王衛(wèi) 張佳敏 趙志平 白婷 吉莉莉 陳林
摘 要:研究微生物發(fā)酵劑對(duì)四川傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)羊腿不同加工階段及產(chǎn)品特性的影響,結(jié)果表明:風(fēng)羊腿的水分含量及水分活度(water activity,aw)在風(fēng)干發(fā)酵初期下降較快,后期逐漸平緩;pH值在發(fā)酵開(kāi)始1 周下降較快,成熟后期逐漸回升;NaCl含量逐漸增加,亞硝酸鈉殘留量逐漸下降;過(guò)氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸反應(yīng)物值和揮發(fā)性鹽基氮含量逐步上升;添加微生物發(fā)酵劑的產(chǎn)品水分含量、aw和pH值變化幅度更大,發(fā)酵進(jìn)程更快,發(fā)酵微生物呈現(xiàn)出極為顯著的抑制脂肪氧化和降低硝鹽(硝酸鈉和亞硝酸鈉)殘留作用,這一作用在腌制和發(fā)酵初期就已顯現(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:風(fēng)羊腿;微生物發(fā)酵劑;加工進(jìn)程;產(chǎn)品特性
Effect of Starter Cultures on Processing and Quality Characteristics of Sichuan Goat Ham
WANG Wei, ZHANG Jiamin, ZHAO Zhiping, BAI Ting, JI Lili, CHEN Lin
(Key Laboratory of Meat Processing in Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China)
Abstract: The effects of natural fermentation versus directed vat set (DVS, a mixed starter culture of Staphylococcus carnosus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus sakei and Debaromyces hansenii) on the processing and quality characteristics of Sichuan goat ham were studied. The results showed the moisture content and water activity (aw) of ham decreased rapidly in the early stage of natural fermentation, and gradually remained stable in the later stage. The pH value declined rapidly in the first week of fermentation, and gradually rose in the later stage of maturation. The NaCl content, perioxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) value and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content gradually increased, and the nitrite residue gradually decreased. Larger changes in the water content, aw and pH values occurred during fermentation with DVS and the fermentation rate was higher compared with natural fermentation. The starter culture extremely significantly inhibited fat oxidation and reduced the nitrite residue in the early stages of curing and fermentation.
Keywords: goat ham; starter culture; processing; quality characteristics
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190612-125
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TS251.5? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1001-8123(2019)07-0014-05
引文格式:
王衛(wèi), 張佳敏, 趙志平, 等. 微生物發(fā)酵劑對(duì)四川風(fēng)羊腿加工進(jìn)程及產(chǎn)品特性的影響[J]. 肉類(lèi)研究, 2019, 33(7): 14-18. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190612-125.? ? http://www.rlyj.net.cn
WANG Wei, ZHANG Jiamin, ZHAO Zhiping, et al. Effect of starter cultures on processing and quality characteristics of Sichuan goat ham[J]. Meat Research, 2019, 33(7): 14-18. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20190612-125.? ? http://www.rlyj.net.cn
風(fēng)羊腿是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)特色腌臘名產(chǎn),產(chǎn)品以羊后腿為原料,經(jīng)修整、上鹽、腌制、自然風(fēng)干和貯藏成熟等工序制作而成[1]。研究表明,風(fēng)羊腿等傳統(tǒng)腌臘制品屬于水分活度(water activity,aw)0.70~0.80的典型半干水分食品(intermediate moisture foods,IMF),具有極佳的非制冷可貯藏性[2],較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間自然風(fēng)干產(chǎn)品也伴隨一定的微生物發(fā)酵進(jìn)程,但微生物參與的發(fā)酵作用遠(yuǎn)比西式發(fā)酵肉制品作用更小[3],其特有風(fēng)味的形成主要取決于風(fēng)干進(jìn)程中以理化為主導(dǎo)、微生物參與的脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)分解、氧化等反應(yīng),逐漸產(chǎn)生醛、酮、酸等一系列小分子化合物,風(fēng)干發(fā)酵時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),微生物的作用也越顯著[4-5]。微生物在火腿等中式腌臘肉制品加工中的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群取決于加工產(chǎn)品和環(huán)境等諸多因素[6],其發(fā)揮的作用是多方面的,如乳酸菌和肉葡萄球菌能促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品中亞硝酸鹽的分解和芳香類(lèi)風(fēng)味物質(zhì)的形成;片球菌能抑制雜菌生長(zhǎng),提升產(chǎn)品的安全性;霉菌能抑制有害菌生長(zhǎng)并且使產(chǎn)品具有特殊的香氣;酵母菌能抑制產(chǎn)品的氧化酸敗,還對(duì)腌臘肉制品特殊風(fēng)味的形成有益[7]。