曹高凡 陳志英
【摘要】目的 探討綜合中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)輔佐中藥湯劑口服治療冠心病合并高血壓患者的臨床療效。方法 選取我院2018年01月~2019年10月收治的48例冠心病合并高血壓患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組(n=24)。對(duì)照組給予中西醫(yī)藥物治療及常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組在對(duì)照組用藥基礎(chǔ)上給予中藥湯劑口服輔以綜合中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)技術(shù)。干預(yù)14 d,對(duì)比兩組患者治療有效率、心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)心功能和血壓改善情況。結(jié)果 干預(yù)后,觀察組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,發(fā)作次數(shù)明顯少于對(duì)照組;干預(yù)后,觀察組心功能監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)中左室收縮末期和舒張內(nèi)徑均小于干預(yù)前,左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)增大,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),變化明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組;干預(yù)后,兩組血壓均較干預(yù)前有明顯下降,但觀察組下降水平明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 綜合中醫(yī)護(hù)理技術(shù)配合中藥湯劑內(nèi)服,能明顯緩解冠心病合并高血壓患者臨床癥狀,減少心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù),改善患者心功能和血壓水平效果顯著。
【關(guān)鍵詞】冠心病;高血壓;中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù);中藥湯劑;心功能;血壓
【中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)】R248 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】ISSN.2095.6681.2020.9..02
Evaluation of the effect of oral administration of coronary
heart disease combined with hypertension Chinese medicine decoction
on traditional Chinese medicine nursing intervention
CAO? Gao-fan1, CHEN? Zhi-ying2
(1.Nursing Department of Ganyu District Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine,
Jiangsu Province Lianyungang City 222100,China;
2.Department of Cardiology,Ganyu District Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine,
Jiangsu Province Lianyungang City 222100,China)
【Abstract】Objective? ?To explore the clinical efficacy of comprehensive Chinese medicine nursing intervention and Chinese medicine decoction in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension.Methods? ?Forty-eight patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension who were admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to October 2019 were randomly divided into control group and observation group (n=24).The control group was given Chinese and Western medicine treatment and routine nursing.The observation group was given the traditional Chinese medicine decoction on the basis of the control group and supplemented with comprehensive Chinese medicine nursing intervention technology.After 14 days of intervention, the effective rate of treatment, cardiac function and blood pressure improvement of angina pectoris were compared between the two groups.Results? ?After the intervention,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the number of seizures was significantly less than that of the control group. After the intervention,the left ventricular end-systolic and diastolic diameters of the observation group were less than that before the intervention, and the left ventricular ejection fraction increased. Large (P<0.01),the change was significantly better than the control group; after the intervention, the blood pressure of the two groups was significantly lower than that before the intervention,but the decline level of the observation group was significantly better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion? ?Comprehensive Chinese medicine nursing technology combined with traditional Chinese medicine decoction can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms of coronary heart disease patients with hypertension,reduce the number of angina attacks,and improve the heart function and blood pressure level of patients.
【Key words】Coronary heart disease;Hypertension;Traditional Chinese medicine nursing intervention;Traditional Chinese medicine decoction;Heart function;Blood pressure
最新中國(guó)人群冠心病死亡率和變化趨勢(shì)顯示,心血管病已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)居民死亡的首要原因[1]。隨著國(guó)家對(duì)慢病管理工作的重視,我國(guó)心血管病防治工作已取得初步成效,但仍面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。總體上看,我國(guó)腦卒中標(biāo)化死亡率已下降,但冠心病標(biāo)化死亡率及心肌梗死死亡率仍呈上升態(tài)勢(shì)[2]。目前推算心血管病現(xiàn)患人數(shù)2.9億,其中冠心病1100萬(wàn),高血壓2.7億[3]。冠心病誘發(fā)因素中高血壓是一種高危獨(dú)立因素[4]。冠心病于中醫(yī)稱(chēng)為“胸痹”,分為心血瘀阻型、心肺陽(yáng)虛等分型。心血瘀阻證治則活血化瘀,心肺陽(yáng)虛需宣痹通陽(yáng)[5]。中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療對(duì)于冠心病臨床研究較多,本研究主要探討中醫(yī)綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)輔佐中藥湯劑內(nèi)服中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療冠心病合并高血壓的效果。
1 資料和方法
1.1? 一般資料
選取連云港市贛榆區(qū)中醫(yī)院2018年01月~2019年10月收治的48例冠心病合并高血壓患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組各24例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)冠心病和高血壓診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照WHO制定的《缺血性心臟病的命名及診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和《高血壓處理指南》中相關(guān)臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]。(2)中醫(yī)診斷為胸痹心痛病,心血瘀阻證。(3)患者及家屬知情同意。排除合并嚴(yán)重糖尿病、皮膚過(guò)敏及破損患者。對(duì)照組男10例,女14例,年齡48~78歲,平均(67.62±2.25)歲;病程3~22年,平均(14.38±3.17)年;心功能分級(jí):Ⅰ級(jí)6例,Ⅱ級(jí)7例,Ⅲ級(jí)10例,Ⅳ級(jí)1例;高血壓分級(jí):一級(jí)4例,二級(jí)16例,三級(jí)4例。觀察組男11例,女13例,年齡47~79歲,平均(68.03±3.12)歲;病程3~23年,平均(14.47±3.31)年;心功能分級(jí):Ⅰ級(jí)5例,Ⅱ級(jí)8例,Ⅲ級(jí)11例,Ⅳ級(jí)1例;高血壓分級(jí):一級(jí)4例,二級(jí)15例,三級(jí)5例。兩組一般資料比較無(wú)差異,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2? 方法
1.2.1 對(duì)照組
實(shí)施擴(kuò)血管降壓,活血化瘀,調(diào)脂利尿及改善心肌等藥物治療方案和常規(guī)護(hù)理:(1)藥物治療:阿司匹林腸溶片0.1 mg,口服,1次/日。匹伐他丁鈣片2 mg,口服,1次/日。硫酸氫氯吡格雷片75 mg1次/日。厄貝沙坦氫氯噻嗪片1#,口服,1次/日。大株紅景天注射液5ml,靜脈滴注,1次/日。(2)心內(nèi)科常規(guī)護(hù)理:①舒適護(hù)理:密切監(jiān)測(cè)血壓、脈搏、呼吸、心律、血氧飽和度。準(zhǔn)確記錄24 h尿量。給予吸氧2 L/分。遵醫(yī)囑予以降壓藥,血管擴(kuò)張劑。嚴(yán)格控制輸液速度。保持情緒穩(wěn)定,發(fā)作時(shí)指導(dǎo)患者臥床休息,減少心肌耗氧量[7]。②心理護(hù)理:耐心向患者解釋病情,鼓勵(lì)患者表達(dá)自己的感受,消除心理緊張和顧慮,建立良好的護(hù)患關(guān)系。為患者提供一個(gè)舒適的休息環(huán)境。夜間保持病室安靜,必要時(shí)遵醫(yī)囑應(yīng)用鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥物。③預(yù)防便秘:囑其進(jìn)食清淡易消化飲食并及時(shí)添加纖維素豐富的食物,指導(dǎo)患者進(jìn)行腹部環(huán)形按摩以促進(jìn)腸蠕動(dòng),必要時(shí)使用緩瀉劑[8]。④潛在并發(fā)癥護(hù)理:指導(dǎo)患者正確服用藥物,密切觀察患者有無(wú)乏力,惡心,嘔吐現(xiàn)象。監(jiān)測(cè)尿量及有無(wú)浮腫情況。遵醫(yī)囑抽血復(fù)查電解質(zhì),觀察有無(wú)低鈉,低鉀血癥。⑤冠心病保健及預(yù)防健康教育:向患者講解疾病的發(fā)生過(guò)程與治療方案。充分了解患者的個(gè)性。利用語(yǔ)言的心理治療作用及語(yǔ)言技巧在交談中所表現(xiàn)的自信來(lái)增強(qiáng)患者的治療信心,保持情緒穩(wěn)定,使患者積極配合治療。
1.2.2 觀察組
在對(duì)照組藥物治療基礎(chǔ)上增加中藥湯劑口服并輔佐綜合中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)措施:(1)中藥湯劑:方選血符逐瘀湯加減,日一劑,水煎內(nèi)服。組方:川芎15 g,桃仁10 g,紅花15 g,丹參15 g,灸甘草10 g,赤芍15 g,郁金10 g,當(dāng)歸15 g,木香10 g,柴胡10 g,枳殼10 g,牛膝10 g,桔梗10 g,生地15 g,降香10 g。(2)穴位貼敷:選取院內(nèi)制劑通脈止痛貼(乳香,丹參,紅花,當(dāng)歸等,取飴糖調(diào)制而成穴位貼),選雙側(cè)內(nèi)關(guān)、雙心俞和膻中5穴位行外貼敷,貼敷時(shí)間4 h,1次/日,共14 d為一個(gè)療程。(3)耳穴按摩及貼壓:采取白虎下山手法行雙耳穴位按摩,從上而下按摩雙耳耳背之降壓溝及耳背五臟穴,共按摩5 min。之后選高血壓相關(guān)點(diǎn)耳穴如耳降壓溝、降壓點(diǎn)、神門(mén)、內(nèi)分泌、腦、腎等穴行王不留行籽埋籽,指導(dǎo)患者每日3次按壓埋籽處,每次3 min。(4)中藥泡足:雞血藤,益母草,玫瑰花,丹參,紅花,菊花,桂枝,川芎,牛膝,各20 g,加水1000煎煮30 min,倒入足浴盆兌水至45℃,每晚睡前泡足40 min,共14 d為一個(gè)療程。
1.3? 觀察指標(biāo)
對(duì)比兩組患者干預(yù)前后癥狀改善情況及心臟功能指標(biāo)改善和血壓下降水平監(jiān)測(cè)。
1.4? 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較采用x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)以(x±s)表示,兩組比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié) 果
2.1? 兩組干預(yù)后治療總有效率及心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)比較
干預(yù)后,兩組患者治療總有效率及心絞痛發(fā)作次數(shù)比較有明顯差異,觀察組總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,觀察組發(fā)作次數(shù)明顯少于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2? 兩組患者干預(yù)前后心功能和血壓監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)比
干預(yù)后,觀察組心功能監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)中左室收縮末期和舒張內(nèi)徑均小于干預(yù)前,左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)增大,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),對(duì)照組無(wú)明顯變化;干預(yù)后,兩組患者血壓水平均較干預(yù)前有明顯下降,但觀察組下降水平明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。