符玲玲 李莉 陳昌明 劉振燕
【摘要】 目的:探究DM患者孕晚期外周血中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)、紅細(xì)胞分布寬度(RDW)的檢測(cè)意義。方法:選擇2019年1-12月在本院產(chǎn)檢且已生產(chǎn)6~12周來(lái)復(fù)診的妊娠期糖尿?。℅DM)患者63例為研究對(duì)象。依據(jù)產(chǎn)后6~12周的糖代謝情況,將其分成糖代謝異常組(DM組)33例,糖代謝正常組30例。比較兩組孕晚期一般資料及外周血中NLR、RDW,比較兩組產(chǎn)后6~12周空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰島素(FINS),并計(jì)算穩(wěn)態(tài)模型胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR)。探究孕晚期外周血中NLR、RDW與產(chǎn)后HOMA-IR及FBG的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:DM組外周血的NLR、RDW水平均高于糖代謝正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。產(chǎn)后,DM組FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于糖代謝正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。孕婦孕晚期外周血中NLR、RDW與產(chǎn)后HOMA-IR、FBG均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)后DM時(shí),NLR聯(lián)合RDW聯(lián)合的AUC最高為0.946,優(yōu)于單一的NLR、RDW,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:產(chǎn)后DM患者孕晚期外周血中NLR、RDW均較糖代謝正常產(chǎn)婦高,NLR、RDW與HOMA-IR、FBG均呈正相關(guān),孕晚期NLR、RDW可作為產(chǎn)后DM的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),且聯(lián)合檢測(cè)價(jià)值更高,對(duì)于高危GDM患者應(yīng)早預(yù)防早干預(yù),改善其預(yù)后。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 妊娠期糖尿病 中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值 紅細(xì)胞分布寬度 胰島素抵抗
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the significance of the detection of peripheral blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) in DM patients at the third trimester of pregnancy. Method: A total of 63 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who underwent subsequent visit and had been examined in the hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 at 6 to 12 weeks after delivery were selected as the study subjects. According to the glucose metabolism at 6 to 12 weeks after delivery, 33 patients were divided into the abnormal glucose metabolism group (DM group) and 30 patients were divided into the normal glucose metabolism group. The general information of late pregnancy and the peripheral blood NLR and RDW of the two groups were compared. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) at 6 to 12 weeks after delivery were compared between the two groups, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The relationship between NLR, RDW and HOMA-IR and FBG in peripheral blood in the third trimester of pregnancy were explored. Result: The levels of NLR and RDW in peripheral blood of DM group were higher than those of normal glucose metabolism group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Postpartum, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in the DM group were all higher than those in the normal glucose metabolism group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). NLR and RDW in peripheral blood of pregnant women in the third trimesteria were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and FBG after delivery (P<0.05). When predicting postpartum DM, the highest AUC of NLR combined with RDW was 0.946, which was better than that of single NLR and RDW, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: NLR and RDW in peripheral blood of postpartum DM patients are higher than those of normal glucose metabolism. NLR and RDW are positively correlated with HOMA-IR and FBG. NLR and RDW in the third trimester of pregnancy can be used as predictors of postpartum DM, and combined detection is of higher value. For high-risk patients with GDM, early prevention and early intervention should be carried out to improve their prognosis.
[Key words] Gestational diabetes mellitus Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio Red blood cell volume distribution width Insulin resistance
First-authors address: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital, Shunde District, Foshan City), Foshan 528318, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.17.007
因社會(huì)發(fā)展及飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,糖尿?。╠iabetes mellitus, DM)發(fā)病率日益增高,DM易引發(fā)心腦血管疾病、糖尿病足等,嚴(yán)重影響患者健康[1]。而妊娠期糖尿?。╣estational diabetes mellitus, GDM)患者被認(rèn)為是DM高危人群,GDM在產(chǎn)后發(fā)展成DM的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是正常孕婦的7倍[2],因此若能對(duì)GDM患者進(jìn)行早期診斷,就能進(jìn)行治療從而避免產(chǎn)后發(fā)展成DM。DM患者通常會(huì)發(fā)生胰島素抵抗(insulin resistance, IR),而研究表明IR水平與炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān),炎癥反應(yīng)會(huì)加重IR,使得GDM逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镈M[3]。中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞的比值(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, NLR)是一種實(shí)用的炎性標(biāo)記物,而且簡(jiǎn)單易得,與內(nèi)分泌代謝、心血管、DM等均相關(guān)[4]。紅細(xì)胞分布寬度(red blood cell volume distribution width, RDW)一般用于貧血診斷,近年來(lái)用于自身免疫疾病中,反映炎癥及氧化應(yīng)激情況,也有部分學(xué)者認(rèn)為其與DM有關(guān)[5]。因而本文通過(guò)檢測(cè)GDM患者孕晚期外周血的NLR、RDW,探究NLR、RDW水平與產(chǎn)后胰島素抵抗及糖代謝水平關(guān)系,及對(duì)GDM產(chǎn)后轉(zhuǎn)變成DM的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選擇2019年1-12月在本院產(chǎn)檢且已生產(chǎn)6~12周來(lái)復(fù)診的GDM患者63例為研究對(duì)象。(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合妊娠糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即孕期24~28 周,進(jìn)行口服葡萄糖耐量試驗(yàn)(oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT),空腹、餐后1 h、餐后2 h的血糖界值分別為5.1、10.0、8.5 mmol/L,其中任何1個(gè)或以上結(jié)果達(dá)到或超過(guò)上述數(shù)值即診斷GDM[6]。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①孕前合并慢性疾病史,如高血壓、慢性腎炎者;②孕前患多囊卵巢綜合征的婦女;③近期使用皮質(zhì)類激素,或被感染發(fā)熱;④患有貧血或其他血液疾病、自身免疫性疾病、內(nèi)分泌代謝異常者;⑤伴有嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎疾病或腫瘤患者。(3)產(chǎn)后糖代謝異常診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下,①DM:空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,OGTT試驗(yàn)2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L;②葡萄糖耐量受損(impaired glucose tolerance, IGT):空腹血糖<6.11 mmol/L,7.8 mmol/L≤OGTT試驗(yàn)2 h<血糖<11.1 mmol/L;③空腹血糖受損(impaired fasting glucose, IFG):6.11 mmol/L≤空腹血糖<7.0 mmol/L,OGTT試驗(yàn)2 h血糖<7.8 mmol/L;④糖調(diào)節(jié)受損(impaired glucose regulation, IGR):符合IFG和/或IGT的診斷條件[7]。依據(jù)產(chǎn)后6~12周的75 g OGTT結(jié)果將研究對(duì)象分成糖代謝異常組(DM組)33例,糖代謝正常組30例。受試者均知情并同意參與本研究,簽署知情同意書,本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)同意。
1.2 方法 收集兩組研究對(duì)象孕晚期一般資料,孕晚期,記錄兩組年齡、孕周、身高、體重,并計(jì)算孕期體重指數(shù)、孕期體重增加值。所有研究對(duì)象于孕晚期(36~40周),空腹取肘中靜脈血,使用全自動(dòng)血細(xì)胞分析儀測(cè)定血常規(guī)(全血)及RDW,并根據(jù)中性粒細(xì)胞及淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)計(jì)算得到NLR。所有研究對(duì)象于產(chǎn)后6~12周,禁食、禁飲12 h后,次日空腹取肘中靜脈血,用日立7170全自動(dòng)生化儀測(cè)定檢測(cè)空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、空腹胰島素(fasting insulin, FINS),應(yīng)用穩(wěn)態(tài)模型評(píng)估法(homeos tasis model assessment, HOMA)評(píng)價(jià)胰島素抵抗性,穩(wěn)態(tài)模型胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR)=FBG×FINS/22.5。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) (1)比較兩組研究對(duì)象孕晚期一般資料。(2)比較兩組生化指標(biāo),包括RDW和NLR。(3)比較兩組產(chǎn)后糖代謝指標(biāo),F(xiàn)BG、FINS、HOMA-IR。(4)分析外周血NLR、RDW與HOMA-IR及FBG的相關(guān)性。(5)分析預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)后DM的ROC曲線。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。NLR、RDW與FBG、HOMA-IR的相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析,NLR、RDW對(duì)產(chǎn)后糖尿病的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值做ROC曲線分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組研究對(duì)象孕晚期一般資料比較 孕晚期,兩組研究對(duì)象年齡、孕周、孕期體重指數(shù)、孕期體重增加值比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組生化指標(biāo)比較 DM組外周血的NLR、RDW水平均高于糖代謝正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組產(chǎn)后FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR比較 產(chǎn)后,DM組FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于糖代謝正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 外周血NLR、RDW與HOMA-IR及FBG的相關(guān)性分析 孕婦孕晚期外周血中NLR與產(chǎn)后HOMA-IR、FBG均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.395、0.432,P<0.05),RDW與產(chǎn)后HOMA-IR、FBG均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.516、0.641,P<0.05)。
2.5 預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)后DM的ROC曲線分析 預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)后DM時(shí),NLR聯(lián)合RDW聯(lián)合的AUC最高為0.946,優(yōu)于單一的NLR、RDW,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖1和表4。其中NLR的最佳截?cái)嘀禐?.241,RDW的最佳截?cái)嘀禐?3.901%。
3 討論
部分GDM婦女在分娩后仍存在糖代謝異常,且產(chǎn)后轉(zhuǎn)為DM的發(fā)病率越來(lái)越高;IR是DM患者發(fā)病及各種并發(fā)癥的始作俑者,會(huì)引起患者脂質(zhì)及蛋白質(zhì)代謝紊亂,而炎癥水平會(huì)加重IR,導(dǎo)致其產(chǎn)后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镈M[8]。NLR是中性粒細(xì)胞和淋巴細(xì)胞的比值,中性粒細(xì)胞是非特異性炎癥反應(yīng),半衰期短[9];淋巴細(xì)胞代表了免疫調(diào)控系統(tǒng)[10]。NLR能夠綜合分析兩種炎癥細(xì)胞,具有更好的穩(wěn)定性,且簡(jiǎn)單易得,近來(lái)研究表明其與糖尿病及其并發(fā)癥相關(guān)[11]。江瑋等[12]研究表明,初診斷2型糖尿病患者及糖尿病前期患者NLR均升高,說(shuō)明糖尿病前期慢性炎癥就已啟動(dòng),NLR有望成為判斷2型糖尿病慢性炎癥狀態(tài)的新指標(biāo)。本研究中,產(chǎn)后,DM組FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于糖代謝正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說(shuō)明產(chǎn)后糖尿病患者發(fā)生了胰島素抵抗,其糖代謝水平異常。孕晚期時(shí),DM組外周血的NLR水平高于糖代謝正常組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說(shuō)明DM組孕晚期炎癥水平高于糖代謝正常組。孕婦孕晚期外周血中NLR與產(chǎn)后HOMA-IR、FBG均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),說(shuō)明產(chǎn)后IR及糖代謝異常情況隨孕晚期NLR水平而升高。高血糖或糖基化終產(chǎn)物可激活促炎轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,使中性粒細(xì)胞水平升高,增加促炎細(xì)胞因子產(chǎn)生,而淋巴細(xì)胞減少,患者機(jī)體免疫抑制,NLR水平升高[13];GDM患者孕晚期炎癥水平越重,其IR程度越重,而發(fā)生IR時(shí),胰島β細(xì)胞功能下降,導(dǎo)致血糖升高[14],使得GDM產(chǎn)后發(fā)展成DM可能性增大。
RDW是一種紅細(xì)胞大小異質(zhì)程度的指標(biāo),RDW升高顯示患者有炎癥狀態(tài),高血壓、心血管疾病、肝病、DM等均與RDW相關(guān)[15]。孫一銘等[16]研究表明,糖尿病冠心病患者RDW值明顯升高,且高RDW值與DM患者冠狀動(dòng)脈病變程度正相關(guān)。本研究中,DM組外周血的RDW水平高于糖代謝正常組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),孕晚期外周血中RDW與產(chǎn)后HOMA-IR、FBG均呈正相關(guān),說(shuō)明DM組孕晚期炎癥狀態(tài)較正常組嚴(yán)重,產(chǎn)后IR及糖代謝異常情況隨RDW水平升高而升高。GDM患者受高血糖的高滲環(huán)境影響,且機(jī)體炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激水平升高[17],血液中存在細(xì)胞因子失衡,失衡細(xì)胞因子與紅細(xì)胞表面的炎性因子受體結(jié)合,使紅細(xì)胞大小及形態(tài)發(fā)生改變,紅細(xì)胞變形能力下降,影響紅細(xì)胞的生成,導(dǎo)致RDW計(jì)數(shù)變化[18]。而孕晚期RDW越高,說(shuō)明患者炎癥水平越嚴(yán)重,會(huì)加重患者的IR和糖代謝異常,產(chǎn)后DM的發(fā)生率越大[19]。預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)后糖尿病時(shí),NLR、RDW聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的AUC最高為0.946,優(yōu)于單一的NLR、RDW,說(shuō)明NLR及RDW可作為產(chǎn)后糖尿病的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),兩者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)時(shí),其預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值最高。因此在孕期時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)GDM患者進(jìn)行一定的干預(yù),防止其產(chǎn)后轉(zhuǎn)變成DM。
綜上,產(chǎn)后DM患者孕晚期外周血中NLR、RDW均較糖代謝正常者高,NLR、RDW與HOMA-IR、FBG均呈正相關(guān),孕晚期NLR、RDW可作為產(chǎn)后DM的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),且聯(lián)合檢測(cè)價(jià)值更高,對(duì)于高?;颊邞?yīng)早預(yù)防早干預(yù),改善預(yù)后。
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(收稿日期:2020-04-13) (本文編輯:姬思雨)