貫福春
摘要:目的? 探討X線、MRI診斷原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的臨床價值。方法? 選取2018年4月~2019年4月在我院診治的96例椎體壓縮性骨折患者為研究對象,根據(jù)疾病良惡性分為觀察組和對照組,觀察組為53例原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松癥椎體壓縮性骨折,對照組為43例轉(zhuǎn)移瘤繼發(fā)性椎體壓縮性骨折,比較兩組X線片、MRI影像圖像特點。結(jié)果? 觀察組X線檢出椎體骨折72例,以凹陷形為主(65.27%),椎體骨密度降低占93.05%,椎管變形占11.11%,累及終板占30.55%。對照組X線檢出椎體骨折23例,形態(tài)以楔形壓縮為主(56.52%),椎管狹窄占17.39%,累及終板占26.09%。MRI檢查出觀察組椎體后緣上角或下角后翹占97.22%,T1WI序列顯示局限性低信號占38.89%,T2WI脂肪抑制序列顯示高信號占58.33%;對照組圓隆狀椎體后緣占96.07%,不規(guī)則結(jié)節(jié)狀椎體旁軟組織腫塊占72.54%,骨折病灶T1WI顯示彌漫性低信號占86.27%,T2WI脂肪抑制序列顯示高信號占92.15%,增強掃描顯示明顯強化。結(jié)論? X線、MRI均可鑒別診斷原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮性骨折和轉(zhuǎn)移瘤繼發(fā)性椎體壓縮性骨折,臨床應(yīng)根據(jù)患者具體情況,選擇適宜的方案進行檢查。
關(guān)鍵詞:骨質(zhì)疏松;椎體壓縮性骨折;X線;MRI
中圖分類號:R445.2? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.03.057
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)03-0171-02
The Value of X-ray and MRI in the Diagnosis of Primary Osteoporotic
Compression Fracture of Vertebral Body
GUAN Fu-chun
(Department of Radiology,Dongli Hospital,Dongli District,Tianjin 300300,China)
Abstract:Objective? To explore the clinical value of X-ray and MRI in the diagnosis of primary osteoporotic compression fracture of vertebral body. Methods? A total of 96 patients with compression fracture of vertebral body diagnosed and treated in our hospital from April 2018 to April 2019 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into observation group and control group according to the benign and malignant disease, and observation group was 53 cases of primary osteoporosis compression fracture of vertebral body in the control group were 43 cases of secondary compression fracture of vertebral body with metastases in the control group. The characteristics of X-ray films and MRI images were compared between the two groups.Results? X-ray examination showed that 72 cases of compression fracture of vertebral body in the observation group were mainly depressed (65.27%). The decrease of vertebral bone density accounted for 93.05%, the spinal canal deformation accounted for 11.11%, and the endplate involved 30.55%. In the control group, 23 cases of vertebral fractures were detected by X-ray. The shape was mainly wedge-shaped compression (56.52%), spinal canal stenosis accounted for 17.39%, and endplate involvement involved 26.09%.MRI showed that the upper or lower angle of the posterior margin of the vertebral body in the observation group accounted for 97.22%.T1WI sequence showed localized low signal accounted for 38.89%, T2WI fat inhibition sequence showed high signal accounted for 58.33%; control group rounded vertebral posterior margin accounted for 96.07%, irregular nodular paravertebral soft tissue mass accounted for 72.54%, fracture Lesion T1WI showed diffuse low signal accounting for 86.27, T2WI fat suppression sequence showed high signal accounting for 92.15%, and enhanced scan showed significant enhancement. Conclusion? X-ray and MRI can differentiate primary osteoporotic compression fracture of vertebral body and metastatic tumor secondary compression fracture of vertebral body. The appropriate scheme should be selected according to the specific situation of the patient.
Key words:Osteoporosis;Compression fracture of vertebral body;X-ray;MRI
椎體壓縮性骨折(compression fracture of vertebral body)是臨床常見骨折,常見治療方式為手術(shù)治療,包括椎體成形術(shù)、椎弓根釘固定等。臨床手術(shù)方式的選擇,需要準(zhǔn)確了解患者骨折線、骨折程度、椎管狹窄等情況,一般多通過X線、MRI等影像學(xué)檢查對患者病情進行評估[1]。椎體壓縮性骨折有良惡性兩種,良性骨折以原發(fā)性骨組織疏松骨折為主,惡性以轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤骨折為主[2]。正確鑒別診斷椎體壓縮性骨折的良惡性,對制定治療方案、改善患者預(yù)后有重要意義。本研究結(jié)合2018年4月~2019年4月在我院就診的96例骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮性骨折患者作為研究對象,評估研究X線、MRI鑒別椎體壓縮性骨折良惡性的價值,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料? 選取2018年4月~2019年4月在天津市東麗區(qū)東麗醫(yī)院診治的96例骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮性骨折患者為研究對象,根據(jù)疾病良惡性分為觀察組和對照組,觀察組為53例原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松癥椎體壓縮性骨折,對照組為43例轉(zhuǎn)移瘤繼發(fā)性椎體壓縮性骨折。所有患者均經(jīng)病理檢查確診,排除外傷性椎體壓縮性骨折及肝腎功能嚴(yán)重障礙、凝血機制障等患者。觀察組中男性31例,女性22例;年齡49~78歲,平均年齡(67.19±2.09)歲。對照組男性28例,女性15例;年齡48~76歲,平均年齡(68.04±1.78)歲。兩組年齡、性別比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者自愿參加本研究,并簽署知情同意書。
1.2方法? ①X線檢查:首先進行胸腰椎正側(cè)位常規(guī)X線片檢查,確保中心線與患者L3/4水平對準(zhǔn)攝影,腰椎正位、側(cè)位片電壓為80~90 KV,電流為35~50 MAs、50~70 MAs。觀察患者脊椎病變位置、數(shù)目、椎體形態(tài)、椎體密度、椎管受累情況以及程度等。②MRI檢查:首先進行常規(guī)MRI掃描,包括脊柱矢狀位(T1WI、T2WI)脂肪抑制、橫斷位R2WI。T1WI TR、TE分別為500~550 ms、11~20 ms,F(xiàn)SE T2WI TR、TE分別為2500~4000 ms、90~140 ms;頸椎掃描層厚3 mm,層間距1 mm,胸腰椎掃描層厚4 mm,層間距1 mm。隨后進行增強掃描,肘部注射對比劑,劑量為0.2 mmol/kg,速率為2.5 ml/s。全面觀察病變椎體信號、分布、形態(tài)、椎旁軟組織是否存在腫塊、椎管是否狹窄等情況。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)? 觀察兩組脊椎病變位置、數(shù)目、椎體形態(tài)、椎體密度、椎管受累情況
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法? 采用Excel 2015錄入數(shù)據(jù),計數(shù)資料采用(%)描述。
2結(jié)果
2.1 X線檢查結(jié)果? ①觀察組檢出椎體骨折72例,其中椎體上緣或下緣凹陷47例(65.27%),雙凹23例(31.94%),扁平形12例(16.67%);椎體骨密度降低67例(93.05%),椎管變形8例(11.11%),累及終板22例(30.55%)。②對照組檢出椎體骨折23例,椎體楔形壓縮13例(56.52%),椎管狹窄4例(17.39%),累及終板6例(26.09%)。
2.2 MRI檢查結(jié)果
2.2.1觀察組? 檢出椎體骨折72例,椎體后緣上角或下角后翹70例(97.22%),T1WI序列顯示局限性低信號28例(38.89%),T2WI脂肪抑制序列顯示高信號42例(58.33%);增強掃描顯示病灶信號不均勻增高,椎旁軟組織、椎旁均勻環(huán)形軟組織影9例,顯示椎管變形78例;椎體終板骨折中斷34例。
2.2.2對照組? 檢出椎體骨折51例,圓隆狀椎體后緣50例(96.07%),不規(guī)則結(jié)節(jié)狀椎體旁軟組織腫塊37例(72.54%);骨折病灶T1WI顯示彌漫性低信號44例(86.27%),T2WI脂肪抑制序列顯示高信號47例(92.15%);增強掃描顯示明顯強化。
3討論
老年人容易發(fā)生骨質(zhì)疏松,隨著年齡的增加,骨量減少,骨微結(jié)果破壞,骨小梁被吸收、變薄細,出現(xiàn)骨小梁厚度與吸收程度失衡,容易發(fā)生凹陷[3]。如果不及時補充,隨著骨量日益減少,會發(fā)展成為小梁骨穿孔,甚至斷裂,增加骨折發(fā)生率。目前,臨床診斷原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮性骨折常用影像學(xué)檢查包括CT、MRI、X線片等,其中X線操作簡單,輻射小,費用低,在基層醫(yī)院廣泛應(yīng)用[4]。但其診斷準(zhǔn)確率低,容易漏診。MRI對組織分辨率高,并且可多方位成像,在診斷骨組織疏松椎體壓縮性骨折中具有一定的優(yōu)勢[5]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,X線片檢查出觀察組椎體骨折72個,以凹陷形為主,椎體骨密度降低占93.05%,椎管變形11.11%,累及終板占30.55%。對照組X線片檢出椎體骨折23個,以楔形壓縮為主,椎管狹窄占17.39%,累及終板占39.13%。該結(jié)論與文獻[6]研究結(jié)果相似:X線可檢查骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮,可顯示骨小梁間隙變大,骨密度小,皮質(zhì)薄。本研究結(jié)果顯示,MRI檢查出觀察組椎體后緣上角或下角后翹占97.22%,T1WI序列顯示局限性低信號占38.89%,T2WI脂肪抑制序列顯示高信號占58.33%。表明MRI診斷原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮性骨折表現(xiàn)為椎體形態(tài)改變,椎體信號異常,其中形態(tài)方面包括凹陷形壓縮為主,T1WI/T2WI椎體內(nèi)多呈現(xiàn)略高信號特點。對照組MRI檢出51個椎體,圓隆狀椎體后緣占96.07%,不規(guī)則結(jié)節(jié)狀椎體旁軟組織腫塊占72.54%,骨折病灶T1WI顯示彌漫性低信號占86.27%,T2WI脂肪抑制序列顯示高信號占92.15%,增強掃描顯示明顯強化。說明轉(zhuǎn)移瘤繼發(fā)椎體壓縮性骨折患者椎體形態(tài)主要為圓隆狀椎體后緣,與腫瘤膨脹占位性生長特點有關(guān)。
綜上所述,X線、MRI可鑒別診斷原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮骨折與轉(zhuǎn)移瘤繼發(fā)椎體壓縮骨折,其中原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮骨折典型征象為椎體后緣上角或下角后翹,而轉(zhuǎn)移瘤繼發(fā)椎體壓縮骨折以椎體后緣圓隆為主。
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收稿日期:2019-11-18;修回日期:2019-11-28
編輯/王朵梅