陶藝丞
前兩期我們討論了社會主義核心價(jià)值觀里面的富強(qiáng)(prosperity)、民主(democracy),今天我們要介紹的是第三個(gè)詞——文明(civility)。
一、文明的概念
“文明”一詞翻譯成英文叫做“civility”,意思相近于politeness,指“the act ofshowing regard for others”,是一種社會行為。
civility [sa'vilati]n.禮貌;謙恭
例句:1.They greeted us with civility.
他們很有禮貌地迎接了我們。
2. Tom shows his civility before his parents' friends.
湯姆在他父母的朋友面前表現(xiàn)得很有禮貌。
它的反義詞是incivility [.insa'vilati]n.無禮;粗魯
例句:She is tired of his constant incivility.
她厭倦了他一貫的無禮。
它的形容詞是civilized ['sivalaizd] adj.文明的;有禮的;優(yōu)雅的
例句:Such behavior is unacceptable in a civilized society.
這樣的行為在文明社會里是不受歡迎的。
此外,“文明“一詞還可以翻譯為civilization,這里指的是“the way people livetogether in a certain place at a certain time”,是人類精神面和物質(zhì)面的行為模式的復(fù)合體。
civilization[,sivalai'zeifn]n.文明;教養(yǎng)
例句:1. Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.
中國文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。
2. He is remembered for his generosity and civilization.
他因慷慨和良好的教養(yǎng)而被人們懷念。
常見詞匯搭配:
動(dòng)詞 + ~
create /destroy the civilization創(chuàng)造/毀滅文明
spread civilization傳播文明
形容調(diào) + ~
ancient civilization古代文明
modern civilization現(xiàn)代文明
great civilization偉大文明
high civilization高度文明
moral civilization道德文明
spiritual civilization精神文明
Oriental civilization東方文明
Western civilization西方文明
二、疫情期間的文明表現(xiàn)
The Spring Festival in 2020 is really special when China is making an effort to fightagainst the COVID-19. As a Chinese, what should we do to show our civility during thisperiod? Let's take a look.
2020年的春節(jié)是不尋常的,中國正努力地對抗COVID-19。作為一個(gè)中國人,我們在疫情期間應(yīng)該做好哪些行為來表現(xiàn)我們的文明呢?我們一起來了解一下吧!
1 Wear a mask when going out 出門戴口罩
一般來說,用mask來表達(dá)口罩的用法比較普遍。在詞典中,mask指的是“a covering for part or all of theface,worn to hide or protect it"(一部分或全部臉的覆蓋物,用來隱藏或保護(hù)它)。
N95口罩=N95-certified masks
為什么叫N95口罩?因?yàn)槭荖IOSH(National Institutefor Occupational Safety and Health,美國國家職業(yè)安全衛(wèi)生研究所)認(rèn)證的9種防顆粒物口罩中的一種。
A mask rated N95 filters out more than 95% of particles larger than 0.3 microns.
達(dá)到N95等級的口罩可以濾除超過95%的直徑大于0.3微米的顆粒物。
醫(yī)用外科口罩= surgical mask
surgical用作形容詞的時(shí)候意思為“used in or connected withsurgery”,就是指“外科的;外科手術(shù)的”。加上mask就是外科口罩啦!
2 Don't shake hands or hug when meeting
見面不握手或擁抱
3 Never party or dine together
不聚會,不聚餐
party v.聚會
例句:That night we partied until dawn.
那晚我們痛飲到天亮。
dine[dain]v.用正餐;進(jìn)餐
例句:Every weekend, we dine at a nice little restaurant in the neighbourhood.
每個(gè)周末,我們在附近一家別致的小餐館進(jìn)餐。
4 Avoid disclosing false information
不傳謠
disclose[dis'klauz]v.揭露;使某物顯露;公開
例句:I have no intention of disclosing theirnames.我無意泄露他們的姓名。
5 Make fewer trips outside
少出門
6 Don't discard masks at will 不亂扔口罩
discard [dis'ka:d]v.丟棄
例句:He discarded his winter clothing.
他把冬天穿的衣服都丟棄了。
at will 隨意;任意
例句:He tells us that we can wander around at will.
他告訴我們說我們可以任意閑逛。
7 Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing
咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)用紙巾掩口鼻
tissue ['tifu:]n.紙巾
例句:She gave us a box of tissues.
她遞給我們一盒紙巾。
sneeze [sni:z]V.打噴嚏
例句:The dust made him sneeze.
灰塵使他打了個(gè)噴嚏。
8 Obey the rules in your community
遵守社區(qū)管理規(guī)定
Let's do the above things and bea civilized person! As long as we pulltogether, I believe we can get over theepidemic soon!