鄭昕 陳駿毅 陸仕洪 周菲 郭兆瑋 莊敏之 王亞平
[摘要] 目的 通過高脂飲食建立非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠模型,觀察益肝解毒方及其拆方對NASH大鼠UCP-2的影響。 方法 將60只Wistar大鼠依據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法分為正常組、模型組、全方組、化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組,每組10只,給予高脂飼料喂養(yǎng)16周以復(fù)制NASH模型,正常組(生理鹽水1.575 mL/100 g灌胃)、模型組(生理鹽水1.575 mL/100 g灌胃)、全方組(中藥1.730 g/100 g灌胃)、化痰組(中藥1.730 g/100 g灌胃)、祛瘀組(中藥1.730 g/100 g灌胃)、解毒組(中藥1.730 g/100 g灌胃)干預(yù)至16周后處死大鼠,收集標(biāo)本。運用賴式比色法測定各組大鼠血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶(GGT)、三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、活性氧(ROS);RT-PCR法檢測UCP-2 mRNA;Western blot檢測UCP-2蛋白。 結(jié)果 大鼠NASH模型成功建立。全方組及各拆方組ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL、ROS、UCP-2 mRNA均值較模型組明顯降低,LDL較模型組明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。各拆方組ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL、ROS、UCP-2 mRNA均值均高于全方組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),祛瘀組、解毒組ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL水平上低于化痰組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),祛瘀組LDL水平均高于其他各組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與正常組比較,模型組UCP-2蛋白表達增強;與模型組比較,全方組UCP-2蛋白表達減低;各拆方組UCP-2蛋白表達相近。 結(jié)論 全方組效果最好,體現(xiàn)出中藥復(fù)方是其各組成部分協(xié)同作用的結(jié)果。益肝解毒方可抑制ROS產(chǎn)生,降低UCP-2高表達和血清中ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL水平,提高LDL水平。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 非酒精性脂肪性肝炎;拆方研究;益肝解毒方;大鼠
[中圖分類號] R575.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)07(b)-0009-05
Effects of Yigan Jiedu Decoction and its preparation on UCP-2 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats
ZHENG Xin1? ?CHEN Junyi2? ?LU Shihong3? ?ZHOU Fei1? ?GUO Zhaowei1? ?ZHUANG Minzhi1? ?WANG Yaping1
1.Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People′s Hospital, Shanghai? ?200081, China; 2.Department of Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People′s Hospital, Shanghai? ?200081, China; 3.Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Fourth People′s Hospital, Shanghai? ?200081, China
[Abstract] Objective To establish the rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by high-fat diet, and to observe the effect of Yigan Jiedu Decoction and its preparation on UCP-2 in rats with NASH. Methods According to the random number table method, 60 Wistar rats were divided into normal group, model group, whole formula group, phlegm elimination group, stasis removal group and detoxification group, 10 rats in each group were given high-fat diet for 16 weeks to replicate the NASH model. Rats in the normal group (1.575 mL/100 g normal saline), model group (1.575 ml/100 g normal saline), whole formnla group (1.730 g/100 g of traditional Chinese medicine), phlegm elimination group (1.730 g/100 g of traditional Chinese medicine), stasis removal group (1.730 g/100 g of traditional Chinese medicine), and detoxification group (1.730 g/100 g of traditional Chinese medicine) were put to death after 16 weeks of intervention, and specimens were collected. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transferase (GGT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by Reitman colorimetry. UCP-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. UCP-2 protein was detected by Western blot. Results NASH model of rats was successfully established. The mean values of ALT, AST, GGT, TC, TG, HDL, ROS and UCP-2 mRNA in the whole formula group and its preparation groups were significantly lower than those in the model group, while LDL was higher than that in the model group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The mean values of ALT, AST, GGT, TC, TG, HDL, ROS and UCP-2 mRNA in preparation groups were higher than those in the whole formula group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The levels of ALT, AST, GGT, TC, TG and HDL in the stasis removal group and the detoxification group were lower than those in the phlegm elimination group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The LDL level of the stasis removal group was higher than that of other groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of Western blot showed that compared with normal group, the expression of UCP-2 protein in the model group was increased; compared with model group, the expression of UCP-2 protein in the whole formula was decreased; while the expression of UCP-2 protein among all preparation groups was similar. Conclusion The whole formula group has the best effect, which shows that the TCM compound is the result of the synergistic effect of its components. Yigan Jiedu Decoction can inhibit the production of ROS, reduce the high expression of UCP-2 and the levels of serum ALT, AST, GGT, TC, TG, HDL, and improve the level of LDL.
[Key words] Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Recipe compotion; Yigan Jiedu Decoction; Rat
非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)是非酒精性脂肪性肝病發(fā)展到較為嚴重的階段,在此階段進行干預(yù)治療具有較高的臨床價值[1]。益肝解毒方是上海市第四人民醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)治療NASH的協(xié)定處方,具有較好的臨床效果[2-3]。該方主要由化痰、祛瘀、解毒三類藥物組成,為了研究該方組成藥物的配伍作用機制,我們根據(jù)不同治法將該方拆分為化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組。通過NASH的動物模型[4],觀察全方及各拆方組對NASH大鼠UCP-2的影響,探討不同組分對NASH的治療效果,以指導(dǎo)臨床應(yīng)用中更加靈活地加減配伍。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 動物? 選用雄性清潔級Wistar大鼠60只,5~6周齡,體重(140±20)g,購自上海斯萊克實驗動物有限公司,合格證號SCXK(滬)2016-0002。大鼠在相同條件下分籠飼養(yǎng),每籠10只,常規(guī)喂養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顆粒飼料,自由飲用水。
1.1.2 藥物? 全方組:海藻30 g、廣郁金15 g、決明子30 g、廣姜黃15 g、垂盆草30 g、龍膽草10 g、人參葉15 g、地鱉蟲10 g、柴胡10 g;化痰組:海藻30 g、決明子30 g、柴胡10 g;祛瘀組:廣郁金15 g、廣姜黃15 g、地鱉蟲10 g;解毒組:垂盆草30 g、龍膽草10 g、人參葉15 g。以上藥物均按照統(tǒng)一產(chǎn)地、品種、供貨商的藥源,配制處方,由上海雷允上飲片廠完成制劑。濃縮至200 mL,折合成大鼠臨床劑量為1.575 mL/100 g,生藥量1.730 g/100 g。
1.1.3 主要試劑? 血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)試劑盒(貨號C009-1)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)試劑盒(貨號C010-1)、谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶(GGT)試劑盒(貨號C017)、三酰甘油(TG)試劑盒(貨號F001-1)、總膽固醇(TC)試劑盒(貨號F0021-1)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)試劑盒(貨號F003-2)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)試劑盒(貨號F004-2)、活性氧(ROS)試劑盒(貨號E004)均購自南京建成生物工程研究所;UCP2抗體購自Abcam(貨號:Ab67241)。
1.1.4 主要儀器? 低溫冷凍離心機(上海盧湘儀離心機儀器有限公司TG-16M);酶標(biāo)儀(芬蘭雷勃酶標(biāo)儀MK3)。
1.2 分組
雄性Wistar大鼠60只,適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周后均存活,依據(jù)隨機數(shù)字表法分為正常組、模型組、全方組、化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組,每組10只。選用高脂飼料造模法[3-4],即給予模型組、全方組、化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組高脂飼料(88%普通飼料+10%豬油+2%膽固醇),并予藥物灌胃至16周處死。正常組予普通飼料喂養(yǎng)并予生理鹽水灌胃至16周后處死。中藥湯劑灌胃量、生理鹽水劑量均為1.730 g/100 g(折算生藥量)。
1.3 樣本采集
16周后大鼠禁食24 h,稱重后以2%戊巴比妥鈉腹腔注射麻醉(劑量為5.5 mL/kg),腹主動脈采血,室溫靜置2 h,3000 r/min,離心15 min,離心半徑為5 cm,分離血清并分裝于凍存管中,并置于-80℃冰箱備用。迅速摘取肝臟稱重后,于肝右葉切取1.0 cm×1.0 cm×0.2 cm大小肝組織2塊,4%中性甲醛溶液固定。剩余肝組織分裝后于液氮中速凍,-80℃冰箱保存[5]。實驗重復(fù)3次。
1.4 Western blot的實驗步驟
①組織塊稱重;②利用液氮、研缽粉碎組織塊;③加入RIPA緩沖液(每克組織3 mL RIPA),PMSF(30 μL/g,10 mg/mL PMSF),利用Polytron進一步勻漿(15 000 r/min,1 min)維持4℃;④加入PMSF(30 μL/g,10 mg/mL PMSF),冰上孵育30 min;⑤移入離心管4℃ 約20 000 g,15 min;⑥上清液為細胞裂解液可分裝-20℃保存;⑦Bradford比色法測定蛋白質(zhì)濃度;⑧取相同質(zhì)量的細胞裂解液(體積×蛋白質(zhì)濃度),并加等體積的2×電泳加樣緩沖液;⑨沸水浴中3 min;⑩上樣;電泳(濃縮膠20 mA,分離膠35 mA);電轉(zhuǎn)膜儀轉(zhuǎn)膜(100 mA 40 min);膜用麗春紅染色,膠用考馬斯亮藍染色;Western blot 試劑盒顯色;分析比較記錄[6]。
1.5 觀察指標(biāo)
運用賴式比色法測定ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、LDL、HDL、ROS、UCP-2,RT-PCR法檢測UCP-2 mRNA,Western blot檢測UCP-2蛋白[7]。
1.6 Western blot法檢測相關(guān)蛋白
RT-PCR實驗引物CUP-2正向序列為5′-GCATTTCGGGCAACATTGGG-3′,反向序列5′-TCCCATTCTCAGCCTTGAC-3′,大小為147 bp。
1.7 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行單因素分析。采用半定量法,計量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,各組間實驗數(shù)據(jù)的比較采用方差分析,兩兩比較用LSD-t檢驗。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 各組血清ALT、AST、GGT水平比較
模型組ALT、AST、GGT水平較正常組明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。全方組化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組ALT、AST、GGT水平與模型組比較均明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P? < 0.05)。各治療組之間比較,各拆方組ALT、AST、GGT水平均高于全方組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P? < 0.05);祛瘀組、解毒組ALT、AST、GGT水平均顯著低于化痰組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P? < 0.05);祛瘀組和解毒組ALT、AST、GGT水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P? > 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 各組血清TG、TC、LDL、HDL水平比較
模型組TG、TC、HDL水平均顯著高于正常組,LDL顯著低于正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。全方組、化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組TG、TC、HDL水平較模型組明顯降低,LDL較模型組明顯升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。各治療組之間比較,與全方組比較,化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組TG、TC、HDL水平均顯著升高,化痰組、解毒組LDL顯著降低,祛瘀組LDL顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05);與化痰組比較,祛瘀組、解毒組TG、TC、HDL水平均顯著降低,LDL顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05);與祛瘀組比較,解毒組LDL顯著降低(P < 0.05);祛瘀組和解毒組TG、TC、HDL水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P > 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 各組肝細胞ROS水平比較
與正常組比較,模型組ROS明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);與模型組比較,全方組、化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組ROS水平明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);與全方組比較,各拆方組ROS水平顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);與化痰組比較,祛瘀組、解毒組ROS水平明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。肝細胞UCP-2 mRNA實驗結(jié)果顯示,與正常組比較,模型組UCP-2 mRNA水平顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);與模型組比較,全方組、化痰組、祛瘀組、解毒組UCP-2 mRNA水平明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);與全方組比較,化痰組、解毒組UCP-2 mRNA水平明顯升高(P < 0.05);與化痰組比較,祛瘀組UCP-2 mRNA水平明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);與祛瘀組比較,解毒組UCP-2 mRNA水平明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表3。
表3? ?各組肝細胞ROS水平比較(x±s)
注:與正常組比較*P < 0.05;與模型組比較,#P < 0.05;與全方組比較,△P < 0.05;與化痰組比較,◇P < 0.05;與祛瘀組比較,○P < 0.05。ROS:活性氧;UCP-2:線粒體解偶聯(lián)蛋白2
2.4 Western blot法檢測相關(guān)蛋白
蛋白電泳顯示,與正常組比較,模型組UCP-2蛋白表達增強;與模型組比較,全方組UCP-2蛋白表達減低;各拆方組UCP-2蛋白表達相近。見圖1。
3 討論
中醫(yī)藥以其多靶點的作用機制,在NASH的治療中獨具優(yōu)勢[8]。根據(jù)本病臨床表現(xiàn)歸屬于中醫(yī)“痰濁”“肥胖”“積聚”“脅痛”“瘀血”等范疇[9],起因多為過食肥甘厚味、嗜酒過度,或七情內(nèi)傷、濕熱之邪壅滯肝脾,以致肝失疏泄、肝血瘀滯、脾失健運、聚濕成痰、痰阻氣機、痰瘀互結(jié)而發(fā)病[10]。益肝解毒方是我們針對主要病機[11-12],經(jīng)多年臨床研究證實治療該病有效的中藥方劑。根據(jù)組方的不同功效,可將本方拆分成化痰、祛瘀、解毒三個組分[13],通過實驗研究,分析不同組分在治療中的不同作用[14]。UCP-2是肝細胞線粒體內(nèi)膜上的載體膜蛋白[15],肝臟中通常只有Kupffer細胞中有UCP-2 mRNA表達[16-19],NASH時肝細胞UCP-2表達增強[20]。
本研究通過高脂飲食建立NASH大鼠模型,觀察益肝解毒方及其拆方NASH大鼠UCP-2的影響,結(jié)果顯示,全方組及各拆方組ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL、ROS、UCP-2 mRNA水平較模型組明顯降低,LDL較模型組明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。各拆方組ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL、ROS、UCP-2 mRNA水平較全方組降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),祛瘀組、解毒組在ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL水平低于化痰組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),祛瘀組LDL水平高于其他各組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),結(jié)果顯示,益肝解毒方可抑制ROS產(chǎn)生,降低UCP-2高表達。各拆方組實驗結(jié)果提示,益肝解毒方對NASH大鼠的治療作用是化痰、祛瘀、解毒三類藥物協(xié)同作用的結(jié)果,各拆方組均不如全方組效果好,祛瘀與解毒組相近,略好于化痰。祛瘀組在改善LDL方面優(yōu)于其他各組。
總之,全方組療效最好,體現(xiàn)出中藥復(fù)方是其各組成部分協(xié)同作用的結(jié)果。益肝解毒方可抑制ROS產(chǎn)生,降低UCP-2高表達和血清中ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、HDL水平,提高LDL水平。
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