陳少婷 曹鵬駒 楊陽(yáng)
[摘要] 目的 研究長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)LINC00319在肺腺癌及其癌旁組織中的表達(dá)及臨床意義。 方法 從癌癥基因組圖譜(TCGA)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)下載516例肺腺癌組織(腫瘤組)與59例癌旁組織(癌旁對(duì)照組)RNAseq數(shù)據(jù)及對(duì)應(yīng)的肺腺癌患者臨床數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)中LINC00319基因表達(dá)進(jìn)行分析處理。分析比較其表達(dá)與肺腺癌臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性及對(duì)預(yù)后的影響。通過(guò)COX風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比例模型評(píng)估肺腺癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。采用基因集富集分析(GSEA)方法預(yù)測(cè)LINC00319功能富集的分子通路。 結(jié)果 LINC00319在腫瘤組中的表達(dá)水平顯著高于癌旁對(duì)照組(P < 0.05),其表達(dá)水平與性別、年齡、N分期無(wú)關(guān)(P > 0.05),與吸煙、T分期、M分期以及Stage分期顯著相關(guān)(P < 0.05),生存分析顯示肺腺癌患者中高LINC00319表達(dá)水平預(yù)示預(yù)后差(P < 0.05)。多因素COX風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比例模型結(jié)果顯示,高表達(dá)水平、Ⅲ+Ⅳ及T3+T4是肺腺癌患者預(yù)后差的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P < 0.05)。在GSEA分析中,發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319功能主要富集在細(xì)胞黏附、細(xì)胞因子相互作用、血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子信號(hào)通路、細(xì)胞凋亡等通路中。 結(jié)論 LINC00319可能通過(guò)多種途徑促進(jìn)肺腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,進(jìn)而影響肺腺癌患者的預(yù)后生存,因此,LINC00319可作為肺腺癌患者的預(yù)后標(biāo)志物或潛在治療靶點(diǎn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肺腺癌;癌癥基因組圖譜;長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA;LINC00319
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R734.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)08(b)-0122-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00319 in lung adenocarcinoma and its adjacent tissues. Methods The RNAseq data of 516 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues (tumor group) and 59 cases of paracancer tissues (para-cancer control group) and the corresponding clinical data of lung adenocarcinoma patients were downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, and the expression of LINC00319 gene in the data set was analyzed and processed. The correlation between its expression and the clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma and its effect on prognosis were analyzed and compared. Independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma were assessed by COX risk ratio model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to predict the functional enrichment of LINC00319 molecular pathways. Results The expression level of LINC00319 in tumor group was significantly higher than that in the para-carcinoma control group (P < 0.05). The expression level had no correlation with gender, age and N-staging (P > 0.05), and significantly correlated with smoking, T-staging, M-staging and Stage grading (P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that high LINC00319 expression predicted worse prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients (P < 0.05). The results of multiariable COX risk scale model showed that, high expression level, stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ and T3+T4 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). In GSEA analysis, it was found that LINC00319 mainly enriched in cell adhesion, cytokine interaction, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway, apoptosis and other pathways. Conclusion LINC00319 may promote the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma through various ways, thereby affecting the prognosis and survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Therefore, LINC00319 can be used as a prognostic marker or potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
[Key words] Lung adenoarinoma; Cancer genome atlas; Long noncoding RNA; LINC00319
肺癌是目前全球最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一。男性肺癌新發(fā)病例及死亡率居所有惡性腫瘤第1位。女性肺癌新發(fā)病例居第3位,死亡率居第2位[1]。肺腺癌是具有腺樣分化或黏液分泌的惡性上皮腫瘤,目前已成為最常見(jiàn)的肺癌病理類(lèi)型[2-3]。
長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)是一類(lèi)大于200個(gè)核苷酸的非編碼RNA鏈的總稱(chēng)[4]。LncRNA通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄因子、調(diào)控翻譯和剪切等機(jī)制,在細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,遷移、侵襲,凋亡中發(fā)揮作用[5-6]。在腫瘤中,lncRNA以內(nèi)源性RNA身份競(jìng)爭(zhēng)miRNA的結(jié)合位點(diǎn),起著癌基因或抑癌基因的作用[7]。越來(lái)越多的研究[8-9]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA在多種腫瘤中發(fā)揮作用。He等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA AFAP1-AS1可以上調(diào)AFAP1促進(jìn)肺腺癌細(xì)胞的遷移。Zhao等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA NSCLCAT1增加細(xì)胞的侵襲和遷移。
本研究通過(guò)癌癥基因組圖譜公共數(shù)據(jù)集(the cancer genome stlas,TCGA),研究LINC00319在肺腺癌中的表達(dá)及其相關(guān)病理特征的關(guān)系,為研究其在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用機(jī)制提供參考。
1 材料與方法
1.1 組織樣本數(shù)據(jù)下載及預(yù)處理
利用TCGA(https://cancergenome.nih.gov/)搜索并下載肺腺癌表達(dá)譜數(shù)據(jù),排除缺失臨床參數(shù)和生存資料的病例后,獲得516例肺腺癌組織(腫瘤組)與59例癌旁組織(癌旁對(duì)照組)的RNAseq數(shù)據(jù)及對(duì)應(yīng)的肺腺癌患者臨床數(shù)據(jù)。預(yù)處理肺腺癌數(shù)據(jù)集lncRNA表達(dá)的RNAseqV2數(shù)據(jù)。
1.2 LINC00319表達(dá)與臨床病理特征和預(yù)后的關(guān)系
對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)集中LINC00319的表達(dá)進(jìn)行由高到低排序,采用四分位法,選取75%為截?cái)嘀?,將樣本分為高表達(dá)組(LINC00319≥6.1286)和低表達(dá)組(LINC00319<6.1286)。根據(jù)病床病理特征對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析比較。隨后利用Kaplan-Meier Plotter數(shù)據(jù)中的肺癌數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行在線分析(http://kmplot.com/analysis/)。
1.3 基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)
通過(guò)對(duì)LINC00319的表達(dá)值進(jìn)行K(K = 2)均值聚類(lèi),根據(jù)聚類(lèi)結(jié)果將樣本分為低表達(dá)組和高表達(dá)組。利用GSEA的R語(yǔ)言版本進(jìn)行富集分析,分析的通路來(lái)自于MsigDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的c2.cp.kegg.v6.2.symbols.gmt數(shù)據(jù)集。采取的是GSEA中的加權(quán)富集分析方法,通過(guò)對(duì)樣本標(biāo)擾動(dòng)的方式進(jìn)行隨機(jī)計(jì)算,隨機(jī)次數(shù)設(shè)置為1000次,計(jì)算P值。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,使用GraphPad Prism v6進(jìn)行圖片繪制。LINC00319在肺腺癌及相應(yīng)癌旁組織中的表達(dá)水平比較采用非參數(shù)秩和檢驗(yàn),卡方檢驗(yàn)用于評(píng)估其表達(dá)水平與臨床參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。Kaplan-Meier曲線及Log Rank檢驗(yàn)對(duì)不同LINC00319表達(dá)水平肺腺癌患者進(jìn)行分析。COX風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比例模型用于評(píng)估肺癌患者的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)預(yù)后因數(shù)。以P < 0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 LINC00319在腫瘤組與癌旁對(duì)照組中的表達(dá)量及其與肺腺癌臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性
與癌旁對(duì)照組比較,LINC00319表達(dá)水平在腫瘤組中明顯升高(P < 0.001)。見(jiàn)圖1。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,其表達(dá)水平與性別(P = 0.065)、年齡(P = 1.000)、N分期(P = 0.065)無(wú)關(guān),與吸煙(P = 0.045),T分期(P = 0.045)、M分期(P = 0.040)以及Stage分期(P = 0.002)有關(guān)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 LINC00319表達(dá)與肺腺癌患者預(yù)后關(guān)系
本研究利用TCGA進(jìn)行生存預(yù)后分析,結(jié)果顯示:LINC00319表達(dá)水平與肺腺癌患者預(yù)后有顯著相關(guān)性(P = 0.005),表達(dá)越高,預(yù)后越差(圖2A)。同時(shí),利用在線Kaplan-Meier曲線進(jìn)行分析,其結(jié)果(P = 0.026)與TCGA分析一致(圖2B)。多因素COX風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比例模型結(jié)果顯示,高LINC00319表達(dá)水平(P = 0.043),Ⅲ+Ⅳ(P = 0.000)及T3+T4(P = 0.021)是肺腺癌患者預(yù)后差的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 LINC00319功能基因集富集
GSEA分析結(jié)果顯示:LINC00319功能富集在細(xì)胞黏附(FDR = 0,見(jiàn)圖4A)、細(xì)胞因子相互作用(FDR = 0,見(jiàn)圖4B)、VEGF信號(hào)通路(FDR = 0.04,見(jiàn)圖4C)、細(xì)胞凋亡(FDR = 0.04,見(jiàn)圖4D)等通路中。
3 討論
肺癌是目前全球最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,肺腺癌作為肺癌最常見(jiàn)的病理類(lèi)型,其發(fā)病機(jī)制需引起我們的關(guān)注。LncRNA表達(dá)與肺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展存在密切關(guān)系。Wang等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00968能夠抑制體外非小細(xì)胞肺癌的生長(zhǎng)、遷移和侵襲。Hu等[13]認(rèn)為lncRNA可用于預(yù)測(cè)鉑類(lèi)治療在肺癌患者中的反應(yīng)和毒性。李雪萍等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)表達(dá)LOC90024可促進(jìn)A549的生長(zhǎng)、遷移和侵襲,提示其可能在肺癌中起癌基因的作用。Lu等[15]認(rèn)為高表達(dá)LncRNA MEG3抑制非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞增殖,引起細(xì)胞周期阻滯,抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)。
LINC00319位于基因組21q22.3上,含有5個(gè)外顯子。Zhou等[16]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319通過(guò)直接結(jié)合并下調(diào)miR-32來(lái)促進(jìn)肺癌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲。Du等[17]研究表明LINC00319通過(guò)抑制miR-423-5p上調(diào)NACC1表達(dá)來(lái)促進(jìn)卵巢癌的進(jìn)展。Song等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319在鼻咽癌中顯著增加,其過(guò)表達(dá)提示鼻咽癌患者預(yù)后不良。Li等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319通過(guò)miR-1207-5p介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶3的調(diào)節(jié)在皮膚鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中發(fā)揮致癌作用。Zhang等[20]發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)miR-450b-5p/EZH2信號(hào)途徑促進(jìn)肺腺癌進(jìn)展。目前,LINC00319在肺腺癌中的表達(dá)、對(duì)預(yù)后的影響等在我國(guó)未見(jiàn)相關(guān)報(bào)道。
本研究通過(guò)生物信息學(xué)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319在肺腺癌中的表達(dá)明顯高于對(duì)照組,其表達(dá)與性別、年齡、N分期無(wú)關(guān),與吸煙、T分期、M分期以及stage分期均存在關(guān)系,預(yù)后分析結(jié)果表明,其表達(dá)與肺腺癌患者預(yù)后存在顯著相關(guān)性,表達(dá)越高,預(yù)后越差。多因素COX邏輯回歸分析顯示,高LINC00319表達(dá)水平,Ⅲ/Ⅳ及T3/T4是肺腺癌患者預(yù)后差的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。在GSEA分析中,發(fā)現(xiàn)LINC00319功能富集在細(xì)胞黏附、細(xì)胞因子相互作用、VEGF信號(hào)通路、細(xì)胞凋亡等通路中,而這些通路均與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移、侵襲密切相關(guān)。
綜上所述,LINC00319可能通過(guò)多種途徑促進(jìn)肺腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,進(jìn)而影響肺腺癌患者的預(yù)后生存,因此,LINC00319可作為診斷肺腺癌的標(biāo)志物或者潛在治療靶點(diǎn)。在未來(lái)工作中,我們將進(jìn)一步收集臨床標(biāo)本進(jìn)行分析,為肺腺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展分子機(jī)制的研究探討奠定基礎(chǔ)。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-27? 本文編輯:封? ?華)