【摘要】高中英語閱讀教學(xué)是提高學(xué)生英語能力的最重要的途徑之一。教師在進(jìn)行備課時(shí)要結(jié)合學(xué)生的學(xué)情和學(xué)生的生活實(shí)踐水平去對(duì)教材進(jìn)行文本解讀。有效的文本解讀既可以保障學(xué)生在知識(shí)能力提升,又可以通過對(duì)教材內(nèi)容的分層解讀,讓學(xué)生在知識(shí)的內(nèi)化和外顯方面建立有效的聯(lián)系。本文重在探討英語閱讀理解中一些可行性的文本解讀的方式方法。
【關(guān)鍵詞】高中英語閱讀教學(xué);文本解讀的內(nèi)容與方法;教學(xué)課例
【作者簡(jiǎn)介】李春艷,襄陽(yáng)市第一中學(xué)。
一、文本解讀的意義
閱讀教學(xué)是實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)科的育人價(jià)值、促進(jìn)學(xué)生思維發(fā)展、培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)的重要途徑。在高中英語教學(xué)中,教師對(duì)教材的使用,甄別,和深層挖掘文本閱讀的內(nèi)外延伸的內(nèi)容,能夠充分發(fā)揮教師的主導(dǎo)作用,經(jīng)過教師的精心準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)素材,利用教材的閱讀文本內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn),感知,尋找認(rèn)同的價(jià)值觀,并聯(lián)系社會(huì)實(shí)際生活,使呆板的教材內(nèi)容在師生的教學(xué)互動(dòng)過程中活躍起來,或是生成了超越文本所體現(xiàn)的、新的問題、深層的思考與感悟。要取得這一切的教學(xué)預(yù)期效果,教師要不斷研究教學(xué)對(duì)象,教學(xué)情境的設(shè)置,教材的多個(gè)角度或維度的審視,信息的重組與分離,把文字信息如何升華成為一種精神享受,思想的洗禮。因此,教師如何引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)英語閱讀理解進(jìn)行文本解讀就顯得格外重要。
但實(shí)際上當(dāng)前不少的高中英語閱讀教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,閱讀文本的內(nèi)涵和外延并沒有得到充分體現(xiàn),或者沒有對(duì)閱讀文本進(jìn)行任何解讀。一方面,很多教師在處理教材里的課文時(shí),往往只是充斥著單詞、短語和句型等“知識(shí)點(diǎn)”的碎片化信息。另一方面,迫于考試壓力,學(xué)生習(xí)慣為文中的語言點(diǎn)而讀(readingfor language points)(莊志琳,2011:1-2),高中英語閱讀教學(xué)中對(duì)語言點(diǎn)過分重視卻忽視了對(duì)文本信息的系統(tǒng)化解讀。
二、文本解讀的內(nèi)容與方法
文本解讀包括:文本含義解讀及文化意義建構(gòu)、語言知識(shí)與能力解讀、文體類型與篇章結(jié)構(gòu),并在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合學(xué)生的知識(shí)背景、已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)、語言水平等分析文本與學(xué)生之間的意義聯(lián)系。我認(rèn)為一節(jié)高中英語閱讀課,必須涵蓋課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中要求教師完成的基本任務(wù):聽、說、讀、看、寫。對(duì)教材進(jìn)行文本解讀就是教師對(duì)教材的再處理,從what(概括文章段落大意。)、how(文章的詞匯、句法、文章體裁與結(jié)構(gòu))、why(文本的深層含義、文本與學(xué)生生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的聯(lián)系)三個(gè)方面出發(fā)就可以讓教師達(dá)到有效的英語閱讀教學(xué)效果。
首先要解決what,通過閱讀的讀前活動(dòng),教師要利用視頻和音頻喚醒學(xué)生在視覺和聽覺方面的積極性。利用教材中的插圖,讓學(xué)生去猜文章的主題大意,理解話題背景知識(shí)。其次在快速閱讀的過程中,學(xué)生可以采取默讀或是大聲朗讀的方式,抓住各段關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,梳理出文章的主旨大意。然后解決how,通過仔細(xì)閱讀,學(xué)生可以獲取以下信息:文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、文章的體裁、文章寫作目的、作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀,更要弄清楚作者是通過使用哪種寫作手段達(dá)到了自己的表達(dá)目的。最后在讀后的環(huán)節(jié)中落實(shí)why,教師要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)輕松的氛圍,并依據(jù)課文設(shè)置一個(gè)相對(duì)有意義的話題討論,讓學(xué)生能夠把課文反襯出的某種做法與社會(huì)現(xiàn)象與自己的價(jià)值觀形成比對(duì),引起共鳴,激勵(lì)學(xué)生參與小組討論,暢所欲言,并由英語科組長(zhǎng)形成一段有邏輯性的文字,教師預(yù)留時(shí)間,組織學(xué)生以口頭報(bào)告的形式分享小組有建設(shè)性意義的觀點(diǎn)看法或是利用多媒體展示各組激烈討論的成果。這樣的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)有利于學(xué)生結(jié)合實(shí)際社會(huì)生活進(jìn)行思辨能力的提升,發(fā)揮口語交際能力,促進(jìn)學(xué)生培養(yǎng)自身的思維能力和文化品格意識(shí)。
三、文本解讀的教學(xué)案例與評(píng)析
Book4 Unit2? ?Period1 Reading
I. Learning methods
Basic goals:
Know more about agriculture countryside and farming by reading the passage carefully.
Develop our reading ability and learn to practise some reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, and so on
Developmental goals:
Introduce Dr Yuan Longpings personal background information and his contributions to the world.
Get familiar with the use of –ing form as the subject and object.
Challenging goals:
Talk about the social responsibilities and the ways to be helpful to the world like Yuan Longping.
Feel inspired to make contributions to our motherland in the future like Yuan longping. and treasure what we
have now, including freedom, fairness, friendship and so on.
II. Learning methods
1. By skimming and scanning, students are able to grasp the detailed information and main idea of the passage.
2. Elicitation, discussion, listening, pair work.
III. Background
Yuan Longping, male, was born in 1930,nine in 1953,graduated from the Southwest College of Agronomy. After graduation, has been engaged in agricultural education and research of hybrid rice. The International Rice Research Institute and the United States 1980-1981 technical guidance.1982 National Hybrid Rice Expert Advisory Group deputy head. Yuan Longping, academician of the hybrid rice is world-renowned experts, is the pioneer and leader of hybrid rice research for the development of grain production and agricultural science and made an outstanding contribution. His main achievement in hybrid rice is research, application and promotion
Yuan Longping is father of hybrid rice, who was eventually awarded “the Nobel Prize of Asia ”. With his great contributions to hybrid rice research and work he did to improve rice production in developing countries, He deserved the great honor. Now he is head of the National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center in Hunan Province, China. Above all, he is referred to as a pioneer in agriculture around the world, leaving less people starving to death.
本文是屬于人物傳記體裁,確定教學(xué)目標(biāo)是課堂教學(xué)的基本步驟,在導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱中給學(xué)生提供袁隆平的背景知識(shí)是十分必要的。使學(xué)生提前了解這位偉大的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家的出身背景有利于推動(dòng)閱讀文本的教學(xué)進(jìn)程。
IV. Teaching procedures:
Step1 Warming up
1. What do you think farmers usually do in the field to increase the output of rice?
2. Do you know a poem describing farmers?
利用圖片信息,激發(fā)學(xué)生接觸本單元話題的主動(dòng)性。通過畫面展示,讓學(xué)生回憶李紳的憫農(nóng)。
Step2 Pre-reading
Who has made contributions to solving the problem of hunger?
Enjoy a video about Dr Yuan Longping.
Step3 Fast reading
1. What does the passage mainly talk about?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Read the passage quickly and summarize the main idea of each paragraph. Whats the structure of the text?
Para 1________________________________________
Para 2________________________________________
Para 3________________________________________
Para 4________________________________________
3. What is the writing style of the passage?
A. a book review? ? B. a travel journal? ?C. a science report? ? ?D. a biography
通過解決快速閱讀理解里面的問題,教師一方面啟發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)文章的主要大意的把握,同時(shí)訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生歸納各段大意和梳理文章體裁的閱讀技能。
Step4 Careful reading
1. 1. Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage?
_______________________________________________
2. What does pioneer stand for?
A. a person with great patience? ? ? ? ?B. a person with great generosity.
C. a person with persistence? ? ? ? ? ?D. a person with great creativity.
3. What does the word “battle” refer to in the second paragraph?
A.The low rice output.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B.Ridding the world of hunger.
C.Fighting against farming.? ? ? ? ? ? D.The freedom to do research.
4. How does Dr Yuan Longping carry out his agricultural research work?
_______________________________________________
5. What is the function of numbers listed in the first two paragraphs?
6. Do you find any inspiration from Dr.Yuan Longping ? what good qualities should a pioneer be equipped with?
_______________________________________________
7. Why does the author choose the word “pioneer”in the title? Can it be replaced by “scientist”?
_______________________________________________
8. What is the purpose of using the structure --for whom he has struggled for decades? Why doesnt the author write a more simple sentence structure instead?
_______________________________________________
For example,…? and he has struggled for farmers for many years.
_______________________________________________
四、文本解讀的教學(xué)反思與啟示
高中英語教師在今后的課堂教學(xué)中,學(xué)應(yīng)重視教材的文本解讀,通過教師的集體智慧,多角度解讀,挖掘出文本信息的內(nèi)涵與外延,教師才能在文本與學(xué)生之間架起橋梁、使教材走進(jìn)學(xué)生的視野,融入學(xué)生的心靈。教師可以成為教材文本內(nèi)涵的淘金者、第一手資料的加工者,學(xué)生高效閱讀能力的教練。在文本解讀的閱讀教學(xué)過程中,逐漸把學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成訓(xùn)練有素的讀者,使閱讀的角度發(fā)生改變,讓學(xué)生重新審視教材的文本信息必然成為學(xué)生的高考成功的必經(jīng)之路。
在我閱讀課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,在文本解讀方面我還在不斷探索,雖收到一定的成效,但是問題的設(shè)置深度和廣度還不夠,聚焦的問題在有限的教學(xué)時(shí)長(zhǎng)中,有時(shí)學(xué)生的能力不能發(fā)揮到極致,亦或是學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)欲受到了局限。今后我將從“what、how、why”等方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化分析,對(duì)教材進(jìn)行三維立體解讀,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的重新構(gòu)建。
A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step. 千里之行,始于足下。 本人在今后的教學(xué)中一定注意個(gè)人的專業(yè)提升,同時(shí)我愿意與大家共享文本解讀的心得,也愿意接受大家的批評(píng),共同做好高中英語教學(xué)工作。
參考文獻(xiàn):
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