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詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

2019-10-28 02:05張梅
廣東教育·高中 2019年10期
關(guān)鍵詞:題是副詞形容詞

張梅

今年三套全國(guó)卷中的語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)共有十道題考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,可見(jiàn)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是高考的必考點(diǎn)之一。解答這類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵就是熟練掌握詞性與成分之間的關(guān)系。

在英語(yǔ)中,不同的詞性所做的成分往往不同。比如,下列例句中的劃線詞的意思都是“成功”,但是由于所做的成分不同,使用的詞性也不同。

詞性與成分之間的關(guān)系是中英文的一大不同之處。下面結(jié)合今年的高考題講講最??嫉娜N詞性:形容詞、副詞和名詞。

1. 形容詞主要做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。

定語(yǔ)通常修飾名詞,而表語(yǔ)則位于系動(dòng)詞之后。系動(dòng)詞中最常見(jiàn)的是be, 此外,常用的還有l(wèi)ook, sound, feel, smell, taste, keep, stay, remain, become, get, turn等。

2. 副詞通常做狀語(yǔ)。

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。

3. 名詞主要做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。

現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看看今年全國(guó)卷中的語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)是如何考查這三種詞性的:

1.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)They also shared with us many__________(tradition)stories.

2.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.

3.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)We are so proud of her. Its__________(wonder).

4.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.

5.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been__________(poor)studied.

6.(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Her years of hard work have__________(final)been acknowledged.

7.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were__________(huge)popular with tourists.

8.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __________(compete)to watch.

9.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a__________(believe)that populations are increasing.

10.(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.

試題解析:

1~4道題都是考查形容詞的用法。

第1、2題是形容詞做定語(yǔ),分別修飾后面的名詞stories和café, 所以答案分別是traditional 和ordinary。第3、4題是形容詞作表語(yǔ),分別位于系動(dòng)詞is和looked之后,答案分別是wonderful 和cool。

5~7題都是考查副詞的用法。

第5、6題是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞study和acknowledge, 所以答案分別是poorly 和finally。第7題是副詞修飾形容詞popular,答案是hugely。

8~10題都是考查名詞的用法。

三者都是做介詞(of和to)的賓語(yǔ), 答案分別是competition, belief和surprise。也可這樣判斷,在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后,用名詞。

最后給同學(xué)們提兩條建議:

一是要多練習(xí),多思考。俗話說(shuō),熟能生巧。所以,適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)是必不可少的。更重要的是,對(duì)于錯(cuò)題一定要多反思,反復(fù)體會(huì)詞性與成分之間的關(guān)系。

二是要重視派生詞的學(xué)習(xí)和積累,熟記常見(jiàn)的前綴和后綴。例如:在學(xué)習(xí)compete這個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)其名詞(competition, competitor)和形容詞(competitive),并記住名詞后綴-tion, -or和形容詞后綴-ive。這種方式不僅有助于擴(kuò)大詞匯量,而且可以讓我們?cè)谧鲈~性轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)得心應(yīng)手。

練一練

1. She is determined to carry on with her _______________ (educate).

2. This switch has decreased _____________(pollute)in the countrys major lakes.

3. The river was so polluted that it ______________(actual)caught fire and burned.

4. The crowd of strangers ______________(sudden)became friendly to one another.

5. ______________(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.

6. My legs become _____________(pain).

7. She was _______________ (surprise)helpful.

8. One of the __________(effect)ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.

9. He has ruined his healthy.

10. Im terrible sorry that I wont be able to come this time.

11. Try to remain quiet and calmly.

12. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.

答案:1. education 2. pollution 3. actually 4. suddenly 5. Luckily 6. painful 7. surprisingly 8. effective 9. healthy—health? 10. terrible—terribly 11. calmly—calm 12. grow—growth

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青

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