邱文文 魏莉莉 李海鴻 仇杰 練芮含 虎亞光 柳雨雨 楊克虎
[摘要]目的 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)靜脈注射二糖鐵與口服硫酸亞鐵對(duì)產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血患者的有效性和安全性。方法 計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMbase、CBM、WanFang Data、CNKI、VIP數(shù)據(jù)庫,同時(shí)追溯相關(guān)的參考文獻(xiàn),搜集試驗(yàn)組靜脈注射二糖鐵(蔗糖鐵、羧麥芽糖鐵)及對(duì)照組口服硫酸亞鐵對(duì)產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血治療后血紅蛋白和鐵蛋白效果的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCTs),檢索時(shí)限為建庫至2019年6月。依據(jù)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由兩名研究者獨(dú)立篩選文獻(xiàn)、提取資料并評(píng)價(jià)納入研究的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后,采用RevMan 5.3軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。結(jié)果 最終納入10篇RCTs文獻(xiàn),共1877例患者。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,試驗(yàn)組治療后14、28 d血紅蛋白水平均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=0.39,95%CI(0.18,0.60),P=0.0003;SMD=0.78,95%CI(0.59,0.96),P<0.000 01]。兩組治療后的鐵蛋白和24 h血紅蛋白水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=0.47,95%CI(-0.56,1.50),P=0.37;SMD=0.31,95%CI(-0.32,0.94),P=0.33]。結(jié)論 靜脈注射二糖鐵可改善14、28 d的血紅蛋白水平,提高臨床有效性,但受納入研究數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的限制,上述結(jié)論尚需開展更多高質(zhì)量隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究予以驗(yàn)證。
[關(guān)鍵詞]靜脈注射;二糖鐵;產(chǎn)后;缺鐵性貧血;Meta分析
[中圖分類號(hào)] R556.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2020)7(c)-0016-06
Meta-analysis of the effect of intravenous injection of iron disaccharide in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia
QIU Wen-wen1,2? ?WEI Li-li3,4? ?LI Hai-hong1,2▲? ?QIU Jie5? ?LIAN Rui-han1? ?HU Ya-guang5? ?LIU Yu-yu1,2? ?YANG Ke-hu3,4
1. School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730000, China; 2. Department of Nursing, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou? ?730050, China; 3. Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730030, China; 4. Key Laboratory of Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Translational Medicine in Gansu Province, Lanzhou? ?730030, China; 5. Department of Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou? ?730050, China
[Abstract] Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous injection of iron disaccharide and oral ferrous sulfate in patients with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI, VIP database were searched by the computer. At the same time, the relevant references were traced, and the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of the intravenous injection of iron disaccharide (iron sucrose, iron carboxymaltose) in the experimental group and the oral ferrous sulfate in the control group on hemoglobin and ferritin after postpartum iron deficiency anemia were collected. The retrieval period was from database construction to June 2019. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included study. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results A total of 1877 patients were included in 10 RCTs. Meta-analysis results showed that the hemoglobin levels of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group on 14 and 28 days after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (SMD=0.39, 95%CI[0.18, 0.60], P=0.0003; SMD=0.78, 95%CI [0.59, 0.96], P<0.000 01). There were no statistically significant differences in ferritin and 24 h hemoglobin levels between the two groups after treatment (SMD=0.47, 95%CI[-0.56, 1.50], P=0.37; SMD=0.31, 95%CI[-0.32, 0.94], P=0.33). Conclusion Intravenous injection of iron disaccharide can improve the hemoglobin levels at 14 and 28 days and improve the clinical effectiveness. However, due to the limitations of the quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality randomized controlled studies.
[Key words] Intravenous injection; Iron disaccharide; Postpartum; Iron deficiency anemia; Meta-analysis
產(chǎn)后貧血是產(chǎn)褥期最常見的并發(fā)癥之一,發(fā)病率為4.27%[1]。缺鐵是貧血最常見的原因,且產(chǎn)后貧血以缺鐵性貧血最為常見[2]。缺鐵性貧血的產(chǎn)婦在產(chǎn)后會(huì)出現(xiàn)心悸、虛弱等現(xiàn)象,甚至帶來嚴(yán)重的心血管問題[3],以致發(fā)病率增加,住院時(shí)間延長。靜脈鐵劑是一種膠質(zhì)溶液,其吸收好,利用率高[4],近年來被廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床。懷孕期間補(bǔ)充鐵劑是對(duì)抗貧血的常見策略,當(dāng)前證據(jù)表明,這種策略可以將足月貧血和產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血的發(fā)生率降低近2/3,并改善其分娩結(jié)果[5]。靜脈給予鐵劑不僅能快速有效地補(bǔ)充患者體內(nèi)鐵的儲(chǔ)備情況,而且能增加鐵在骨髓中的沉積,可較好地改善患者的貧血狀況。為了更全面地探討靜脈注射二糖鐵對(duì)產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血的有效性,本研究采用Meta分析的方法對(duì)產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血患者靜脈注射二糖鐵的效果進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),以期為產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血患者的治療提供相關(guān)依據(jù)。
1資料與方法
1.1納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.1.1納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)? ①比較靜脈注射二糖鐵與口服硫酸亞鐵對(duì)產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血患者有效性和安全性的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(randomized controlled trials,RCTs);②經(jīng)臨床診斷為產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血的患者;③試驗(yàn)組靜脈注射二糖鐵(羧麥芽糖鐵或蔗糖鐵),對(duì)照組口服硫酸亞鐵;④結(jié)局指標(biāo),研究中至少報(bào)道1項(xiàng)結(jié)局指標(biāo),包括血紅蛋白、鐵蛋白。
1.1.2排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)? ①重復(fù)發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn);②非中英文文獻(xiàn);③非RCTs;④干預(yù)措施不符的文獻(xiàn);⑤數(shù)據(jù)不全、影響分析的文獻(xiàn);⑥會(huì)議摘要、傳統(tǒng)綜述等。
1.2檢索策略
計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、VIP、WanFang Data數(shù)據(jù)庫,此外,追溯納入文獻(xiàn)的參考文獻(xiàn),以補(bǔ)充獲取相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),檢索時(shí)限均為建庫至2019年6月。英文檢索詞包括:Ferric Compounds,Maltose iron,Iron carboxymaltose,F(xiàn)erric Oxide,Saccharated,Iron Saccharate,Iron-Saccharate,Iron Sucrose,F(xiàn)erri-Saccharate,F(xiàn)erri Saccharate,Postpartum,Postpartum Women,Puerperium,Iron-Deficiency Anemia*,Iron Deficiency Anemia*;中文檢索詞包括:靜脈注射羧麥芽糖鐵、靜脈注射蔗糖鐵、產(chǎn)后、缺鐵性貧血。
1.3文獻(xiàn)篩選與資料提取
由兩名研究者獨(dú)立篩選文獻(xiàn)、提取資料并交叉核對(duì)信息,如遇分歧,則通過討論或與第三方協(xié)助判斷。篩選文獻(xiàn)時(shí),先閱讀文題和摘要,在排除不相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)后,進(jìn)一步閱讀全文,以確定是否納入。提取內(nèi)容主要包括:①納入研究的基本信息:第一作者、國家、發(fā)表時(shí)間等;②納入研究的基線特征:患者的年齡、性別、種族等;③結(jié)局指標(biāo):血紅蛋白、鐵蛋白。
1.4納入研究的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)
由兩名研究員獨(dú)立按照Cochrane手冊(cè)5.1.0推薦的RCTs偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)工具評(píng)價(jià)納入研究的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并且對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行交叉核對(duì);如遇分歧,則通過討論或由第三方協(xié)助解決。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用RevMan 5.3軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用相對(duì)危險(xiǎn)度(RR)為效應(yīng)指標(biāo),計(jì)量資料采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化均差(SMD)為效應(yīng)指標(biāo),各效應(yīng)量均給出點(diǎn)估計(jì)值和95%CI。納入研究結(jié)果的異質(zhì)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析(檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為α=0.05),同時(shí)結(jié)合I2定量判斷異質(zhì)性的大小,若各研究結(jié)果間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)異質(zhì)性,則采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析;反之,則采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析。Meta分析的檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)設(shè)為α=0.05,即以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。若存在明顯的臨床異質(zhì)性,則采用亞組分析或敏感性分析等方法進(jìn)行處理,或描述性分析。采用漏斗圖對(duì)發(fā)表偏倚進(jìn)行分析。
2結(jié)果
2.1文獻(xiàn)篩選流程及結(jié)果
初步檢索共獲得381篇文獻(xiàn),經(jīng)兩名研究員逐層篩選后,最終納入10篇RCTs[6-15],文獻(xiàn)篩選流程及結(jié)果見圖1。
“*”表示PubMed=43,Cochrane Library=4,EMbase=19,Web of Science=0,CBM=26,VIP=131,CNKI=169,WanFang Data=100
2.2納入研究的基本特征與偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果
納入的10項(xiàng)RCTs[6-15],包括1877例患者,年齡、例數(shù)、干預(yù)措施等基本特征具體見表1。在納入的研究中,只有1篇RCT[10]提供了相當(dāng)充分的方法學(xué)信息,Bhandal等[9]研究僅提供了隨機(jī)時(shí)間表和密封不透明的信封;Seid等[14]使用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表和密封不透明的信封;其余研究未提供關(guān)于如何隨機(jī)化方法、分配隱藏、及盲法的方法學(xué)信息,偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的詳細(xì)信息見表2。
2.3 Meta分析
2.3.1血紅蛋白水平的Meta分析
2.3.1.1 24 h血紅蛋白水平的Meta分析? 有4項(xiàng)RCTs[7-10]研究分析了治療后24 h的血紅蛋白水平,包括試驗(yàn)組413例和對(duì)照組289例,異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果為I2=92%,P<0.000 01,研究不具有同質(zhì)性,故采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,兩組的24 h血紅蛋白水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[SMD=0.31,95%CI(-0.32,0.94),P=0.33](圖2)。
3.4對(duì)未來研究的意義
本研究共納入10篇RCTs,干預(yù)時(shí)機(jī)均為產(chǎn)后,提示對(duì)于產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血早期篩查需完善,WHO在2016年發(fā)布了產(chǎn)后婦女補(bǔ)鐵的指南,條件性的推薦在妊娠期貧血為公共健康問題,基于當(dāng)前研究證據(jù)表明,靜脈注射二糖鐵可減少產(chǎn)后缺鐵性貧血的發(fā)生。受納入研究數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的影響,該結(jié)論需要更多高質(zhì)量研究予以驗(yàn)證。同時(shí),建議今后的研究盡可能參考相應(yīng)的報(bào)告規(guī)范,從而降低研究的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為臨床研究提供高質(zhì)量的研究證據(jù)。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-19)
[作者簡介]邱文文(1993-),女,甘肅中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)護(hù)理學(xué)院2018級(jí)在讀碩士研究生,研究方向:婦科護(hù)理
▲通訊作者:李海鴻(1970-),女,甘肅蘭州人,本科,研究方向:婦產(chǎn)科護(hù)理