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含孔隙凍融巖石的損傷本構模型

2019-09-10 18:31孟祥振張慧梅康曉革
關鍵詞:損傷

孟祥振 張慧梅 康曉革

摘 要:針對現(xiàn)有損傷本構模型所存在的局限與不足,在深入研究孔隙巖石變形破壞特征的前提下,將巖石視為孔隙、損傷與未損傷3部分。以孔隙率反映巖石體積變化,基于weibull隨機分布,依據(jù)損傷力學原理,確立含孔隙凍融巖石的損傷本構模型,并以理論表達的形式確定模型參數(shù),最后利用凍融巖石的力學特性試驗結果驗證其合理性。結果表明:推導的本構模型與試驗結果吻合較好,且?guī)r石初始階段時孔隙壓密以及應變軟化特性都能更好地反映出來;通過峰值條件獲得的模型參數(shù)表達式,可反映凍融巖石的損傷演化與變形破壞的一般規(guī)律,增強了模型的適用性。

關鍵詞:孔隙率;本構模型;模型參數(shù);損傷

中圖分類號:TU 452 ? 文獻標志碼:A

DOI:10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2019.0417 ? 文章編號:1672-9315(2019)04-0688-05

Abstract:With the limitations and deficiencies of the existing damage constitutive model in view, the rock was abstracted as three parts of pore, damage and non damage based on weibull random distribution, after having investigated the deformation and failure characteristics of porous rock. Due to the fact that porosity reflects the change of rock volume, the damage constitutive model of porous rock under freeze thaw was established based on the damage mechanics theory, and the model parameters were determined in the form of expressions. Finally, the rationality of the model was verified by using the conventional triaxial freeze thaw text to obtain mechanical parameters. The results of the study show that: The establishment of constitutive model is reasonable, and the pore pressure and softening properties of the rock can be better reflected in the initial period. The expression of the model parameters obtained through the peak conditions can reflect the law of the damage and the deformation of rock under freeze thaw, which enhance the applicability of the model.

Key words:porosity;constitutive model;model parameter;damage

0 引 言

影響寒區(qū)巖土工程穩(wěn)定性不可忽視的因素包括凍融及其所處的應力場等。自然狀態(tài)下的巖石是由巖石顆粒及其顆粒間的孔隙組合而成,受外界因素的作用,內部孔隙壓密與擴展,致使巖石體積不斷發(fā)生變化,從而表現(xiàn)出不同的力學特性。因此,在研究巖石凍融狀態(tài)下的損傷本構關系時,巖石體積的變化是必須考慮的重要因素。

目前,針對巖石損傷本構方面的研究取得了一定的成果。ZHOU H W,周輝、CHEN Xin等推導出巖石損傷本構模型,并利用線性回歸的方法確定模型參數(shù)[1-3];李樹春、張慧梅、LI XIANG,袁小清通過峰值點法確定了模型參數(shù),較線性回歸法有了較大改進,且參數(shù)具有明確的物理意義[4-8];曹文貴、溫韜、石崇等采用不同的強度準則建立了巖石的本構模型[9-11];曹文貴在研究巖石空隙率基礎上建立了巖石損傷模型[12];張蒙軍、陳有亮、劉松明建立了不同環(huán)境下的巖石損傷關系式[13-15];張慧梅、ZHOU Shuwei,HUANG Shibing[16-19]等采用彈性模量對巖石凍融損傷進行了表征,確定了凍融和載荷下的統(tǒng)計本構方程。上述模型雖然對巖石變形過程進行了比較好的描述,但對于變形過程中巖石體積變化及凍融環(huán)境因素變化的影響并沒有很好的綜合考慮。

文中基于weibull隨機分布,在深入探討孔隙巖石變形破壞特征的基礎上,以孔隙率反映巖石體積的變化,從而確立含孔隙凍融巖石損傷本構模型,并通過峰值條件以理論表達的形式確定模型參數(shù)。最后利用凍融巖石的力學特性試驗結果驗證其合理性。

1 含孔隙巖石的損傷本構模型

1.1 損傷模型的建立

3 模型驗證

將式(25)、(30)、(31)代入式(27)之后,通過文獻[15]中砂巖凍融循環(huán)條件下常規(guī)三軸壓縮力學特性試驗數(shù)據(jù),計算得到本構關系的理論曲線,并與試驗曲線做對比,如圖1所示,以此來證明文中推導的含孔隙凍融巖石本構模型的合理性。

通過比較圖1中理論曲線與試驗曲線可知,文中確立含孔隙巖石本構模型具有合理性。砂巖的應力-應變曲線初始呈下凹形,斜率即變形模量逐漸增大,巖石有逐漸強化的趨勢,這是由于巖石初始受荷,內部原始孔隙被壓密所致。一定圍壓下,隨著凍融次數(shù)的增加,壓密階段的變形模量減小,彈性模量和峰值點強度降低,巖石塑性增強,分析其原因是凍融作用逐漸導致巖石內部次生孔隙的增加,在宏觀上表現(xiàn)為巖石的抗壓強度逐漸衰減、應力-應變曲線變緩;一定凍融次數(shù)下,隨著圍壓的增加,砂巖壓密階段的變形模量增加,彈性模量及峰值應力變大,表明圍壓具有抑制巖石損傷破壞的作用。另外,巖石峰后軟化階段應變特性在文中模型中也能更好地反映出來。

4 結 論

1)在深入探討孔隙巖石變形破壞特征的前提下,以孔隙率反映巖石體積的變化,從而確立含孔隙凍融巖石的損傷本構模型,并獲得模型參數(shù)表達式。

2)通過試驗結果驗證了含孔隙凍融巖石損傷本構模型的合理性。該模型對受荷初期時的孔隙壓密階段有較好的描述,且?guī)r石應變軟化特性也能更好地反映出來。

3)模型參數(shù)少,只需通過常規(guī)三軸力學試驗即可獲得,其理論表達式可反映巖石損傷與變形破壞的一般規(guī)律,對寒區(qū)巖土工程穩(wěn)定性的研究具有實際意義。

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