姚衛(wèi)宏 姚輝富 馮澤川 劉聰
【摘要】 目的:探討磁共振三維偽連續(xù)式動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記成像(3D-pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling,3D-pCASL)雙期相掃描技術(shù)對(duì)單側(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈(middle cerebral artery,MCA)次全閉塞腦灌注血流量的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,以評(píng)價(jià)有癥狀與無(wú)癥狀患者腦灌注的差異性。方法:前瞻性選取2018年7月-2019年10月本院收治的48例MCA次全閉塞患者,依據(jù)MRI檢查前1個(gè)月有無(wú)TIA病史分為癥狀組(30例)和無(wú)癥狀組(18例)。所有患者均行常規(guī)MRI檢查、磁共振腦血管成像(MRA)、擴(kuò)散加權(quán)成像(DWI)及3D-pCASL[標(biāo)記后延遲時(shí)間(PLD)=1.5、2.5 s]掃描,3D-pCASL原始數(shù)據(jù)輸入GE AW 4.7工作站后應(yīng)用ReadyView軟件進(jìn)行圖像后處理,生成全腦血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)圖,分別測(cè)量患側(cè)基底節(jié)、島葉、顳葉皮層區(qū)及鏡像對(duì)照側(cè)CBF,然后取相應(yīng)側(cè)平均值,比較分析3D-pCASL對(duì)癥狀組與無(wú)癥狀組腦灌注量的評(píng)估價(jià)值。結(jié)果:癥狀組3D-pCASL灌注圖患側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均低于鏡像側(cè),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=1.5 s)平均值分別為23.51、36.56 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=2.5 s)平均值分別為32.82、43.58 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均值的比值分別為0.64、0.75,呈低灌注狀態(tài)。無(wú)癥狀組3D-pCASL灌注圖患側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均低于鏡像側(cè),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=1.5 s)平均值分別為39.38、49.68 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=2.5 s)平均值分別為46.98、54.56 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均值的比值分別為0.79、0.86,呈低灌注狀態(tài)。兩組患側(cè)測(cè)量區(qū)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。癥狀組與無(wú)癥狀組患者PLD=1.5 s時(shí)患側(cè)和鏡像側(cè)的CBF值均低于PLD=2.5 s,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。3例3D-pCASL(PLD=2.5 s)患側(cè)顳葉皮層區(qū)CBF較對(duì)側(cè)鏡像區(qū)≥11.6%。6例患者患側(cè)腦皮層和皮層下見(jiàn)ATA信號(hào)。隨訪3個(gè)月2例患者患側(cè)出現(xiàn)急性腦卒中。結(jié)論:雙期相3D-pCASL技術(shù)可準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈次全閉塞患者腦灌注血流量,無(wú)癥狀患者較有癥狀患者側(cè)支循環(huán)腦灌注量高,PLD=1.5 s較2.5 s敏感性高,PLD=2.5 s能夠準(zhǔn)確反映二級(jí)側(cè)支循環(huán)代償狀況。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記 大腦中動(dòng)脈閉塞 磁共振灌注成像 腦血流量
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the value of Dual-phase magnetic resonance imaging (3D-pCASL) on cerebral perfusion flow of middle cerebral artery (MCA) with subtotal occlusion, so as to evaluate the difference between symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients. Method: A total of 48 patients with subtotal occlusion of MCA admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to October 2019 were prospectively selected, they were divided into the symptomatic group (30 cases) and the asymptomatic group (18 cases) according to the history of TIA or not one month before MRI examination. All patients were performed routine MRI, magnetic resonance (NMR) and cerebrovascular imaging (MRA), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D-pCASL [tag after the delay time (PLD)=1.5, 2.5 s] scanning, 3D-pCASL original data input after GE AW workstation 4.7 ReadyView software was used to image post-processing, generate the cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood flow(CBF) figure, measured with lateral lobe, temporal lobe cortex, basal ganglia, island area and CBF image contrast, and then take corresponding average side, the evaluation value of 3D-pCASL on cerebral perfusion in symptomatic group and asymptomatic group was compared and analyzed. Result: CBF values (PLD=1.5, 2.5 s) on the affected side of 3D-pCASL perfusion in the symptom group were all lower than those on the mirror side, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the mean values of the affected side, mirror side (PLD=1.5 s) were 23.51, 36.56 mL/(100 g·min), respectively; the mean values of the affected side, mirror side (PLD=2.5 s) were 32.82, 43.58 mL/(100 g·min), respectively; the ratios of the mean CBF values of the affected side and the mirror side (PLD=1.5, 2.5 s) were 0.64 and 0.75, respectively, showing a hypoperfusion state. CBF values (PLD=1.5, 2.5 s) on the affected side of 3D-pCASL perfusion map in the asymptomatic group were lower than those on the mirror side, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the mean values of the affected side, mirror side (PLD=1.5 s) were 39.38, 49.68 mL/(100 g·min), respectively; the mean values of the affected side, mirror side (PLD=2.5 s) were 46.98, 54.56 mL/(100 g·min), respectively; the ratio of the mean CBF values of the affected side and the mirror side (PLD=1.5, 2.5 s) were 0.79 and 0.86, respectively, showing a hypoperfusion state. Comparison of CBF values (PLD=1.5, 2.5 s) in the measured area of the affected side between the two groups showed statistically significant differences (P<0.01). When PLD=1.5 s in the symptomatic group and the asymptomatic group, the CBF value of the affected side and the mirror side was lower than that of PLD=2.5 s, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). 3 cases of 3D-pCASL (PLD=2.5 s) had CBF in the temporal cortex of the affected side greater than 11.6% in the contralateral mirror area. ATA signal was observed in the cortex and subcortex of the affected side in 6 patients. 2 patients with acute cerebral apoplexy were followed up for 3 months. Conclusion: Dual-phase 3D-pCASL technology can accurately detect cerebral perfusion blood flow in patients with middle cerebral artery incomplete occlusion, the amount of cerebral perfusion in asymptomatic patients is higher than that in symptomatic patients, PLD=1.5 s is more sensitive than 2.5 s, PLD=2.5 s can accurately reflect the secondary collateral circulation compensation.
[Key words] Arterial spin labeling Middle cerebral artery occlusion Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging Cerebral blood flow
First-authors address: Liaocheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.23.007
慢性缺血性腦血管病(ischemic cerebral vascular diease,ICVD)多由動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化致血管腔狹窄或閉塞引起,造成腦血流灌注降低而引起臨床癥狀,大腦中動(dòng)脈(middle cerebral artery,MCA)供血區(qū)是最常見(jiàn)受累部位。Ryu等[1]評(píng)估有癥狀與無(wú)癥狀的MCA次全閉塞患者認(rèn)為,有癥狀患者發(fā)生腦中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯較大,其原因多與血流儲(chǔ)備和側(cè)支循環(huán)代償較差有關(guān)。磁共振三維偽連續(xù)式動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記成像(3D-pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling,3D-pCASL)采用快速自旋回波技術(shù),以體內(nèi)動(dòng)脈血中水分子作為內(nèi)源性磁性示蹤劑進(jìn)行容積成像,能夠反映組織微血管灌注水平,圖像信噪比高,偽影小。作為一種無(wú)輻射、無(wú)損傷、可重復(fù)性強(qiáng)的灌注成像方法,已廣泛應(yīng)用于腦血管及腦腫瘤微循環(huán)的評(píng)價(jià)中,但對(duì)腦血管次全閉塞患者研究相對(duì)較少。本研究應(yīng)用雙期相(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)3D-pCASL技術(shù)研究單側(cè)MCA次全閉塞患者腦血管責(zé)任區(qū)血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)變化情況,以期更客觀評(píng)價(jià)有癥狀和無(wú)癥狀患者腦血流灌注水平及血流儲(chǔ)備狀態(tài)的差異性,為臨床治療及預(yù)后觀察提供依據(jù)?,F(xiàn)將研究結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 前瞻性收集2018年7月-2019年10月本院收治的單側(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈次全閉塞患者48例,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)MRI提示單側(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈重度狹窄(狹窄率≥75%)或次全閉塞;(2)所有患者行常規(guī)MRI檢查、MRA及3D-pCASL掃描,DWI(B值=0、1 000 s/mm2)未見(jiàn)新近擴(kuò)散受限高信號(hào);(3)所有患者檢查前未進(jìn)行過(guò)任何臨床治療性干預(yù)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)腦內(nèi)腫瘤、炎癥、血管畸形、腦外傷或腦出血患者;(2)有新近腦梗死、既往有較大面積腦梗死或腦軟化灶者;(3)危重病患者,發(fā)熱、有心臟起搏器及幽閉恐懼癥等磁共振檢查禁忌證患者。48例患者中男26例,女22例,年齡53~89歲,中位61歲;有癥狀者30例,定義為1個(gè)月內(nèi)出現(xiàn)過(guò)眩暈、肢體乏力、記憶力減退及語(yǔ)言不利等臨床癥狀;無(wú)癥狀組18例,定義為近1個(gè)月內(nèi)未出現(xiàn)臨床腦神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)不適或腦血管事件。本研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會(huì)審查通過(guò),患者或家屬均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 方法 應(yīng)用美國(guó)GE signa 1.5T磁共振掃描儀,使用頭頸聯(lián)合8通道線圈(8HRBRAIN),患者仰臥檢查床后保持靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),雙手置于身體兩側(cè),閉上眼睛,用棉球堵塞耳朵進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力保護(hù)。掃描基線平行于胼胝體嘴部與壓部下緣連線,自顱底掃描至顱頂。3D-pCASL掃描序列:PLD分別為1 525 ms、2 525 s,TR=4 361/5 326 ms,TE=10.5 ms,層厚24 mm,層數(shù)36,矩陣大小512×512,F(xiàn)OV=240 mm×240 mm,激勵(lì)次數(shù)為3,翻轉(zhuǎn)角度62.5°,掃描時(shí)間分別為4 min 29 s、5 min 9 s。掃描結(jié)束后將所得原始圖像傳輸至AW 4.7后處理工作站,應(yīng)用Functool-ReadyView軟件包自動(dòng)生成全腦灌注CBF圖(PLD=1.5、2.5 s),由兩名神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)副主任醫(yī)師對(duì)患側(cè)及鏡像對(duì)照側(cè)基底節(jié)、島葉及顳葉皮層CBF進(jìn)行手動(dòng)勾畫(huà)測(cè)量,ROI為50 mm2,測(cè)量時(shí)避開(kāi)腦溝、腦裂及軟化灶,測(cè)量后取平均值作為該側(cè)的CBF值,并計(jì)算患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)CBF比值,比值<0.9為低灌注,0.9~1.1為等灌注,>1.1為高灌注。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 所有數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0軟件包進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者一般資料比較 兩組患者年齡、性別等一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。36例MRA單側(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈完全未見(jiàn)顯示,12例單側(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈僅M1段顯示少許纖細(xì)高信號(hào),13例中遠(yuǎn)段未見(jiàn)顯示,遠(yuǎn)側(cè)端見(jiàn)等信號(hào)血栓影,原始圖像大腦皮層區(qū)腦溝內(nèi)見(jiàn)纖細(xì)側(cè)支循環(huán)建立。
2.2 兩組雙期相PLD患側(cè)及鏡像側(cè)責(zé)任區(qū)CBF值比較 癥狀組3D-pCASL灌注圖患側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均低于鏡像側(cè),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=1.5 s)平均值分別為23.51、36.56 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=2.5 s)平均值分別為32.82、43.58 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均值的比值分別為0.64、0.75,呈低灌注狀態(tài)。無(wú)癥狀組3D-pCASL灌注圖患側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均低于鏡像側(cè),差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=1.5 s)平均值分別為39.38、49.68 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)、鏡像側(cè)(PLD=2.5 s)平均值分別為46.98、54.56 mL/(100 g·min),患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)均值的比值分別為0.79、0.86,呈低灌注狀態(tài)。兩組患側(cè)測(cè)量區(qū)CBF值(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。癥狀組與無(wú)癥狀組患者PLD=1.5 s時(shí)患側(cè)和鏡像側(cè)的CBF值均低于PLD=2.5 s(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。3例3D-pCASL(PLD=2.5 s)患側(cè)顳葉皮層區(qū)CBF較對(duì)側(cè)鏡像區(qū)≥11.6%。6例患者患側(cè)腦皮層和皮層下見(jiàn)ATA信號(hào)。隨訪3個(gè)月2例患者患側(cè)出現(xiàn)急性腦卒中。
2.3 典型病例 患者,男,63歲,眩暈1周,見(jiàn)圖1~4。
3 討論
動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化引起腦動(dòng)脈慢性狹窄是臨床常見(jiàn)病,發(fā)病率高居不下。MCA是頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈的直接延續(xù),不參與Willis環(huán)的建立,由于受解剖因素影響,狹窄或次全閉塞發(fā)生率最高(55%~99%狹窄)[2],所引起的責(zé)任區(qū)低灌注狀態(tài)與缺血性梗死嚴(yán)重影響患者的生存健康與生命安全。癥狀性腦動(dòng)脈狹窄患者狹窄進(jìn)展率和卒中發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率是無(wú)癥狀患者的3倍[1]。因此,早期評(píng)估及干預(yù)可降低發(fā)病率,提高生存率。目前,3D-pCASL磁共振掃描技術(shù)能夠無(wú)創(chuàng)評(píng)估缺血腦組織CBF。有研究表明,1.5T MRI的3D-pCASL可準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估健康成人靜息狀態(tài)下大腦皮髓質(zhì)灌注血流量[3-4],De等[5]認(rèn)為3D-pCASL敏感性高于DSC-PWI,且重建時(shí)間更短(4~6 min)。
MCA慢性重度狹窄或次全閉塞后,腦灌注CBF下降,臨床表現(xiàn)各異,可能是由于側(cè)支循環(huán)對(duì)腦灌注量產(chǎn)生的影響不同所致,本研究根據(jù)患者有無(wú)癥狀分為癥狀組和無(wú)癥狀組。癥狀組的入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是根據(jù)患者的臨床表現(xiàn)及癥狀出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間窗,從癥狀出現(xiàn)到MRI檢查間隔時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)1個(gè)月。而無(wú)癥狀組患者主要以臨床病史作為參考依據(jù)。腦血流量(CBF)是指腦動(dòng)脈單位時(shí)間內(nèi)輸送到組織毛細(xì)血管床的血量,與受試者的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)和代謝狀況密切相關(guān)。本研究中,兩組性別、年齡、危險(xiǎn)因素比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),與Lou等[6]研究結(jié)果一致,唐納等[7]應(yīng)用3D-pCASL測(cè)量健康人群腦各解剖區(qū)域CBF時(shí)也認(rèn)為,年齡因素?zé)o顯著影響,女性除左側(cè)丘腦外,各腦區(qū)的CBF值均高于男性。而Zhang等[8]認(rèn)為不同個(gè)體之間存在差異性,與年齡呈負(fù)相關(guān)。出現(xiàn)結(jié)論各異的原因考慮與所選患者人群的差異性或研究設(shè)計(jì)的多樣性有關(guān)。
PLD是3D-pCASL成像技術(shù)非常重要的參數(shù),定義為血管內(nèi)水分子開(kāi)始標(biāo)記到腦內(nèi)完成交換后信號(hào)采集的時(shí)間[9],Choi等[10]研究表明,多個(gè)PLD可以評(píng)估大腦中動(dòng)脈閉塞后的血流儲(chǔ)備能力。Hu等[11]對(duì)腦灌注量應(yīng)用多個(gè)PLD分析后認(rèn)為,短PLD對(duì)于腦缺血的敏感性高,而長(zhǎng)PLD則具有較高的特異性,進(jìn)而可以評(píng)估前向血流和迂回側(cè)支循環(huán),因此本研究采用兩個(gè)PLD(1.5、2.5 s)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,癥狀組與無(wú)癥狀組在PLD=1.5、2.5 s時(shí)患側(cè)腦CBF比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),兩組患側(cè)大腦半球腦組織灌注量明顯低于鏡像側(cè)(P<0.05),與Lin等[12]研究結(jié)果相符,提示血管反應(yīng)性降低。PLD=1.5 s時(shí)癥狀組患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)CBF差值較無(wú)癥狀組顯著,與Lou等[6]報(bào)道結(jié)果一致,說(shuō)明無(wú)癥狀患者較有癥狀患者側(cè)支循環(huán)腦灌注血流量大,眼動(dòng)脈或周圍軟腦膜吻合動(dòng)脈的順向血流起到一定的補(bǔ)償作用。Nam等[13]報(bào)道3D-pCASL不僅可以觀察缺血區(qū)的低灌注程度,且周邊ATA或動(dòng)脈內(nèi)高信號(hào)(intraarterial high-intensity signal,IAS)的間接征象也能反映側(cè)支循環(huán)代償水平或大血管狹窄狀態(tài),皮層區(qū)ATA增加有助于減少腦血管事件的發(fā)生,而IAS增多則有促進(jìn)作用。PLD與血流流速成反比,Akiyama等[14]應(yīng)用雙期PLD(1.5、2.5 s)分析單側(cè)腦動(dòng)脈閉塞或頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈狹窄(ICA)患者CBF,并與DSA對(duì)照研究后認(rèn)為,PLD=1.5 s低灌注區(qū)在延遲到2.5 s時(shí)灌注量增加會(huì)出現(xiàn)ATA,認(rèn)為通過(guò)此方法可區(qū)分發(fā)育良好的末梢動(dòng)脈與流速較慢的靜脈,同時(shí)可通過(guò)計(jì)算逆向血流百分比來(lái)評(píng)估側(cè)支循環(huán)血流量[15],Choi等[10]也認(rèn)為多個(gè)PLD可以預(yù)測(cè)單側(cè)大腦中動(dòng)脈閉塞后的血流儲(chǔ)備能力。本研究癥狀組患側(cè)(PLD=1.5、2.5 s)CBF增大幅度均較無(wú)癥狀組高,6例患者CBF偽彩圖腦皮層和皮層下區(qū)域見(jiàn)小條狀或蚓狀高灌注ATA信號(hào),說(shuō)明前向血流對(duì)灌注量貢獻(xiàn)大于側(cè)支逆向血流,與Lyu等[15]研究結(jié)果一致。腦血管次全閉塞后,血流速度減慢,動(dòng)脈血通過(guò)時(shí)間(ATT)延長(zhǎng),本研究癥狀組與無(wú)癥狀組長(zhǎng)PLD(2.5 s)的CBF均大于短PLD(1.5 s),說(shuō)明延遲PLD更接近于ATT,包含更多的前向順行血流與側(cè)支循環(huán)形成的逆向血流。有報(bào)道顯示,血管狹窄的老年患者PLD=2.5 s時(shí)能更好地反映腦組織缺血灌注的真實(shí)情況,在重度狹窄患者中3D-pCASL CBF(PLD=2.5 s)低灌注范圍與DSCTmax、MTT一致性較好,可能與重度狹窄患者側(cè)支循環(huán)建立后,短PLD時(shí)間無(wú)法探測(cè)側(cè)支循環(huán)的前向血流有關(guān)[16]。本研究中3例無(wú)癥狀患者PLD=2.5 s時(shí),患側(cè)顳葉皮層區(qū)CBF較對(duì)側(cè)≥11.6%,說(shuō)明軟腦膜豐富的吻合支和旁路交通動(dòng)脈血流量高于原有水平,表現(xiàn)為相對(duì)過(guò)度灌注,可能由于長(zhǎng)期的腦灌注不足和血流動(dòng)力學(xué)代償作用導(dǎo)致二級(jí)側(cè)支的恢復(fù)和交通動(dòng)脈的開(kāi)放。Saura等[17]應(yīng)用PET評(píng)估慢性動(dòng)脈重度狹窄或次全閉塞患者M(jìn)CA責(zé)任區(qū)認(rèn)為,腦CBF和氧攝取分?jǐn)?shù)增加,原因可能為慢性狹窄或次全閉塞進(jìn)展過(guò)程中,側(cè)支循環(huán)代償性重建良好和腦血管的儲(chǔ)備能力較強(qiáng),但不會(huì)引起顯著的灌注狀態(tài)改變。
3D-pCASL技術(shù)雖然在無(wú)創(chuàng)測(cè)量腦血流量研究方面有很大優(yōu)勢(shì),但生成的CBF圖為相對(duì)血流量圖,不能完全真實(shí)反映腦組織灌注血流量,因此本研究用患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)的比值來(lái)評(píng)價(jià),為了減小人工測(cè)量誤差,CBF采用大腦中動(dòng)脈供血區(qū)基底節(jié)、島葉及顳葉皮層區(qū)的平均值。癥狀組與無(wú)癥狀組患者的患側(cè)與鏡像側(cè)CBF比值均小于以往學(xué)者研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.9,以癥狀組為明顯,呈顯著低灌注狀態(tài),PLD=1.5 s和2.5 s時(shí)的比值分別為0.64、0.75??碘暤萚18]認(rèn)為相對(duì)腦血流量(relative cerebral blood flow,rCBF)與新發(fā)腦梗死呈負(fù)相關(guān),rCBF越低發(fā)生腦梗死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大,Lyu等[19]認(rèn)為1年內(nèi)缺血事件發(fā)生率為16.3%,本研究隨訪3個(gè)月后發(fā)現(xiàn)2例患者患側(cè)出現(xiàn)急性腦卒中,其余患者未發(fā)生急性腦血管事件,可能與藥物干預(yù)或隨訪時(shí)間較短有關(guān),但顯著的灌注貧乏狀態(tài)提高了梗死發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
綜上所述,3D-pCASL是一種無(wú)創(chuàng)性灌注成像方法,能夠真實(shí)反映腦動(dòng)脈次全閉塞后組織缺血灌注水平,癥狀性患者較無(wú)癥狀性患者CBF減低,PLD=1.5 s較PLD=2.5 s更為敏感,PLD=2.5 s更能真實(shí)的反映組織灌注狀態(tài),可為臨床診斷及療效評(píng)估提供個(gè)體量化依據(jù)。同時(shí)本研究也存在一定局限性,樣本量相對(duì)較少,可能存在一定的抽樣誤差。ROI采用手動(dòng)勾畫(huà),存在主觀誤差。另外本研究應(yīng)用3D-pCASL技術(shù)只有一種評(píng)估參數(shù),變量相對(duì)單一,可能存在偏倚,下一步計(jì)劃增加SWI信號(hào)值進(jìn)一步對(duì)MCA狹窄或次全閉塞進(jìn)行綜合性分析以提高影像診斷準(zhǔn)確性。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-04) (本文編輯:張爽)
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2020年23期