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胰腺占位性病變性質(zhì)診斷中超聲造影的應(yīng)用及臨床價(jià)值探討

2020-11-09 02:55龐慧賢黃翠平衛(wèi)紅艷
關(guān)鍵詞:超聲造影

龐慧賢 黃翠平 衛(wèi)紅艷

【摘要】 目的:探討胰腺占位性病變性質(zhì)診斷中超聲造影的應(yīng)用及臨床價(jià)值。方法:選取2017年4月-2018年12月本院收治的疑似胰腺占位性病變患者55例作為研究對(duì)象。分析胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)、良性、惡性病變超聲造影檢查時(shí)的相變化,胰腺良性、惡性病變超聲造影檢查時(shí)的相變化,胰腺良性、惡性病變?cè)煊霸鰪?qiáng)檢查時(shí)的表現(xiàn),超聲造影、常規(guī)超聲診斷胰腺病變最終結(jié)果。結(jié)果:惡性病變始增時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)(P<0.05);惡性病變始減時(shí)間、渡越時(shí)間均短于良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)(P<0.05);良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)始增時(shí)間、始減時(shí)間及渡越時(shí)間比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)意義(P>0.05)。良性病變與惡性病變晚增同退、無(wú)增、早增晚退相比,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),良性病變晚增早退、同增早退少于惡性病變,同增同退多于惡性病變,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。良性病變部分增強(qiáng)、全部增強(qiáng)與惡性病變相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。超聲造影診斷正確率高于常規(guī)超聲,不能定性率低于常規(guī)超聲,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩者診斷錯(cuò)誤率相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:胰腺占位性病變性質(zhì)診斷中,超聲造影可以對(duì)血流灌注情況進(jìn)行觀察,可為臨床診斷、鑒別胰腺占位性病變提供一定的參考價(jià)值,臨床利用價(jià)值較高。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 胰腺占位性病變 性質(zhì)診斷 超聲造影

Application and Clinical Value of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Space Occupying Lesions/PANG Huixian, HUANG Cuiping, WEI Hongyan. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(28): -150

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the application and clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of pancreatic space occupying lesions. Method: From April 2017 to December 2018, 55 patients with suspected pancreatic space occupying lesions admitted to our hospital were selected as the research objects. The pancreatic parenchymal, benign, and malignant lesions during ultrasound contrast examination, pancreatic benign and malignant lesions during ultrasound contrast examination, pancreatic benign, malignant lesions during contrast enhancement examination, Ultrasound contrast, conventional ultrasound diagnosis of pancreatic lesions the final result were analyzed. Result: The initial increase time of malignant lesions was longer than those of benign lesions and pancreatic parenchyma (P<0.05); the initial decrease time and transit time of malignant lesions were shorter than those of benign lesions and pancreatic parenchyma (P<0.05); the initial increase time, the initial decrease time and the transit time between benign lesions and pancreatic parenchyma were not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in late increase and regression, no increase, early increase and late regression between benign lesions and malignant lesions (P>0.05); the increase and decrease were less than those of malignant lesions (P<0.05); the same increase and decrease were more than those of malignant lesions (P<0.05). The partial enhancement and full enhancement of benign lesions and malignant lesions compared, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound was higher than that of conventional ultrasound, the undetermined rate was lower than that of conventional ultrasound (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the diagnostic error rate between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: In the diagnosis of the nature of pancreatic space occupying lesions, contrast-enhanced ultrasound can clarify the clear blood perfusion and provide a certain reference value for clinical diagnosis and identification of pancreatic space occupying lesions. and the clinical value is higher.

[Key words] Pancreatic space occupying lesions Nature diagnosis Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

First-authors address: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.28.038

胰腺有外分泌、內(nèi)分泌兩種細(xì)胞,外分泌細(xì)胞癌即胰腺癌,該腫瘤惡性程度比較高,多發(fā)于中老年人群[1]。內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞癌又稱(chēng)神經(jīng)內(nèi)癌,該腫瘤病程長(zhǎng),惡性程度低,臨床上比較少見(jiàn)[2]。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,胰腺癌發(fā)生率逐漸升高,且偏向于年輕化。隨著影像學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,超聲檢查在胰腺占位性病變中的檢出率較高[3]。但是定性診斷存在較大的難度,尤其在惡性腫瘤、局限性炎性包塊診斷中誤診率非常高[4]。因此,臨床上對(duì)良惡性的鑒別非常重要,通過(guò)超聲造影檢查可為臨床診斷良惡性病變提供更好的方法[5]。本次研究的目的是探討胰腺占位性病變性質(zhì)診斷中超聲造影的應(yīng)用及臨床價(jià)值,以便為臨床診斷、治療胰腺占位性病變提供一定的支持?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取2017年4月-2018年12月本院收治的疑似胰腺占位性病變患者55例作為研究對(duì)象,最終確診50例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)均在本院接受檢查;(2)同意超聲造影檢查;(3)無(wú)造影劑過(guò)敏。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)精神異常;(2)存在其他惡性腫瘤疾病;(3)臨床資料不完整。該研究已經(jīng)倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 儀器 使用GE LOGIQ E9檢查,探頭頻率選擇2.5~5.0 MHz,造影劑為聲諾維(SonoVue),經(jīng)肘靜脈按照2~3 s的速度為患者推注造影劑(2.0 mL)。1.2.2 檢查 先對(duì)所有患者進(jìn)行常規(guī)空腹超聲檢查,對(duì)胰腺病變發(fā)生位置、形態(tài)、大小、血供、回聲、邊界進(jìn)行觀察。后進(jìn)行超聲造影檢查,對(duì)病變?cè)鰪?qiáng)、消退模式、時(shí)間進(jìn)行觀察,同時(shí)對(duì)非腫瘤區(qū)域的胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)增強(qiáng)、消退模式、時(shí)間情況進(jìn)行觀察,通過(guò)錄像回放、時(shí)間強(qiáng)度曲線對(duì)胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)、病變開(kāi)始消退時(shí)間、到達(dá)峰值、開(kāi)始增強(qiáng)時(shí)間進(jìn)行最終的判斷。造影后立刻或者是2周內(nèi)對(duì)患者進(jìn)行超聲引導(dǎo)下手術(shù)治療或穿刺活檢。所有穿刺活檢顯示陰性的患者要進(jìn)行半年的隨訪,患者造影前或2周內(nèi)進(jìn)行增強(qiáng)螺旋CT掃描。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 分析胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)、良性、惡性病變超聲造影檢查時(shí)的相變化,分析胰腺良性、惡性病變超聲造影檢查時(shí)的相變化,分析胰腺良性、惡性病變?cè)煊霸鰪?qiáng)檢查時(shí)的表現(xiàn),分析超聲造影、常規(guī)超聲診斷胰腺病變最終結(jié)果。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 22.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 基線資料情況 55例患者中,男29例,女26例;年齡57~78歲,平均(70.4±1.3)歲;病灶直徑1.0~10.4 cm,平均(4.7±1.2)cm;穿刺活檢33例,手術(shù)切除17例,臨床確診胰腺癌5例,其中胰腺癌并發(fā)肝轉(zhuǎn)移、肺轉(zhuǎn)移2例,晚期胰腺癌手術(shù)探查、周?chē)鷱V泛侵犯無(wú)法手術(shù)切除3例;良性病變14例,假性囊腫1例、囊腺瘤2例、胰島細(xì)胞瘤2例、局限性胰腺炎9例,惡性病變41例,未能分型5例、小細(xì)胞癌1例、類(lèi)癌1例、惡性?xún)?nèi)分泌瘤

1例、淋巴瘤2例、囊性實(shí)性乳頭狀瘤3例、腺癌28例;病變位置:體尾部9例,尾部9例,胰體16例,胰頭21例;囊實(shí)性病變11例,實(shí)性病變44例。

2.2 胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)、良性、惡性病變超聲造影檢查時(shí)的相變化比較 三者峰值時(shí)間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)意義(P>0.05);惡性病變始增時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)(P<0.05);惡性病變始減時(shí)間、渡越時(shí)間均短于良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)(P<0.05);良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)始增時(shí)間、始減時(shí)間及渡越時(shí)間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。

2.3 胰腺良性、惡性病變超聲造影檢查時(shí)的相變化比較 兩組晚增同退、無(wú)增、早增晚退相比,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);良性病變晚增早退、同增早退均少于惡性病變,同增同退多于惡性病變(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

2.4 胰腺良性、惡性病變進(jìn)行造影增強(qiáng)檢查時(shí)的表現(xiàn)分析 良性病變部分增強(qiáng)、全部增強(qiáng)與惡性病變相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。

2.5 超聲造影、常規(guī)超聲診斷胰腺病變最終結(jié)果分析? 超聲造影診斷正確率高于常規(guī)超聲,不能定性率低于常規(guī)超聲,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩者診斷錯(cuò)誤率相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。

3 討論

胰腺病變是近年臨床發(fā)生率較高的疾病,臨床主要依靠影像學(xué)對(duì)其進(jìn)行檢查[6-9]。近幾年隨著影像學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,胰腺占位病變檢出率顯著提高,但常規(guī)檢查無(wú)法對(duì)良惡性進(jìn)行有效鑒別[10-12]。近幾年,超聲造影檢查為臨床胰腺占位病變提供了新的思路,且可對(duì)血流情況進(jìn)行明確[13-15]。

胰腺的血供比較豐富,各動(dòng)脈間會(huì)構(gòu)成血管供應(yīng)網(wǎng),通過(guò)超聲造影檢查可對(duì)胰腺、腫瘤的微血管進(jìn)行清晰顯示[16-18]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,惡性病變始增時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)(P<0.05),良性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)始增時(shí)間相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);惡性病變、胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)峰值時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于良性病變(P<0.05),惡性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)峰值時(shí)間相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);良性病變始減時(shí)間、渡越時(shí)間均大于惡性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)(P<0.05),惡性病變與胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)始減時(shí)間、渡越時(shí)間相比,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。分析原因,造影劑在惡性病變中的渡越時(shí)間會(huì)比胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)短,胰腺惡性病變細(xì)胞會(huì)分泌協(xié)管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子促使內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),刺激新生血管形成;病變中有的血管被腫瘤組織所侵犯,血管會(huì)形成動(dòng)靜脈短路或者是結(jié)構(gòu)顯示異常,這是導(dǎo)致造影劑在惡性病變中的渡越時(shí)間會(huì)比胰腺實(shí)質(zhì)短的主要原因[19-20]。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,良性病變部分增強(qiáng)、全部增強(qiáng)與惡性病變相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);超聲造影診斷正確率高于常規(guī)超聲,不能定性率低于常規(guī)超聲,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩者診斷錯(cuò)誤率相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

綜上所述,胰腺占位性病變性質(zhì)診斷中,超聲造影可對(duì)血流灌注情況進(jìn)行明確,可為臨床診斷、鑒別胰腺占位性病變提供一定的參考價(jià)值,臨床利用價(jià)值較高。

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(收稿日期:2020-04-26) (本文編輯:程旭然)

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