呂鵬飛 梁新瑞 鄭武 平 范平明 王丁 林映桂
[摘要] 目的 衡量海南地區(qū)乳腺癌患者行自體乳房重建或種植體乳房重建術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量。方法 于2017年10月—2019年9月門(mén)診隨訪海南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院乳腺外科乳腺癌患者行自體乳房重建患者19例(autologous breast reconstruction,ABR)和種植體乳房重建者20例(implant-based breast reconstruction,IBR),應(yīng)用EORTC QLQ-BC45(quality of life questionnaire for assessing quality of life in breast cancer patient)生活質(zhì)量量表調(diào)查兩組患者術(shù)后6個(gè)月的生活質(zhì)量;另自制乳腺癌配偶問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表,比較其配偶的生活滿意度。結(jié)果 ABR組與IBR組在術(shù)后6個(gè)月的身體形象(81.6±21.2)分vs(83.4±20.8)分、性欲(44.5±18.5)分vs(43.0±17.7)分、未來(lái)預(yù)期(58.8±20.5)分vs(59.4±21.7)分、治療不良反應(yīng)(20.5±10.9)分vs(22.1±9.7)分、乳腺癥狀(18.0±12.3)分vs(19.2±13.0)分、肢體癥狀(22.1±8.4)分vs(20.0±7.9)分、脫發(fā)(30.3±20.1)分vs(33.2±19.1)分,相比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組配偶對(duì)其愛(ài)人的身體形象(79.5±12.2) 分vs (82.4±11.5)分、性體驗(yàn)(67.0±11.6)分 vs (64.7±12.7)分、情感家庭因素(60.6±4.9 )分vs( 59.8±6.5)分,相比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論? 乳腺癌重建術(shù)是疾病治療和美學(xué)兼顧的手術(shù),行自體乳房重建或種植體乳房重建術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量沒(méi)有明顯差異。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 乳腺癌;乳房重建;生活質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R737.9? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2020)06(a)-0085-04
Evaluation of Quality of Life for Patients with Breast Cancer after Autologous Breast Reconstruction or Implant Breast Reconstruction
LYU Peng-fei1, LIANG Xin-rui2, ZHENG Wu-ping1, FAN Ping-ming1, WANG Ding3, LIN Ying-gui4
1.Department of Breast and Thoracic Tumor Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570100 China; 2.Breast Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030 China; 3.People's Hospital of Lingao County, Lingao, Hainan Province, 571800 China; 4.People's Hospital of Danzhou, Danzhou, Hainan Province, 571700 China
[Abstract] Objective To measure the quality of life of patients with breast cancer in Hainan after autologous breast reconstruction or implant breast reconstruction. Methods From October 2017 to September 2019, 19 patients with breast cancer who underwent autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) and 20 patients with implant breast reconstruction (implant -based breast reconstruction (IBR), using the EORTC QLQ-BC45 (quality of life questionnaire for assessing quality of life in breast cancer patient) quality of life questionnaire to investigate the quality of life of 6 months after surgery in two groups of patients; questionnaires to compare the life satisfaction of their spouses. Results The body image (81.6±21.2)points vs (83.4±20.8)points, sexual desire (44.5±18.5)points vs (43.0±17.7)points, and future expectation (58.8±20.5)points vs (59.4±21.7)points of the ABR group and the IBR group at 6 months after surgery, treatment side effects (20.5±10.9)points vs (22.1±9.7)points; breast symptoms (18.0±12.3)points vs (19.2±13.0)points, physical symptoms (22.1±8.4)points vs (20.0±7.9)points, hair loss (30.3±20.1)points vs (33.2±19.1)points, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two spouses in the body image of their lover (79.5±12.2)points vs (82.4±11.5)points, sexual experience (67.0±11.6)points vs (64.7±12.7)points, and emotional family factors (60.6±4.9 )points vs (59.8±6.5)points ,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Breast cancer reconstruction is an operation that combines both disease treatment and aesthetics. There is no significant difference in quality of life after autologous breast reconstruction or implant breast reconstruction.
[Key words] Breast cancer; Breast reconstruction; Quality of life evaluation
乳腺癌是世界上高發(fā)的癌癥之一,嚴(yán)重影響女性的健康。外科手術(shù)是乳腺癌的主要治療手段且種類(lèi)豐富,也包括了乳房重建手術(shù)。有多項(xiàng)研究表明乳房重建提高了患者的滿意度和生活質(zhì)量[1-3]。在乳房重建中,從“生理-心理-社會(huì)”醫(yī)學(xué)模式出發(fā),不僅是形體美學(xué)的結(jié)果,還要提升患者的“心理-社會(huì)”幸福感和滿意度。
在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平不斷提高的大環(huán)境下,乳腺癌患者對(duì)形體美學(xué)的要求也逐漸提高,越來(lái)越多的患者選擇了乳房重建手術(shù)。為了解海南地區(qū)乳腺癌重建術(shù)后的生活質(zhì)量情況,該研究于2017年10月—2019年9月收集了乳腺癌術(shù)后自體乳房重建患者19例和種植體乳房重建患者20例,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1? 資料與方法
1.1? 一般資料
門(mén)診隨訪海南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院乳腺外科行乳腺癌重建的術(shù)后患者39例,即術(shù)后6個(gè)月的生活質(zhì)量調(diào)查,使用2018年度最新的歐洲生命質(zhì)量協(xié)作組乳腺癌專(zhuān)用生活質(zhì)量量表(quality of life questionnaire for assessing quality of life in breast cancer patient,EORTC QLQ-BC45):?jiǎn)柧戆?5個(gè)項(xiàng)目,4個(gè)功能量表和4個(gè)癥狀量表[4]。自制配偶問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表:包括11個(gè)項(xiàng)目,3個(gè)功能量表。根據(jù)評(píng)分手冊(cè)將每個(gè)維度的原始分(raw score,RS)轉(zhuǎn)化為0~100分之間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得分(standard score,SS),對(duì)各個(gè)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行比較。功能維度和總體健康狀況維度得分越高,說(shuō)明軀體功能和生命質(zhì)量越好;癥狀維度得分越高,說(shuō)明癥狀越重,生活質(zhì)量越差(表1); 自制乳腺癌配偶問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表,共11個(gè)項(xiàng)目,分為3個(gè)維度,同理將維度的粗分轉(zhuǎn)換為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得分(表2)。
患者相關(guān)基本資料包括年齡、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、月經(jīng)情況、經(jīng)濟(jì)情況、教育程度、腫瘤分期等(表3),排除資料不全、量表填寫(xiě)不全者。所有調(diào)查均得到患者本人的知情同意。
乳腺癌重建手術(shù),重建手術(shù)包括自體乳房重建和異體植入重建,自體重建手術(shù)一般通過(guò)橫向腹直肌肌皮瓣(transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous,TRAM)帶蒂皮瓣或背闊?。╨atissimus dorsi,LD)皮瓣完成;而異體重建手術(shù)則是通過(guò)硅膠植入立即重建或使用組織擴(kuò)張器進(jìn)行分期重建然后進(jìn)行乳房植入的異體乳房重建。該研究將該院2017年10月—2019年9月隨訪術(shù)后6個(gè)月的乳腺癌重建手術(shù)患者39例,依據(jù)手術(shù)方式不同將其分為自體重建組19例(ABR組)和異體種植體乳房重建者20例(IBR組),應(yīng)用EORTC QLQ-BC45(歐洲生命質(zhì)量協(xié)作組乳腺癌專(zhuān)用生活質(zhì)量量表)問(wèn)卷比較ABR組與IBR組的術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量情況,有無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。
1.2? 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
所有數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析,生命質(zhì)量量表及自制配偶生活質(zhì)量問(wèn)卷分類(lèi)歸納,比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化得分,組間進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),用(x±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
注:癥狀SS=[(RS-1)/R]×100;功能FS= [1-(RS-1)/R]×100
2? 結(jié)果
統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示兩組在基本情況中,年齡、經(jīng)濟(jì)情況、教育程度、BMI、絕經(jīng)期、腫瘤分期上差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見(jiàn)表3。兩組患者在身體形象(81.6±21.2)分 vs(83.4±20.8)分、性欲(44.5±18.5)分vs(43.0±17.7)分、未來(lái)預(yù)期(58.8±20.5)分vs(59.4±21.7)分、治療不良反應(yīng)(20.5±10.9)vs(22.1±9.7)分乳腺癥狀(18.0±12.3)分vs(19.2±13.0)分、肢體癥狀(22.1±8.4)分vs(20.0±7.9)分、脫發(fā)(30.3±20.1)分vs(33.2±19.1)分,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。比較兩組患者配偶的生活質(zhì)量相關(guān)情況,ABR組及IBR組配偶對(duì)其愛(ài)人的身體形象(79.5±12.2) vs (82.4±11.5)、性體驗(yàn)(67.0±11.6)分 vs( 64.7±12.7)分、情感家庭因素(60.6±4.9)分 vs (59.8±6.5)分相比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。
3? 討論
隨著我國(guó)生活水平的不斷提高,以往單純的改良根治術(shù)已不能滿足乳腺癌患者的要求,乳房重建手術(shù)越來(lái)越受到歡迎,在治療疾病的同時(shí)兼顧美學(xué)效果。該研究應(yīng)用2018年最新的歐洲生命質(zhì)量協(xié)作組乳腺癌專(zhuān)用生命質(zhì)量量表(EORTC QLQ-BC45) ,同時(shí)調(diào)查配偶對(duì)其愛(ài)人的術(shù)后滿意度,包括身體形象、性功能、情感家庭因素等方面,更好地從患者家庭方向調(diào)查生活質(zhì)量。
一般國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者大多應(yīng)用歐洲生命質(zhì)量協(xié)作組癌癥核心量表(quality of life questionnaire-core30,EORTC QLQ-C30)和歐洲生命質(zhì)量協(xié)作組乳腺癌專(zhuān)用生命質(zhì)量量表(quality of life questionnaire-breast cancer module 23,QLQ-BR23)[5-7]來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)肺癌、乳腺癌等癌癥患者的生活質(zhì)量。該研究選擇量表為2018年最新的歐洲生命質(zhì)量協(xié)作組乳腺癌專(zhuān)用生命質(zhì)量量表(EORTC QLQ-BC45),在原EORTC QLQ-BC23的基礎(chǔ)上涵蓋了歐洲生命質(zhì)量協(xié)作組癌癥核心量表(quality of life questionnaire-core 30 EORTC QLQ-C30) ,另外參照EORTC QLQ-BC45附加上了內(nèi)分泌治療的癥狀、內(nèi)分泌性癥狀、皮膚黏膜反應(yīng)、乳腺術(shù)后滿意度4個(gè)方面,是現(xiàn)今最新最全的生活質(zhì)量量表,該問(wèn)卷有良好的信效度,是乳腺惡性腫瘤患者評(píng)價(jià)生命質(zhì)量最常用的測(cè)評(píng)工具。
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(收稿日期:2020-03-04)