余云志 杜梅 黃靜 段桂芬 朱金惠 楊姝淼 胡季芳 魯衍強(qiáng)
【摘 要】目的:探討大理白族自治州漢族、白族、彝族、回族、傈僳族育齡女性5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(MTHFR)C677T、A1298C及甲硫氨酸合成酶還原酶(MTRR)A66G基因多態(tài)性的頻率特征。方法:以到大理白族自治州婦幼保健院做孕檢的7331例女性為研究對象,其中漢族3203人,白族3140人,彝族694人,回族212人,傈僳族82人,提取口腔上皮細(xì)胞DNA,采用熒光定量PCR,進(jìn)行編碼基因MTHFR和MTRR的相關(guān)多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)檢測。結(jié)果:1)各民族入組對象的基因多態(tài)性分布符合遺傳平衡定律;2)大理州漢族女性MTHFR 677CC、CT、TT的基因型頻率分別為40.0%、45.3%、14.7%,白族女性為43.6%、44.4%、12.0%,彝族女性為45.4%、43.7%、11.0%,回族女性為42.9%、43.4%、13.7%,傈僳族女性為47.6%、37.8%、14.6%,其中漢族與白族、彝族女性的MTHFR C677T基因型和等位基因頻率多態(tài)性分布差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),回族與傈僳族的MTHFR C677T基因與以上民族比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),漢族與白族的MTHFR A1298C、MTRR A66G基因型分布相比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),其中漢族女性MTHFR 1298AA、AC、CC的基因型頻率分別為65.2%、31.6%、3.2%,白族女性為65.8%、29.7%、4.5%,漢族女性MTRR 66AA、AG、GG的基因型頻率分別為53.9%、38.1%、8.0%,白族女性為49.1%、41.9%、9.0%,傈僳族女性的MTHFR A1298C基因型頻率和等位基因頻率分布與漢族、白族、彝族都有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。3)兩位點(diǎn)連鎖情況677CC/1298AA雙野生型頻率以漢族(19.8%)最低,傈僳族(32.9%)最高;漢族、白族、彝族、回族都以CT/AA基因連鎖型出現(xiàn)頻率最高,傈僳族CC/AA和CT/AA出現(xiàn)頻次一致,且遠(yuǎn)高于其他基因型。5個民族均未見CT/CC及TT/CC組合,TT/AC組合僅存在于漢族及白族中。結(jié)論:大理州各民族育齡女性葉酸代謝關(guān)鍵酶基因位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性有其自身特點(diǎn),具有民族特性,可以有針對性的制定符合當(dāng)?shù)孛褡逄卣鞯膫€性化葉酸補(bǔ)服方案。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶;甲硫氨酸合成還原酶;基因多態(tài)性;民族特異性
Distribution characteristics of key enzyme genes SNPs in folate metabolism of five ethnic women of childbearing age in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture
Yu Yunzhi1, Du Mei1, Huang Jing1, Duan Guifen1, Zhu Jinhui1, Yang Shumiao1, Hu Jifang*2, Lu Yanqiang2
1.Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dali, Yunnan 671000;
2.Shanghai Zhangjiang Puhui Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai 201314
[Abstract] Objective:To investigate the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T,A1298C and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G in Han,Bai,Yi,Hui and Dong women of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. Frequency characteristics of genetic polymorphisms.Methods: A total of 7331 women who were pregnant in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture were selected as subjects.Among them,3203 Han people,3140 Bai people,694 Yi people,212 Hui people and 82 Yi people extracted DNA from oral epithelial cells.Real-time PCR was performed to detect the relevant polymorphic sites of the gene MTHFR and MTRR.Results: 1) The genetic polymorphism distribution of the ethnic groups enrolled in the group accorded with the law of genetic balance; 2) The genotype frequencies of MTHFR 677CC, CT and TT in Han Chinese women in Dali were 40.0%,45.3%,14.7%,respectively.43.6%,44.4%,and 12.0% of women,45.4%,43.7%, and 11.0% of Yi women, 42.9%, 43.4%, and 13.7% of Hui women, and 47.6%, 37.8%, and 14.6% of Yi women.There were significant differences in the distribution of MTHFR C677T genotype and allele frequency polymorphisms between Bai and Yi women (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the MTHFR C677T gene of Hui and Yi nationality and the above ethnic groups (P>0.05).The distribution of MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G genotypes between Han and Bai were statistically significant (P<0.05). The genotype frequencies of MTHFR 1298AA, AC and CC in Han women were 65.2%,31.6% and 3.2%,respectively.The genotype frequencies of MTRR 66AA, AG, and GG of 65.8%, 29.7%, and 4.5% of Han women were 53.9%,38.1%,and 8.0%,respectively,and that of Bai women were 49.1%, 41.9%, and 9.0%. MTHFR A1298C genotype frequency and allele frequency distribution and Han,Bai,Yi has a significant difference (P<0.05). 3) The two-point linkage situation 677CC/1298AA double wild-type frequency is the lowest in the Han nationality (19.8%) and the highest in the Dai nationality (32.9%); the Han, Bai, Yi and Hui nationalities all have the highest frequency of CT/AA gene linkage. The frequency of CC/AA and CT/AA is consistent and far higher than other genotypes. None of the five ethnic groups saw CT/CC and TT/CC combinations, and the TT/AC combination existed only in the Han and Bai nationalities. Conclusion: The polymorphism of key enzymes in folate metabolism of women of reproductive age in Dali Prefecture has its own characteristics and has national characteristics. It can be targeted to formulate a personalized folic acid supplementation program in line with local ethnic characteristics.
[Key words]5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Methionine synthetic reductase; Gene polymorphism; Ethnicity
5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(MTHFR)和甲硫氨酸合成酶還原酶(MTRR)是參與葉酸代謝的關(guān)鍵酶,其基因多態(tài)性影響著體內(nèi)葉酸及同型半胱氨酸水平:MTHFR位點(diǎn)的TT純合子基因型的個體在葉酸不足的情況下會產(chǎn)生輕微高同型半胱氨酸血癥,而MTRR1298及677兩個位點(diǎn)均發(fā)生雜合突變的個體則表現(xiàn)出明顯的高同型半胱氨酸血癥[1-2]。該多態(tài)性與神經(jīng)管畸形、復(fù)發(fā)性流產(chǎn)、妊娠期高血壓等疾病的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),嚴(yán)重影響母嬰健康[3-6]。針對大理白族自治州漢族、白族、彝族、回族、傈僳族育齡女性,檢測MTHFR和MTRR兩個關(guān)鍵酶基因型,研究本地區(qū)人群的遺傳特征,從而指導(dǎo)和制定個性化的干預(yù)治療方式,為大理州不同民族育齡婦女個性化孕期保健提供遺傳學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象
選取自2016年至2019年來本院就診的育齡女性為研究對象,入組對象共7331例,其中漢族3203人、白族3140人、彝族694人、回族212人、傈僳族82人,平均年齡分別為:(28.46±5.18)歲、(28.40±5.03)歲、(27.88±5.15)歲、(28.59±6.04)歲、(29.22±5.64)歲,均獲得受檢者知情同意,本研究符合《赫爾辛基宣言》。
1.2 方法
利用硅膠吸附法提取口腔黏膜細(xì)胞樣本的基因組DNA。采用柱式質(zhì)粒DNA少量抽提試劑盒提取樣本DNA。用Taqman-MGB探針(見表1)熒光定量PCR檢測MTHFR C677T、A1298C和MTRRA66G的基因多態(tài)性。相關(guān)儀器、試劑均購于美國ABI公司。各反應(yīng)體系總體積分別為25μL,包含濃度20ng/μL的DNA模板2.5μL,2×Taqman Universal MasterMix 12.5μL,20×Taqman-MGB探針1.25μL,去離子水8.75μL。95℃反應(yīng)10min,92℃反應(yīng)15s,60℃1min擴(kuò)增20個循環(huán),89℃ 15s,60℃ 90s擴(kuò)增30個循環(huán)。反應(yīng)結(jié)束后在ABI 7900型熒光定量PCR儀上讀取樣品孔中的終點(diǎn)熒光,采用Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析MTHFR C677T、A1298C和MTRR A66G基因多態(tài)性,利用分析軟件分析各個樣本的基因分型結(jié)果。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,不同民族間樣本基因型及等位基因頻率比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05認(rèn)為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。采用HaploView 4.2軟件進(jìn)行單核苷酸多態(tài)性的Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析
研究對象大理白族自治州漢族、白族、彝族、回族、傈僳族育齡女性MTHFR C677T/A1298C和MTRR A66G的位點(diǎn)基因多態(tài)性均符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡(P>0.05),說明針對該樣本群,由該三個位點(diǎn)遺傳分析得出的結(jié)論對下一代群體具有指導(dǎo)意義。
2.2 基因頻率分析
見表2~5。大理州5個民族MTHFR C677T/A1298C、MTRR A66G基因型和等位基因頻率分布見表2、4,各民族MTHFR C677T/A1298C、MTRR A66G基因型和等位基因頻率間的差異見表3、5。大理州漢族與白族、彝族女性的MTHFR C677T基因型和等位基因頻率多態(tài)性分布差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中風(fēng)險基因型MTHFR 677TT在漢族中出現(xiàn)的頻率最高,為14.7%,其次為白族12.0%,接著為彝族11.0%,回族與傈僳族的MTHFR C677T基因與以上民族比較無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),漢族與白族的MTHFR A1298C、MTRR A66G基因型分布相比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),傈僳族女性的MTHFR A1298C基因型頻率
和等位基因頻率分布與漢族、白族、彝族都有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。其他各民族間葉酸代謝關(guān)鍵酶基因位點(diǎn)分布差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.3 MTHFR C677T 和A1298C兩位點(diǎn)連鎖情況
兩位點(diǎn)連鎖情況677CC/1298AA雙野生型頻率以漢族(19.8%)最低,其次為彝族(21.2%)、白族(21.6%)、回族(23.1%),最高為傈僳族(32.9%);漢族、白族、彝族、回族都以CT/AA基因連鎖型出現(xiàn)頻率最高,傈僳族CC/AA和CT/AA出現(xiàn)頻次一致,且遠(yuǎn)高于其他基因型。5個民族均未見CT/CC及TT/CC組合,TT/AC組合僅存在于漢族及白族中,且占比極少,比較罕見。詳見表6。
3 討論
葉酸是人體內(nèi)重要的水溶性維生素,參與核酸、氨基酸等重要物質(zhì)的合成,對細(xì)胞的生長及胚胎發(fā)育具有重要作用。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報道,5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(MTHFR)和甲硫氨酸合成酶還原酶(MTRR)是參與體內(nèi)葉酸代謝的關(guān)鍵酶。MTHFR677位的胞嘧啶可被胸腺嘧啶代替,導(dǎo)致其編碼的蛋白由丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔i氨酸。MTHFR1298位的腺嘌呤可被胞嘧啶取代,使其所編碼的蛋白由谷氨酸變?yōu)楸彼幔撐稽c(diǎn)的突變導(dǎo)致MTHFR編碼的酶活性降低[1-2]。MTHFR 1298AC和667CT存在協(xié)同作用,使MTHFR酶活性下降到正常的36%[7],而導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)同型半胱氨酸水平顯著增高。
已有研究表明,葉酸代謝關(guān)鍵酶基因位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性分布特征在不同民族和種族中差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[8-10]。大理州是多民族聚居地,分布有漢族、白族、彝族、回族、傈僳族等,民族資源豐富,且至今尚未見將此5個民族葉酸代謝關(guān)鍵酶基因進(jìn)行相互比較的報道。本研究顯示大理州漢族與白族、彝族女性的MTHFR C677T等位基因頻率多態(tài)性分布差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),且漢族女性風(fēng)險基因型MTHFR 677TT明顯高于其他幾個民族,葉酸利用能力更為低下,需要補(bǔ)服更多劑量的葉酸來預(yù)防婦女妊娠期并發(fā)癥或者胎兒出生缺陷的可能性。目前孕期保健措施為育齡婦女從孕前3個月至妊娠滿3個月每日補(bǔ)服葉酸[11],針對育齡女性進(jìn)行遺傳學(xué)篩查,對葉酸代謝障礙的風(fēng)險人群采取加強(qiáng)葉酸代謝水平檢測、增加營養(yǎng)素補(bǔ)充、提高產(chǎn)前篩查等措施是實(shí)現(xiàn)出生缺陷一級預(yù)防的重要方法,是預(yù)防出生缺陷兒出生和提高人口素質(zhì)的重要手段。
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