鄒玉芳
摘 ?要:定語從句是英語語法中的重要組成部分,在高考中所占比例很大,無論單選,改錯,還是閱讀中,學(xué)生在理解中有難度。筆者從學(xué)生易錯易混淆的知識點入手,對難點進行針對性的深入對比及分析。
關(guān)鍵詞:定語從句;實例;解析
全國高考英語卷對三大從句(定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句)的考查一直以來都占了相當(dāng)大的比例。這三類從句按其作用又可以分為成為:形容詞性從句、名詞性從句和副詞性從句。高考對這類復(fù)合句的考查的形式不僅體現(xiàn)在語法填空和改錯中,還會滲透在每篇文章的長難句中,因此掌握這三大從句的使用至關(guān)重要。但是,由于受漢語思維的影響,學(xué)生們在平日學(xué)習(xí)過程中,依然不能十分準(zhǔn)確地理解,掌握和使用這三大從句。尤其是定語從句,作為三大從句的重中之重。。因此,筆者針對這一情況歸納總結(jié)了定語從句高頻考點及學(xué)生容易出錯的典型例句,以強化學(xué)生對這一重點知識的理解和掌握。
易混考點一:關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
1.I will never forget the day______I met you.(填關(guān)系副詞when,先行詞the day在定語從句作狀語)
2.I will never forget the day______we spent together.(填關(guān)系代詞that或which,先行詞the day 在定語從句中作賓語)
總結(jié):定語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞分為關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞。基本判斷依據(jù)為:當(dāng)定語從句缺少主語或賓語時,選用關(guān)系代詞;當(dāng)定語從句主謂賓齊全時,選用關(guān)系副詞。
例:1.Is this the factory______ you visited the other day?(填that或which)
2.Is this the factory______ your father once worked?(填where)
3.This film brought the days back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(填when)
4.This film brought the days back to me_____ I had spent with my good friends in that far-away village.(填that或which)
易混考點二:定語從句與并列句
1.He has written two novels,both of ___ has been translated into English.(填which,此句不含連詞,which關(guān)系代詞指代two novels)
2.He has written two novels,and both of ___ has been translated into English.(填them,此句為and連接的并列句)
總結(jié):關(guān)鍵在于先判斷是并列句還是復(fù)合句。并列句有and,but,so 等并列連詞或分號連接,這時就不必再用關(guān)系詞了。而定語從句中,關(guān)系詞起著連接作用,不必再用and,but,so等連詞了。
例:①He has three daughters,none of ____is an teacher.(whom)
②He has three daughters,but none of ____is a dancer.(them)
易混考點三:定語從句與狀語從句
1. ?I ?will ?always ?remember ?the ?days _____ I ?lived ?with
my grandparents in the countryside.(填 when,when 引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作狀語)
2. I ?always ?remember ?the ?days ?in ?the ?countryside_____I see the photo of my grandparents.(填 when,when 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)
總結(jié):定語從句與時間狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于:定語從句有表示時間的先行詞,而時間狀語從句則沒有,狀語從句用于修飾主句謂語動詞。
例:1. We should go to the place ______is in need of help.
(填 which/that,關(guān)系代詞 which/that 在從句中作主語)
2. We should go_____we were most needed.(填 where,where 引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句)
易混考點四.定語從句與名詞性從句
1.______has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(填Whoever,在此引導(dǎo)主語從句)
2. Anyone______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(填 who,在此引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語)
3._____is ?known ?to ?everybody,the whale is not fish but mammal. (填 As,as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾后面這句話的內(nèi)容)
4._____is ?known ?to ?everybody ?that the whale is not fish but mammal .(此題答案為 It。it 作形式主語,真正的主語是 that 引導(dǎo)的從句)
5.He made a decision _____ annoyed his parents.(填that或which,decision 在從句中作主語)
總結(jié):定語從句與同位語從句:定語從句是形容詞性從句,其作用相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,用來修飾或限制前面的名詞或代詞;同位語從句是對前面的抽象名詞進一步說明與解釋,是名詞的具體內(nèi)容,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。
例(1)The news_______he told me was false.(that/不填)
(2)The news_____our team won the match is true.(that)
易混考點五:定語從句與強調(diào)句
1.Its on that day _____people celebrated their victory.(填 that,構(gòu)成強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu))
2.Its a day _____ people celebrated their victory.(填 when引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語)
3.It was in the room _______ we used to have meetings.(填 that,構(gòu)成強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu))
4.It was a room _______ we used to have meetings.(填 where引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語)
總結(jié):定語從句與強調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于:強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was+ 被強調(diào)部分 +that+ 從句”。被強調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分,當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是人時,還可用who代替that.這一句型中,一定不能因為被強調(diào)部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when 或 where代替that。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,第 1和第3小題是強調(diào)句,填 that。此種情況檢測的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是:先把強調(diào)句中的“It is/was...that”去掉,再把被強調(diào)部分還原,在不增加或減少單詞的情況下調(diào)整下語序,若句子仍然完整則為強調(diào)句,否則為定語從句。如:第1小題去掉強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),句子變成:People celebrated their victory on that day也是正確的,故為強調(diào)句。
參考文獻
[1] ?教育部. 普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ?北京師范大學(xué)出版社
[2] ?劉運光. 熟知定從三部曲,從此解題不畏懼 ?考點縱橫[J]2016(7)