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CGRP單克隆抗體預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛療效和安全性的貝葉斯網(wǎng)狀Meta分析

2020-10-20 05:25劉鑫鐘小燕李夢(mèng)雅徐昌靜付禮亞田冬梅黃毅嵐
中國(guó)藥房 2020年18期
關(guān)鍵詞:網(wǎng)狀安慰劑預(yù)防性

劉鑫 鐘小燕 李夢(mèng)雅 徐昌靜 付禮亞 田冬梅 黃毅嵐

摘 要 目的:系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)4種降鈣素基因相關(guān)肽(CGRP)單克隆抗體預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的療效和安全性,為臨床治療提供循證參考。方法:計(jì)算機(jī)檢索Cochrane圖書館、PubMed、Embase、中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、維普網(wǎng)和萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)等,收集4種CGRP單克隆抗體(試驗(yàn)組)對(duì)比安慰劑(對(duì)照組)預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCT)。篩選文獻(xiàn)并提取資料后,采用Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)員手冊(cè)5.1.0提供的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),采用GeMTC 0.14.3軟件和Stata 16.0軟件進(jìn)行貝葉斯網(wǎng)狀Meta分析。結(jié)果:共納入19項(xiàng)RCT,共計(jì)11 392例患者,涉及Erenumab 70、140 mg/月,F(xiàn)remanezumab 675 mg/3月、225 mg/月,Galcanezumab 120、240、300 mg/月,Eptinezumab 100、300 mg/3月和安慰劑等10種干預(yù)措施。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組比較,4種GGRP單克隆抗體均可顯著減少患者每月平均偏頭痛天數(shù)較基線的變化(MMD)(P<0.05);各試驗(yàn)組之間,與Galcanezumab 300 mg/月[MD=-1.30,95%CI(-2.59,-0.05),P<0.05]、Eptinezumab 100 mg/3月[MD=-1.18,95%CI(-2.26,-0.03),P<0.05]比較,F(xiàn)remanezumab 225 mg/月可顯著減少患者M(jìn)MD;網(wǎng)狀Meta排序結(jié)果為Fremanezumab 225 mg/月>Fremanezumab 675 mg/3月>Galcanezumab 120 mg/月>Erenumab 140 mg/月>Galcanezumab 240 mg/月>Eptinezumab 300 mg/3月>Erenumab 70 mg/月>Eptinezumab 100 mg/3月>Galcanezumab 300 mg/月>安慰劑。與對(duì)照組比較,4種GGRP單克隆抗體均可顯著增加每月平均偏頭痛天數(shù)較基線減少≥50%的患者比例(MMD 50)(P<0.05);各試驗(yàn)組之間,與Eptinezumab 100 mg/3月組比較,F(xiàn)remanezumab 675 mg/3月[OR=1.51,95%CI(1.02,2.31),P<0.05]、Fremanezumab 225 mg/月[OR=1.58,95%CI(1.05,2.44),P<0.05]組的MMD 50均顯著升高;網(wǎng)狀Meta排序結(jié)果為Fremanezumab 225 mg/月>Fremanezumab 675 mg/3月>Erenumab 140 mg/月>Galcanezumab 120 mg/月>Eptinezumab 300 mg/3月>Galcanezumab 240 mg/月>Erenumab 70 mg/月>Galcanezumab 300 mg/月>Eptinezumab 100 mg/3月>安慰劑。安全性方面,F(xiàn)remanezumab 675 mg/3月[OR=1.31,95%CI(1.05,1.64),P<0.05]、Galcanezumab 240 mg/月[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.09,1.74),P<0.05]組患者的總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率(AE)均顯著高于對(duì)照組;各試驗(yàn)組之間,與Galcanezumab 240 mg/月組比較,Erenumab 70 mg/月[OR=0.67,95%CI(0.50,0.93),P<0.05]、140 mg/月[OR=0.70,95%CI(0.51,0.98),P<0.05]組患者的AE均顯著降低;與Fremanezumab 675 mg/3月組比較,Erenumab 70 mg/月[OR=0.72,95%CI(0.52,0.98),P<0.05]組患者的AE顯著降低;網(wǎng)狀Meta排序結(jié)果為Galcanezumab 240 mg/月>Fremanezumab 675 mg/3月>Galcanezumab 120 mg/月>Galcanezumab 300 mg/月>Eptinezumab 300 mg/3月>Fremanezumab 225 mg/月>Eptinezumab 100 mg/3月>安慰劑>Erenumab 140 mg/月>Erenumab 70 mg/月。結(jié)論:4種CGRP單克隆抗體均能預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛,其中Fremanezumab 225 mg/月的療效可能最佳,Erenumab 70 mg/月的安全性可能最高。

關(guān)鍵詞 降鈣素基因相關(guān)肽單克隆抗體;預(yù)防性治療;偏頭痛;貝葉斯網(wǎng)狀Meta分析;療效;安全性

中圖分類號(hào) R971 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1001-0408(2020)18-2275-08

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.18.18

ABSTRACT? ?OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4 kinds of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies in the preventive treatment of migraine, and to provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment of migraine. METHODS: Retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CJFD, VIP and Wanfang database, RCTs about 4 kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies (trial group) versus placebo (control group) in the preventive treatment of migraine were collected. After literature screening and data extraction, the quality evaluation of included literature was performed by using the bias risk assessment tool provided by the Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0. Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed by using GeMTC 0.14.3 software and Stata 16.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 19 RCTs involving 11 392 patients were included, involving 10 interventions, such as Erenumab 70, 140 mg/month; Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months, 225 mg/month; Galcanezumab 120, 240, 300 mg/month; Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months, 300 mg/3 months and placebo. Results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with control group, 4 kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the change of mean monthly migraine days (MMD) (P<0.05). Among trial groups, compared with Galcanezumab 300 mg/month [MD=-1.30, 95%CI(-2.59, -0.05), P<0.05] and Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months [MD=-1.18, 95%CI(-2.26, -0.03), P<0.05], Fremanezumab 225 mg/month could significantly reduce MMD. Network Meta-analysis ranking showed that Fremanezumab 225 mg/month>Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months>Galcanezumab 120 mg/month>Erenumab 140 mg/month>Galcanezumab 240 mg/month>Eptinezumab 300 mg/3 months>Erenumab 70 mg/month>Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months>Galcanezumab 300 mg/month>placebo. Compared with control group, 4 kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies were significantly increased of the proportion of patients whose mean monthly migraine days reduction≥50% compared with baseline (MMD 50) (P<0.05). Among trial groups, compared with Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months group, MMD 50 of Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months group [OR=1.51, 95%CI(1.02, 2.31), P<0.05], Fremanezumab 225 mg/month group [OR=1.58, 95%CI(1.05, 2.44), P<0.05] were increased significantly. Network Meta-analysis ranking showed that Fremanezumab 225 mg/month>Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months>Erenumab 140 mg/month>Galcanezumab 120 mg/month>Eptinezumab 300 mg/3 months>Galcanezumab 240 mg/month>Erenumab 70 mg/month>Galcanezumab 300 mg/month>Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months>placebo. In terms of safety, incidence of total adverse events (AE) of trial groups receiving Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months [OR=1.31, 95%CI(1.05, 1.64), P<0.05], Galcanezumab 240 mg/month [OR=1.39, 95%CI(1.09, 1.74), P<0.05] were significantly higher than control group. Among trial groups, compared with Galcanezumab 240 mg/month group, AE of Erenumab 70 mg/month group [OR=0.67, 95%CI(0.50, 0.93), P<0.05], Erenumab 140 mg/month group [OR=0.70, 95%CI(0.51, 0.98), P<0.05] were decreased significantly. Compared with Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months group, AE of Erenumab 70 mg/month group [OR=0.72, 95%CI(0.52, 0.98), P<0.05] were decreased significantly. Network Meta-analysis ranking showed that Galcanezumab 240 mg/month> Fremanezumab 675 mg/3 months>Galcanezumab 120 mg/month>Galcanezumab 300 mg/month>Eptinezumab 300 mg/3 months>Fremanezumab 225 mg/month>Eptinezumab 100 mg/3 months>placebo>Erenumab 140 mg/month>Erenumab 70 mg/month. CONCLUSIONS: Four kinds of CGRP monoclonal antibodies are effective in the preventive treatment of migraine, among which Fremanezumab 225 mg/month is most likely to have the best efficacy and Erenumab 70 mg/month is most likely to have the highest safety.

KEYWORDS? ?Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies; Preventive treatment;Migraine; Bayesian network Meta-analysis; Efficacy; Safety

偏頭痛是一種以反復(fù)發(fā)作的偏側(cè)搏動(dòng)性頭痛為特征的原發(fā)性、致殘性神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病,其在世界范圍內(nèi)的發(fā)病率約為14.7%,在我國(guó)的發(fā)病率約為9.3%,且女性顯著高于男性[1-3]。偏頭痛的治療主要分為急性期治療和預(yù)防性治療,其中預(yù)防性治療的目的是降低偏頭痛發(fā)作的頻率、嚴(yán)重程度,縮短持續(xù)時(shí)間[1,4]。目前,臨床上用于預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的藥物主要有β受體阻滯藥(如普萘洛爾、美托洛爾)、抗癲癇藥(如丙戊酸、托吡酯)、鈣離子通道阻滯藥(如氟桂利嗪)和三環(huán)類抗抑郁藥(如阿米替林)等[4]。但由于這些藥物的特異性不高且不良反應(yīng)較多而致患者的用藥依從性較差,因此臨床迫切需要一種安全有效的偏頭痛新療法[4-5]。

近年來(lái),靶向拮抗降鈣素基因相關(guān)肽(CGRP)通路已經(jīng)成為偏頭痛治療藥物研發(fā)的熱點(diǎn),而CGRP單克隆抗體也成為了預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的新選擇[2]。截至2020年3月,Erenumab(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“Er”)、Fremanezumab(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“Fr”)、Galcanezumab(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“Ga”)和Eptinezumab(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“Ep”)均已獲得美國(guó)FDA批準(zhǔn)上市,上述藥物可通過(guò)皮下或靜脈注射用于偏頭痛的預(yù)防性治療[2,6]。此外,Er和Ga也已獲得國(guó)家藥品監(jiān)督管理局臨床試驗(yàn)?zāi)驹S可,正在國(guó)內(nèi)進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)[7]。

雖然有研究對(duì)CGRP單克隆抗體對(duì)比安慰劑用于預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的療效和安全性進(jìn)行了Meta分析,但這些研究?jī)H為單用CGRP單克隆抗體[4-5,8],未對(duì)上述4種CGRP單克隆抗體的療效和安全性進(jìn)行比較,哪種劑量的CGRP單克隆抗體療效更佳、安全性更高尚未明確。貝葉斯網(wǎng)狀Meta分析是基于貝葉斯定理的一種統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法,可采用直接或間接比較的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)同時(shí)對(duì)3種及以上干預(yù)措施的比較并進(jìn)行排序[9]。為此,本研究采用貝葉斯網(wǎng)狀Meta分析的方法系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)了Er、Fr、Ga、Ep等4種CGRP單克隆抗體預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的療效和安全性的差異,以期為其在國(guó)內(nèi)上市及臨床治療提供循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)。

1 資料與方法

1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1.1.1 研究類型 國(guó)內(nèi)外公開發(fā)表的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCT);語(yǔ)種限定為中文和英文。

1.1.2 研究對(duì)象 ①符合國(guó)際頭痛疾病分類第2版(ICHD-Ⅱ)[10]或第3版(ICHD-Ⅲ)[11]中偏頭痛的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②50歲或50歲前發(fā)病,至少有1年的偏頭痛病史;③年齡≥18歲;④性別、種族不限。

1.1.3 干預(yù)措施 試驗(yàn)組患者給予CGRP單克隆抗體,包括Er(70、140 mg/月)、Fr(675 mg/3月、225 mg/月)、Ga(120、240、300 mg/月)、Ep(100、300 mg/3月);對(duì)照組患者給予安慰劑。

1.1.4 結(jié)局指標(biāo) ①每月平均偏頭痛天數(shù)較基線的變化(MMD);②每月平均偏頭痛天數(shù)較基線減少≥50%的患者比例(MMD 50);③總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率(AE)。

1.1.5 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①非RCT,交叉試驗(yàn);②動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),自身對(duì)照試驗(yàn),開放性研究;③綜述;④個(gè)案報(bào)道,會(huì)議論文;⑤未報(bào)道相關(guān)藥物劑量的臨床試驗(yàn)。

1.2 文獻(xiàn)檢索策略

計(jì)算機(jī)檢索Cochrane圖書館、PubMed、Embase、中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、維普網(wǎng)和萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)等。中文檢索詞為“Erenumab”“Fremanezumab”“Galcanezumab”“Eptinezumab”“降鈣素基因相關(guān)肽單克隆抗體”“CGRP單克隆抗體”“偏頭痛”“預(yù)防性治療”。英文檢索詞為“Erenumab”“AMG334”“Fremanezumab”“TEV-48125”“Galcanezumab”“LY2951742”“Eptinezumab”“ALD403”“Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies”“CGRP monoclonal antibodies”“Migraine”“Preventive treatment”。檢索時(shí)限均為各數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)建庫(kù)起至2020年3月。

1.3 文獻(xiàn)篩選、資料提取與文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)

由2名研究者根據(jù)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獨(dú)立閱讀題目和摘要進(jìn)行初篩,對(duì)可能符合的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)一步閱讀全文以確定是否納入,如遇分歧則通過(guò)討論或由第3名研究者裁決。提取資料包括第一作者、發(fā)表年份、患者例數(shù)、年齡、性別、干預(yù)措施、療程、結(jié)局指標(biāo)等。采用Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)員手冊(cè) 5.1.0提供的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),具體包括隨機(jī)序列生成、分配隱藏、對(duì)受試者和干預(yù)者施盲、對(duì)結(jié)局評(píng)估者施盲、結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)的完整性、選擇性報(bào)告結(jié)果、其他偏倚來(lái)源;每項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果均分為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和不清楚[12]。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用GeMTC 0.14.3軟件和Stata 16.0軟件進(jìn)行貝葉斯網(wǎng)狀Meta分析。連續(xù)性變量采用均數(shù)差(MD)及其95%置信區(qū)間(CI)表示;二分類變量采用比值比(OR)及其95%CI表示。采用Stata 16.0軟件繪制網(wǎng)狀證據(jù)關(guān)系圖以呈現(xiàn)不同干預(yù)措施間存在的直接比較與間接比較關(guān)系。其中,馬爾科夫鏈設(shè)置為4條,迭代次數(shù)設(shè)置為50 000次,前20 000次用于退火消除初始值的影響。采用節(jié)點(diǎn)分析模型進(jìn)行一致性檢驗(yàn),若直接比較結(jié)果與間接比較結(jié)果間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),則采用一致性模型進(jìn)行網(wǎng)狀Meta分析;反之,則采用不一致性模型[13]。通過(guò)潛在尺度縮減因子(PSRF)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)迭代收斂性,PSRF限定于1~1.05時(shí)為達(dá)到滿意的收斂[14-15]。通過(guò)累積排序概率圖曲線下面積對(duì)不同干預(yù)措施進(jìn)行排序,曲線下面積的百分比越大表示排序越靠前[15]。采用Stata 16.0軟件繪制倒漏斗圖以評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)表偏倚。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果與納入研究基本信息

初檢共得到相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)3 481篇,去除重復(fù)發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)、閱讀題目和摘要后,進(jìn)一步閱讀全文,最終納入19項(xiàng)研究[16-34],其中6項(xiàng)[16-21]為Er、4項(xiàng)[22-25]為Fr、6項(xiàng)[26-31]為Ga、3項(xiàng)[32-34]為Ep。共計(jì)11 392例患者,其中試驗(yàn)組6 548例,對(duì)照組4 844例。文獻(xiàn)篩選流程圖見圖1,納入研究基本信息見表1。

2.2 納入文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果

19項(xiàng)研究[16-34]均為RCT;17項(xiàng)研究[16-31,34]描述了隨機(jī)序列生成和分配隱藏的具體方案,均采用交互式語(yǔ)音/網(wǎng)絡(luò)響應(yīng)系統(tǒng);19項(xiàng)研究[16-34]均采用了盲法;16項(xiàng)研究[16-27,31-34]結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)完整;3項(xiàng)研究[28-30]退出失訪率較高,且未描述缺失數(shù)據(jù)的處理方法;19項(xiàng)研究[16-34]均未選擇性報(bào)告研究結(jié)果,均不清楚是否存在其他偏倚來(lái)源,詳見圖2、圖3。

2.3 網(wǎng)狀Meta分析結(jié)果

2.3.1 MMD 19項(xiàng)研究[16-34]報(bào)道了MMD。本次網(wǎng)狀Meta分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)中共有10種干預(yù)措施,分別為Er 70、140 mg/月,F(xiàn)r 675 mg/3月、225 mg/月,Ga 120、240、300 mg/月,Ep 100、300 mg/3月和安慰劑,其證據(jù)關(guān)系見圖4(圖中A~J分別表示Er 70、140 mg/月,F(xiàn)r 675 mg/3月、225 mg/月,Ga 120、240、300 mg/月,Ep 100、300 mg/3月和安慰劑;圓點(diǎn)表示干預(yù)措施,圓點(diǎn)越大表示接受該干預(yù)措施的患者越多;直線表示兩種干預(yù)措施間存在直接比較證據(jù),直線越粗表示兩種干預(yù)措施進(jìn)行直接比較的研究數(shù)量越多[35],下同)。

節(jié)點(diǎn)分析模型結(jié)果顯示,直接比較結(jié)果與間接比較結(jié)果間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見表2。

2.3.2 MMD 50 19項(xiàng)研究[16-34]報(bào)道了MMD 50。本次網(wǎng)狀Meta分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)中共有10種干預(yù)措施,分別為Er 70、140 mg/月,F(xiàn)r 675 mg/3月、225 mg/月,Ga 120、240、300 mg/月,Ep 100、300 mg/3月和安慰劑,其證據(jù)關(guān)系見圖5。

2.3.3 AE 19項(xiàng)研究[16-34]報(bào)道了AE。本次網(wǎng)狀Meta分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)中共有10種干預(yù)措施,分別為Er 70、140 mg/月,F(xiàn)r 675 mg/3月、225 mg/月,Ga 120、240、300 mg/月,Ep 100、300 mg/3月和安慰劑,其證據(jù)關(guān)系見圖6。

節(jié)點(diǎn)分析模型結(jié)果顯示,直接比較結(jié)果與間接比較結(jié)果間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見表6。

2.4 發(fā)表偏倚分析

以MMD為指標(biāo)繪制倒漏斗圖,詳見圖7。由圖7可知,各研究散點(diǎn)在倒漏斗圖兩側(cè),大致呈對(duì)稱分布,提示本研究間存在發(fā)表偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可能性較小。

3 討論

偏頭痛是一種常見的、嚴(yán)重的、具有致殘性的神經(jīng)血管性疾病,臨床治療的安全和有效需求仍未得到滿足[2]。有研究表明,CGRP是由三叉神經(jīng)血管系統(tǒng)釋放的一種血管舒張性神經(jīng)肽,屬于降鈣素、腎上腺髓質(zhì)素和胰淀素家族中的一員,在偏頭痛的病理生理過(guò)程中扮演了關(guān)鍵角色[36]。偏頭痛發(fā)作期間,患者的CGRP血清濃度升高;CGRP作用于CGRP受體后,可促進(jìn)環(huán)磷酸腺苷、蛋白激酶A等的磷酸化,引起血管擴(kuò)張、肥大細(xì)胞脫顆粒和神經(jīng)源性炎癥,從而導(dǎo)致偏頭痛的發(fā)生[36-38]。CGRP單克隆抗體可通過(guò)靶向拮抗CGRP或其受體而發(fā)揮預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的作用,同時(shí)拮抗CGRP不會(huì)引起血管收縮,因此對(duì)合并心血管疾病的患者相對(duì)安全[36]。

本研究采用貝葉斯網(wǎng)狀Meta分析的方法對(duì)4種CGRP單克隆抗體共10種干預(yù)措施(含安慰劑)的療效和安全性進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組比較,4種CGRP單克隆抗體均可顯著減少患者M(jìn)MD;各試驗(yàn)組之間,與Ga 300 mg/月、Ep 100 mg/3月比較,F(xiàn)r 225 mg/月可顯著減少M(fèi)MD;網(wǎng)狀Meta排序?yàn)镕r 225 mg/月>? Fr 675 mg/3月>Ga 120 mg/月>Er 140 mg/月>Ga 240 mg/月>Ep 300 mg/3月>Er 70 mg/月>Ep 100 mg/3月>Ga 300 mg/月>安慰劑。這提示在減少M(fèi)MD方面,F(xiàn)r 225 mg/月的效果可能最佳。4種CGRP單克隆抗體均可顯著增加MMD 50;各試驗(yàn)組之間,F(xiàn)r 675 mg/3月、225 mg/月的MMD 50均顯著高于Ep 100 mg/3月;網(wǎng)狀Meta排序?yàn)镕r 225 mg/月>Fr 675 mg/3月>Er 140 mg/月>Ga 120 mg/月>Ep 300 mg/3月>Ga 240 mg/月>Er 70 mg/月>Ga 300 mg/月>Ep 100 mg/3月>安慰劑。這提示在增加MMD 50方面,F(xiàn)r 225 mg/月的效果可能最佳。

安全性方面,F(xiàn)r 675 mg/3月、Ga 240 mg/月組患者的AE均顯著高于對(duì)照組。各試驗(yàn)組之間,Er 70、140 mg/月組患者的AE均顯著低于Ga 240 mg/月,Er 70 mg/月組患者的AE顯著低于Fr 675 mg/3月;網(wǎng)狀Meta排序?yàn)镚a 240 mg/月>Fr 675 mg/3月>Ga 120 mg/月>Ga 300 mg/月>Ep 300 mg/3月>Fr 225 mg/月>Ep 100 mg/3月>安慰劑>Er 140 mg/月>Er 70 mg/月。這提示Er 70 mg/月的安全性可能最高。

本研究的局限性包括:(1)未與其他預(yù)防性治療偏頭痛的藥物進(jìn)行比較;(2)未將陣發(fā)性偏頭痛和慢性偏頭痛分開討論;(3)未對(duì)具體的安全性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析;(4)未檢索其他語(yǔ)種的文獻(xiàn),故所得結(jié)論有待更多設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)格、長(zhǎng)期隨訪的大樣本RCT進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。

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(收稿日期:2020-04-09 修回日期:2020-07-31)

(編輯:陳 宏)

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