胡立波 劉翔
【摘要】 目的:觀察丹參酮ⅡA聯(lián)合尼可地爾對冠心病左主干病變患者的臨床療效。方法:選取2016年10月-2019年7月在湖南省腦科醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科住院治療的冠心病患者60例為研究對象。通過隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為試驗(yàn)組和對照組,每組30例。對照組予以尼可地爾治療,試驗(yàn)組予以丹參酮ⅡA磺酸鈉注射液聯(lián)合尼可地爾治療。治療2周后比較兩組胸痛癥狀改善情況、心電圖總有效情況及超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,并比較治療后3個月兩組左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)和6 min步行試驗(yàn)距離。結(jié)果:治療2周后,兩組胸痛發(fā)作頻率、持續(xù)時間均治療前有明顯改善,且試驗(yàn)組發(fā)作頻率低于對照組,持續(xù)時間短于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后,試驗(yàn)組心電圖總有效率為86.67%,高于對照組的63.33%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后,兩組hs-CRP水平均較治療前下降,且試驗(yàn)組hs-CRP水平低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后3個月,兩組LVEF、6 min步行試驗(yàn)距離均較治療前明顯改善,且試驗(yàn)組LVEF較對照組改善更顯著,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:對左主干病變的冠心病患者采用丹參酮ⅡA磺酸鈉注射液聯(lián)合尼可地爾治療,可有效緩解癥狀,進(jìn)一步提高臨床效果,顯著改善患者心臟功能的遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 冠心病 左主干病變 丹參酮 尼可地爾
Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Tanshinone ⅡA Combined with Nicorandil in Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease/HU Libo, LIU Xiang. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(25): 00-005
[Abstract] Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Tanshinone ⅡA combined with Nicorandil in the treatment of left main coronary artery disease. Method: A total 60 patients with coronary heart disease who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of Hunan Brain Hospital from October 2016 to July 2019 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method, 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Nicorandil, the experimental group was treated with Tanshinone ⅡA Sodium Sulfonate Injection combined with Nicorandil. After 2 weeks of treatment, the improvement of chest pain symptoms, the total effective rate of electrocardiogram and the level of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were compared between the two groups. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the 6-minute walking test distance were compared between the two groups 3 months after treatment. Result: After 2 weeks of treatment, the frequency and duration of chest pain in the two groups were significantly improved before treatment, the attack frequency of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the duration was shorter than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate of ECG in the experimental group was 86.67%, which was higher than 63.33% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of hs-CRP in the two groups decreased compared with those of before treatment, and the level of hs-CRP in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).
3 months after treatment, LVEF and 6-min walking distance of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those of before treatment, and the LVEF of the experimental group was more significantly improved than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tanshinone ⅡA Sodium Sulfonate Injection combined with Nicorandil can effectively relieve symptoms, further improve clinical effect, and significantly improve the long-term prognosis of patients with left main coronary artery disease.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease Left main coronary artery disease Tanshinone Nicorandil
First-authors address: Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.25.001
冠狀動脈左主干病變(left main coronary artery disease, LMCA)是指冠脈造影顯示左主干狹窄≥50%,占冠心病患者的4%~6%,因其高危險、高死亡率,一直受到心內(nèi)科醫(yī)師的高度重視,且在不斷地積極探求LMCA的有效治療策略[1-2]。既往CABG被列為UPLM的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療,近年來隨著對左主干病變解剖特征研究的深入、介入治療器械的發(fā)展(DES的廣泛應(yīng)用)及介入技術(shù)的成熟,最新指南將不適合行CABG治療的冠心病患者行PCI治療列為Ⅱb類適應(yīng)證[3]。然而由于患者冠脈血管條件或患者家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)等其他原因,部分患者拒絕或無法行PCI或CABG治療,因此使用藥物保守治療改善左主干病變患者的臨床癥狀及生活質(zhì)量就顯得尤為重要。丹參酮ⅡA是中藥丹參根莖中分離得到的一種藥理活性成分,能夠防止動脈粥樣硬化、心肌損傷和心肌肥厚。丹參酮ⅡA被發(fā)現(xiàn)還有抑制炎癥因子的表達(dá)及生成從而減輕炎癥反應(yīng)[4-6];尼可地爾是一種非選擇性三磷酸腺苷(ATP)敏感鉀離子(K+)通道開放劑,臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn)尼可地爾使血管平滑肌放松,有效擴(kuò)張微血管,改善心肌灌注[7-8]。最近的基礎(chǔ)和臨床研究顯示了其對心肌損傷的保護(hù)作用,減少了心血管事件發(fā)生風(fēng)險[9-10]。本文旨在探討丹參酮ⅡA磺胺鈉注射液聯(lián)合尼可地爾治療左主干病變患者的臨床療效?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2016年10月-2019年7月在湖南省腦科醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科住院治療的冠心病患者60例為研究對象。(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):近1年行冠脈造影確診冠狀動脈左主干狹窄≥50%,未能或拒絕行PCI或CABG血運(yùn)重建治療,要求藥物保守治療。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):嚴(yán)重心力衰竭(射血分?jǐn)?shù)<30%),嚴(yán)重心律失常,合并嚴(yán)重肝、腎疾病,類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎或其他自身免疫性疾病,感染,惡性腫瘤,血液系統(tǒng)疾病及病史,未取得知情同意者。通過隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試驗(yàn)組和對照組,每組30例。本研究符合醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),均已取得患者及家屬同意,研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法 兩組均予以冠心病常規(guī)治療,包括阿司匹林(生產(chǎn)廠家:拜耳醫(yī)藥保健有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字J20130078,規(guī)格:100 mg)、血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑、β受體阻滯劑、他汀類等,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對照組予以尼可地爾片(生產(chǎn)廠家:山西同達(dá)藥業(yè)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H14023308,規(guī)格:5 mg)治療,15 mg/d,3次/d,三餐時口服;試驗(yàn)組于對照組基礎(chǔ)上加用丹參酮ⅡA磺酸鈉注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:上海上藥第一生化藥業(yè)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H31022558,規(guī)格:2 mL︰10 mg)80 mg/d靜脈滴注。兩組均連續(xù)治療14 d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.3.1 觀察比較兩組治療前后胸痛情況 包括胸痛發(fā)作頻率和胸痛持續(xù)時間,均于治療前和治療2周后比較。
1.3.2 評估兩組治療后心電圖情況 療程結(jié)束后進(jìn)行心電圖療效判定,顯效:靜息狀態(tài)下心電圖ST-T段恢復(fù)正常;有效:靜息狀態(tài)下心電圖倒置T波變淺達(dá)50%及缺血性ST段下降,或T波轉(zhuǎn)為直立;無效:心電圖無明顯變化[11]??傆行?(顯效例數(shù)+有效例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.3.3 兩組治療前后hs-CRP水平比較 采用免疫濁度法測定兩組hs-CRP水平。
1.3.4 觀察比較兩組治療前后心臟功能指標(biāo) 療程結(jié)束后3個月測定兩組左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)及6 min步行試驗(yàn)距離。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 24.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對t檢驗(yàn);計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般資料比較 兩組患者年齡、性別、吸煙情況、糖尿病情況、血壓、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、hs-CRP、心率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
2.2 兩組治療前后胸痛情況比較 治療前,兩組胸痛發(fā)作頻率、持續(xù)時間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療2周后,兩組胸痛發(fā)作頻率、持續(xù)時間均治療前有明顯改善,且試驗(yàn)組發(fā)作頻率低于對照組,持續(xù)時間短于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組治療后心電圖改善情況比較 治療后,試驗(yàn)組心電圖總有效率為86.67%,高于對照組的63.33%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(字2=3.859 9,P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 兩組治療前后hs-CRP水平比較 治療后,兩組hs-CRP水平均較治療前下降,且試驗(yàn)組hs-CRP水平低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
2.5 兩組治療前后心臟功能指標(biāo)比較 治療前,兩組LVEF、6 min步行試驗(yàn)距離比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后3個月,兩組LVEF、6 min步行試驗(yàn)距離均較治療前明顯改善,且試驗(yàn)組LVEF較對照組改善更顯著(P<0.05)。治療后3個月,兩組6 min步行試驗(yàn)距離比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表5。
3 討論
左主干是升主動脈根部冠狀動脈竇上最大、最短、最重要的血管,發(fā)自左冠竇上,供應(yīng)心臟血液的70%~75%,在整個左心系統(tǒng)的血供中占主導(dǎo)地位,因此左主干由于狹窄、堵塞等原因出現(xiàn)血流阻斷,非常容易導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的心肌缺血,引發(fā)心肌梗死、心力衰竭或心源性休克、甚至猝死[12-14]。但目前中國尤其是中國農(nóng)村偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)仍存在部分左主干病變患者,因拒絕或無法行PCI及CABG術(shù)而采取藥物保守治療方法,那么在常規(guī)抗血小板聚集、降脂穩(wěn)斑的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)且療效肯定的治療方法來改善這部分患者的癥狀及生活質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要。
我國傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥學(xué)早在《內(nèi)經(jīng)》中就有對“心痹”發(fā)病特點(diǎn)的基本認(rèn)識:“胸中痛,脅支滿,脅下痛”,認(rèn)為治療主要以活血化瘀為主。丹參酮ⅡA磺胺鈉作為一種常見活血化瘀中藥制劑,是從丹參中分離出的二萜醌類化合物丹參酮ⅡA,經(jīng)磺化而得出的一種水溶性物質(zhì)。研究表明,丹參酮ⅡA磺酸鈉注射液主要作用機(jī)制為:(1)使纖維蛋白原裂解,生成纖維蛋白原降解產(chǎn)物,增加纖維蛋白原激活物活性而引起纖溶,從而降低血液D-二聚體的水平,改變血液高凝狀態(tài),抑制血栓形成;(2)升高缺氧造成的心肌細(xì)胞膜電位,降低線粒體膜電位,維持缺氧狀態(tài)下兩者平衡,最大限度保護(hù)心肌細(xì)胞;(3)直接激活冠狀動脈平滑肌細(xì)胞激活鉀通道擴(kuò)張冠脈,增加心肌血流量,從而有效緩解心肌缺血現(xiàn)象;(4)通過抑制LDL氧化、單核細(xì)胞黏附、平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖遷移、巨噬細(xì)胞膽固醇堆積以及抑制促炎細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)等效應(yīng)穩(wěn)定粥樣斑塊[15-16]。尼可地爾是一種具有雙重作用機(jī)制的藥物,通過激活血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的鳥苷酸環(huán)化酶,產(chǎn)生類硝酸酯作用,還可通過ATP敏感的K+通道開放作用,使血管平滑肌和線粒體的K+-ATP通道開放,抑制Ca2+的內(nèi)流,舒張小冠狀動脈和阻力血管,增加冠狀動脈血流[17-18]。
本研究顯示,針對左主干病變,丹參酮ⅡA磺酸鈉注射液聯(lián)合尼可地爾在控制胸痛發(fā)作及改善活動耐量方面均顯示出明顯效果??赡苡幸韵聨讉€方面的原因:(1)兩者均可改善心肌缺血區(qū)域側(cè)支循環(huán)及局部供氧供血,保護(hù)心肌細(xì)胞,同時抑制血小板聚集、血栓形成,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用;(2)hs-CRP是作為系統(tǒng)性炎癥的一個強(qiáng)有力的標(biāo)志物[19],并且Meta分析表明hs-CRP>3 mg/L是心血管事件的獨(dú)立危險因素[20],而丹參酮ⅡA具有顯著抗炎作用,降低hs-CRP濃度可進(jìn)一步有利于患者;(3)相較于傳統(tǒng)硝酸酯類藥物,尼可地爾發(fā)揮類硝酸酯作用,具備更低的耐藥性,長期應(yīng)用可改善患者遠(yuǎn)期生活質(zhì)量。
綜上所述,對左主干病變患者采用丹參酮ⅡA磺酸鈉注射液聯(lián)合尼可地爾治療,可有效緩解患者胸痛癥狀,進(jìn)一步提高臨床效果及心電圖療效,顯著改善患者心臟功能。然而本試驗(yàn)仍具有一定局限性。首先,由于冠心病患者中左主干病變占比較低,限制了更大樣本量的獲取。其次,部分研究對象為農(nóng)村偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)患者,這給長期隨訪造成巨大困難,今后還需繼續(xù)收集相關(guān)資料,開展大規(guī)模多地區(qū)的臨床試驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-06) (本文編輯:姬思雨)