別小組進(jìn)行更新。