王含彥 郭冬梅 唐珍
[摘要] 目的 探討舒肝解郁(SGJY)膠囊對抑郁模型大鼠腦內(nèi)腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)的影響。 方法 將30只SD大鼠按隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分為五組(n = 6):Control組、慢性不可預(yù)見性輕度應(yīng)激(CUMS)組、氟西汀(FLU)組(FLU 2 mg/kg)、SGJY組(SGJY懸浮液150 mg/kg)、SGJY+U0126組(SGJY懸浮液150 mg/kg,0.01% U0126 5 mL/kg)。采用CUMS制作抑郁模型,各藥物組連續(xù)給藥21 d,Control組和CUMS組灌胃生理鹽水5 mL/kg。對所有動物進行行為學(xué)測試,采用實時熒光定量PCR檢測BDNF mRNA的表達,采用Western blot檢測pERK1/2蛋白表達。結(jié)果 與Control組比較,其余各組用藥前的穿格數(shù)、直立次數(shù)和糖水偏好均明顯偏低(P < 0.01)。用藥后,與CUMS組比較,F(xiàn)LU組和SGJY組的穿格數(shù)、直立次數(shù)和糖水偏好顯著增加(P < 0.01或P < 0.05),BDNF mRNA、pERK1/2的表達均顯著升高(P < 0.01);與SGJY組比較,SGJY+U0126組穿格數(shù)、直立次數(shù)和糖水偏好顯著減少(P < 0.01或P < 0.05),BDNF mRNA、pERK1/2的表達均顯著降低(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 SGJY膠囊可能通過調(diào)節(jié)ERK1/2通路增加BDNF mRNA表達從而發(fā)揮改善抑郁癥狀的作用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 抗抑郁藥;舒肝解郁膠囊;腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子;ERK1/2
[中圖分類號] R285.5? ? ? ? ? [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)07(b)-0021-04
Effect of Shugan Jieyu Capsules on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in model rats with depression
WANG Hanyan? ?GUO Dongmei? ?TANG Zhen
Teaching and Research Section of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong? ?637000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Shugan Jieyu (SGJY) Capsules on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in model rats with depression. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6) by random number table method: control group, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, Fluoxetine (FLU) group (FLU 2 mg/kg), SGJY group (SGJY Suspension Liquid 150 mg/kg) and SGJY+U0126 group (SGJY Suspension Liquid 150 mg/kg and 0.01% U0126 5 mL/kg). The CUMS was performed to induce depressive-like animal model. Each group was given corresponding drugs for 21 d. The control group and CUMS group were given normal saline 5 mL/kg by gavage. All animals were taken behavior tests. The expression of BDNF mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, the expression of pERK1/2 protein was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, the times of passing through grille, the upright times and sugar preference in the rest groups were all reduced before administration (P < 0.01). After administration, compared with CUMS group, the times of passing through grille, the upright times and sugar preference in FLU group and SGJY group were increased significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), the expression of BDNF mRNA, pERK1/2 was improved significantly (P < 0.01); compared with SGJY group, the times of passing through grille, the upright times and sugar preference in SGJY+U0126 group were decreased signfiicantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), the expression of BDNF mRNA, pERK1/2 was reduced significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion SGJY Capsules may play a role in improving the depressive symptoms by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway to increase the expression of BDNF.
[Key words] Antidepressant; Shugan Jieyu Capsules; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ERK1/2
抑郁癥是一種發(fā)病率較高的情感障礙性疾病,但其發(fā)病機制至今不明。目前主流觀點認(rèn)為,抑郁癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展與單胺遞質(zhì)的減少有關(guān)[1]。然而近年來的研究表明,抑郁癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展不僅與單胺遞質(zhì)系統(tǒng)有關(guān),可能還存在其他靶點[2]。腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)是神經(jīng)生長因子家族中表達最為廣泛的一種[3]。盡管越來越多的研究結(jié)果表明,BDNF蛋白的減少與抑郁癥的發(fā)生有關(guān)[4,5],但應(yīng)激信號或者藥物調(diào)節(jié)BDNF表達的具體機制仍不清楚。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),磷酸化ERK1/2(phosphorylation ERK1/2,pERK1/2)能阻斷灌注BDNF所產(chǎn)生的抗抑郁效果[6-7],自殺人群海馬區(qū)BDNF和ERK1/2的含量均明顯減少[8-9]。以上證據(jù)表明,應(yīng)激等因素可能通過ERK通路下調(diào)BDNF表達。
舒肝解郁(SGJY)膠囊是治療抑郁癥的純中藥復(fù)方制劑,臨床研究證實該藥對輕、中度抑郁具有較好的療效和安全性[10-13]。SGJY膠囊含有貫葉金絲桃,該成分被認(rèn)為具有提高神經(jīng)突觸間5羥色胺(5-HT)濃度的作用[14]。但基于SGJY膠囊是復(fù)方制劑,具有復(fù)雜的成分背景及單胺遞質(zhì)假說存在的局限性,我們推測該藥的抗抑郁作用可能不僅與單胺神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)有關(guān),而且涉及到多重靶點和多條信號通路。本研究采用慢性不可預(yù)見性輕度應(yīng)激(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)結(jié)合孤養(yǎng)法建立抑郁動物模型[15],特異性阻斷ERK途徑并評估動物的行為學(xué)表現(xiàn)和BDNF含量,以此探討SGJY膠囊的抗抑郁作用機制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實驗動物
30只1~2月齡雄性SD大鼠,體重130~150 g,由川北醫(yī)學(xué)院(以下簡稱“我?!保嶒瀯游镏行奶峁合格證號SCXK(川)2013-0018]。1周適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)后進行后續(xù)試驗。實驗方案符合我校使用實驗動物的倫理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1.2 主要試劑與儀器
鹽酸氟西汀膠囊(禮來蘇州制藥有限公司,批號:4482A);SGJY膠囊(成都康弘藥業(yè)集團股份有限公司,批號:121201);BCA試劑盒(碧云天,批號:20170929);兔抗pERK抗體(美國Cell Signaling Technology公司,批號:2C103290、4P172530);辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔抗體(美國Santa Cruz公司,批號:00204);TRIzol(美國Invitrogen公司,批號:382739);逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,批號:20151012];SYBR Green試劑盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,批號:K9929]。BIO-RAD CFX熒光定量PCR儀;BIO-RAD半干轉(zhuǎn)儀。
1.3 實驗動物分組與給藥
將30只SD大鼠按隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分為五組,即Control組、CUMS組、氟西?。‵LU)組、SGJY組、SGJY+U0126組,每組6只。除Control組外,其余各組均接受21 d的CUMS暴露造模。Control組和CUMS組灌胃生理鹽水5 mL/kg,F(xiàn)LU組灌胃FLU懸浮液2 mg/kg,SGJY組灌胃SGJY懸浮液150 mg/kg,SGJY+U0126組灌胃SGJY懸浮液150 mg/kg,并腹腔注射0.01% U0126 5 mL/kg。給藥21 d后,所有動物再次進行行為學(xué)評價。
1.4 造模方法
采用CUMS法制備抑郁動物模型[16],即每籠飼養(yǎng)1只,共接收21 d多種不同的刺激,包括晝夜顛倒24 h、閃頻6 h、潮濕墊料48 h、夾尾1 min、禁錮2 h、噪音4 h、冰水游泳5 min、禁食24 h、禁水24 h,每天隨機使用一種刺激。
1.5 曠野試驗
準(zhǔn)備一個由不透明材料制成的敞箱裝置,底部為正方形,劃為25個方格。將大鼠放在中央方格后,記錄5 min內(nèi)的穿格數(shù)和直立次數(shù)。
1.6 糖水偏好測試
參照Li等[17]進行糖水偏好測試。首先訓(xùn)練大鼠適應(yīng)糖水:第1個24 h,每籠放置2瓶1%蔗糖水;第2個24 h,將其中1瓶蔗糖水替換為純水;第3個24 h禁食禁水,進行糖水偏好測試。再次同時給予1%蔗糖水和純水,1 h后取走分別測量蔗糖水和純水的消耗,按下式計算:糖水偏好=糖水消耗/總液體消耗×100%。
1.7 Western blot檢測pERK1/2表達
從海馬組織中提取蛋白,每組3個樣本。BCA微量測定試劑盒測定蛋白濃度,SDS-PAGE電泳分離pERK1/2和GAPDH蛋白。再轉(zhuǎn)膜、封閉、一抗4℃孵育過夜,洗膜后加入辣根過氧化酶標(biāo)記的二抗孵育,再次充分洗滌,ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光顯色,進行定量灰度掃描。其中,一抗的稀釋比:pERK1/2(1∶2000),GADPH(1∶3000)。
1.8 熒光定量PCR檢測BDNF mRNA表達
提取大鼠海馬RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄獲得cDNA,采用SYBR Green染料法檢測GADPH和BDNF mRNA的表達。采用相對定量法2-ΔΔCt計算各目的基因的表達。GADPH FP:5′-TCGGTGTGAACGGATTTGGCCG-3′,RP:5′-CCGTTGAACTTGCCGTGGGT-3′;BDNF FP:5′-GGCCCAACGAAGAAAACCAT-3′,RP:5′-AGCA-TCACCCGGGAAGTGT-3′。
1.9 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用軟件SPSS 16.0進行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,各組比較采用單因素方差(One-way ANOVA)分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 藥物對CUMS大鼠行為學(xué)的影響
與Control組比較,其余各組用藥前穿格數(shù)、直立次數(shù)和糖水偏好均明顯偏低(P < 0.01),用藥后,僅CUMS組穿格數(shù)、直立次數(shù)和糖水偏好明顯低于Control組(P < 0.01),其余各組與Control組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。用藥后,與CUMS組比較,F(xiàn)LU組和SGJY組的穿格數(shù)、直立次數(shù)和糖水偏好顯著增加(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。與SGJY組比較,SGJY+U0126組的穿格數(shù)、直立次數(shù)和糖水偏好顯著減少(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 用藥對大鼠海馬區(qū)BDNF mRNA表達的影響
與Control組比較,CUMS組大鼠海馬區(qū)BDNF mRNA表達顯著減少(P < 0.01)。與CUMS組比較,F(xiàn)LU組和SGJY組大鼠的BDNF mRNA表達明顯增加(P < 0.01)。與SGJY組比較,SGJY+U0126組BDNF mRNA表達明顯降低(P < 0.05)(圖2)。
與Control組比較,##P < 0.01;與CUMS組比較,**P < 0.01;與SGJY組比較,△P < 0.05。CUMS:慢性不可預(yù)見性輕度應(yīng)激;FLU:氟西汀;SGJY:疏肝解郁;BDNF:腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子
2.3 用藥對海馬區(qū)ERK1/2蛋白磷酸化的影響
與Control組比較,CUMS組大鼠pERK1/2蛋白水平明顯減少(P < 0.01)。與CUMS組比較,F(xiàn)LU組和SGJY組pERK1/2水平顯著升高(P < 0.01)。與SGJY組比較,SGJY+U0126組pERK1/2水平明顯下降(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)(圖3)。
3 討論
目前化學(xué)合成類的抗抑郁藥大多旨在提升患者神經(jīng)突觸間的單胺遞質(zhì)濃度,但存在著緩解率不高和副作用較大等缺點。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥如SGJY膠囊,因其復(fù)方背景和多途徑多靶點作用受到越來越多的關(guān)注。UPLC-MS分析結(jié)果顯示SGJY膠囊由22種化合物組成[18-19],因此我們推測SGJY膠囊可能通過多個靶點發(fā)揮抗抑郁作用。大量研究證明BDNF與抑郁癥的發(fā)病機制有關(guān)[20-21]。本研究結(jié)果顯示SGJY膠囊能顯著增加CUMS大鼠BDNF mRNA的表達,說明該藥可能通過促進BDNF mRNA表達來改善動物的抑郁樣癥狀。
MAPKs信號通路廣泛存在于生命有機體細(xì)胞中,在神經(jīng)突觸的可塑性和重塑過程中起到重要作用[21],ERK1/2是MAPKs家族中重要的一員。急性或慢性應(yīng)激壓力都能通過ERK1/2信號通路引起海馬區(qū)基因表觀修飾的改變,如組蛋白磷酸化或乙?;?,從而改變基因的表達[21-23]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,使用SGJY膠囊后,大鼠海馬區(qū)BDNF mRNA和pERK1/2的表達均明顯增加,而組合使用ERK1/2通路特異性阻斷劑U0126后,BDNF mRNA的表達隨著pERK1/2的抑制而明顯減少。
綜上所述,SGJY膠囊可能通過ERK1/2通路上調(diào)BDNF mRNA的表達。
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