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三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)鑒定及其對(duì)蛋殼品質(zhì)的影響

2020-11-09 03:09李杰章譚光輝吳磊覃媛鈺張依裕
關(guān)鍵詞:關(guān)聯(lián)性

李杰章 譚光輝 吳磊 覃媛鈺 張依裕

摘要:【目的】明確IP3R3對(duì)蛋殼性狀的效應(yīng)機(jī)制及其在蛋殼品質(zhì)改良中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,為開展蛋殼品質(zhì)改良分子標(biāo)記育種提供參考依據(jù),也為深入研究IP3R3基因的生物學(xué)功能打下基礎(chǔ)?!痉椒ā恳?88羽三穗鴨為研究對(duì)象,收集45周齡母鴨生產(chǎn)的鴨蛋,測(cè)定蛋重、蛋形指數(shù)、蛋殼厚度、蛋殼強(qiáng)度和蛋殼重;采用DNA直接測(cè)序法對(duì)三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行鑒定,使用SHEsis進(jìn)行單倍型及連鎖不平衡分析,通過RNAfold預(yù)測(cè)不同單倍型的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和自由能,并以SPSS 18.0中的一般線性模型(GLM)對(duì)三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)與蛋殼品質(zhì)進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析?!窘Y(jié)果】在三穗鴨IP3R3基因外顯子上發(fā)現(xiàn)2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),分別位于第49外顯子的g.35195T>C和g.35207G>A,均屬于同義突變,且均存在3種基因型,對(duì)應(yīng)的多肽信息含量(PIC)分別為0.330和0.276,屬于中度多態(tài)位點(diǎn)(0.25C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(χ2-HWE<5.991),但2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)間不存在強(qiáng)的連鎖不平衡(D?為1.000,γ2為0.111)。2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合可構(gòu)建3種單倍型和6種雙倍型,優(yōu)勢(shì)單倍型H3(TG)的頻率為0.495,劣勢(shì)單倍型H2(TA)的頻率為0.208;單倍型H1、H2和H3的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最小自由能分別為-475.50、 -476.50和-476.10 kJ/mol,表明2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的突變能引起基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和自由能改變。g.35195T>C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)對(duì)三穗鴨蛋殼厚度、蛋殼強(qiáng)度、蛋形指數(shù)、蛋重和蛋殼重的影響均未達(dá)顯著水平(P>0.05,下同);雙倍型H1H1個(gè)體的蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著高于其他雙倍型個(gè)體(P<0.05,下同),雙倍型H2H2個(gè)體的蛋形指數(shù)顯著低于其他雙倍型個(gè)體,其他雙倍型個(gè)體間均無顯著差異?!窘Y(jié)論】三穗鴨IP3R3基因與蛋殼品質(zhì)有一定關(guān)聯(lián)性。在三穗鴨IP3R3基因外顯子上發(fā)現(xiàn)的2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)能引起基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和自由能改變,其構(gòu)建的雙倍型可作為主效候選基因或與主基因緊密連鎖的分子標(biāo)記用于鴨蛋殼品質(zhì)改良。

關(guān)鍵詞: 三穗鴨;IP3R3基因;SNP位點(diǎn);蛋殼品質(zhì);關(guān)聯(lián)性

中圖分類號(hào): S834.89 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A 文章編號(hào):2095-1191(2020)07-1729-08

Abstract:【Objective】To clarify the effect mechanism of IP3R3 on eggshell traits and its application value in eggshell quality improvement, provide reference basis for molecular marker breeding of eggshell quality improvement and lay a foundation for further research on the biological function of IP3R3 gene. 【Method】Taking 288 Sansui ducks as the research object, duck eggs produced by 45-week old female ducks were collected, and egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength and eggshell weight were measured. The SNP sites of Sansui duck IP3R3 gene were identified by DNA direct sequencing, and haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analysis were performed by SHEsis. The secondary structure and free energy of different haplotypes mRNA were predicted by RNAfold, and the correlation analysis between SNP sites of Sansui duck IP3R3 gene and eggshell quality was conducted by general linear model(GLM) in SPSS 18.0. 【Result】Two SNPs sites were found on the IP3R3 exon of Sansui duck, respectively located at g.35195T>C and g.35207G>A of exon 49, both of which were synonymous mutations, and there were three genotypes. The corresponding polypeptide information contents(PIC) were 0.330 and 0.276, respectively, belonging to moderate polymorphism sites (0.25C and g.35207 G>A loci were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(χ2-HWE<5.991), but there was no strong linkage imbalance between the two SNPs loci(D?=1.000,γ2=0.111). Three haplotypes and six diplotypes were constructed by the combination of two SNPs loci, the frequencies of dominant haplotype H3 (TG) and inferior haplotype H2 (TA) were 0.495 and 0.208, respectively, and the minimum free energies of mRNA secondary structure of haplotypes H1, H2 and H3 were -475.50, -476.50 and -476.10 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that mutations at two SNPs sites could cause changes in the secondary structure and free energy of mRNA. The effects of g.35195T>C and g.35207G>A loci on Sansui duck eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg shape index, egg weight and eggshell weight did not reach a significant level(P>0.05, the same below), the eggshell strength of diplotype H1H1 individuals was significantly higher than that of other diplotype individuals(P<0.05, the same below), and the egg shape index of diplotype H2H2 individuals was significantly lower than that of other diplotype individuals, but there was no significant difference among other diplotype individuals. 【Conclusion】There is a certain correlation between IP3R3 gene and eggshell quality in Sansui duck. Two SNPs loci found in the exon of IP3R3 gene in Sansui duck can cause changes in the secondary structure and free energy of mRNA gene. The diplotype constructed by this locus can be used as major candidate genes or molecular markers closely linked to major genes in duck eggshell quality improvement.

Key words: Sansui duck; IP3R3 gene; SNP locus; eggshell quality; correlation

Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760663); Guizhou Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Subsidy Project(QKHPTRC〔2017〕5788); Guizhou Province Thousand-level Innovative Ta-lents Project(701030174401)

0 引言

【研究意義】我國(guó)是典型的農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),畜禽養(yǎng)殖在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占據(jù)重要地位,而家禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)又是畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要組成部分。禽蛋是人類重要的食品之一,由蛋殼、蛋黃、蛋白和蛋系帶等部分組成,其中蛋殼是抵御外界物理損傷和微生物侵染的重要屏障;但在養(yǎng)殖過程中常出現(xiàn)大量的軟殼蛋,嚴(yán)重影響禽蛋品質(zhì),且在運(yùn)輸和保存過程中易造成較大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,直接影響?zhàn)B殖經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(張佳蘭等,2008;Dunn et al.,2009)。因此,如何有效提高蛋殼品質(zhì)已成為當(dāng)前家禽育種的焦點(diǎn),通常在育種方案中將分子標(biāo)記育種與蛋殼品質(zhì)選擇相結(jié)合,以期進(jìn)一步改善蛋殼品質(zhì)?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇(Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate,IP3)受體(IP3R)是四聚體細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣離子(Ca2+)釋放通道家族,幾乎位于所有哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞類型的肌質(zhì)網(wǎng)膜上,包括平滑肌細(xì)胞(Smooth muscle cells,SMC),其主要定位于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)(Endoplasmic reticulum,ER),在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的Ca2+釋放通道中普遍表達(dá),且通過開放響應(yīng)IP3和Ca2+結(jié)合以調(diào)控Ca2+從細(xì)胞器中釋放出來(Soulsby and Wojcikiewicz,2005;Narayanan et al.,2012)。在鳥類和哺乳動(dòng)物中存在3種IP3R亞型(IP3R1、IP3R2和IP3R3),三者在其一級(jí)序列中具有高度的相似性,同源性達(dá)70%~80%(Chaloux et al.,2007)。盡管3種IP3R亞型的結(jié)構(gòu)高度相似性,但其編碼基因(IP3R1、IP3R2和IP3R3)的表達(dá)模式存在明顯差異(Yamamoto-Hino et al.,1994;Wojcikiewicz,1995;Taylor et al.,1999),且在各種細(xì)胞類型中的表達(dá)程度也不同。IP3R1基因在神經(jīng)元中高度表達(dá);IP3R2基因主要在心肌和肝細(xì)胞中高度表達(dá);IP3R3基因主要在快速增殖的細(xì)胞中表達(dá),如上皮細(xì)胞(Kuchay et al.,2017)。IP3R3基因表達(dá)多種腫瘤壞死因子并調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲和增殖(Sakakura et al.,2003;Kang et al.,2017),可通過促進(jìn)IP3R3和Ca2+介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡,而抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)(Kang et al.,2010);也可通過調(diào)節(jié)Ca2+以降低乳腺癌細(xì)胞的遷移能力(Mound et al.,2017)。此外,IP3R3基因表達(dá)與細(xì)胞的圓度指數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān),其沉默可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞骨架重組,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞周徑變小,細(xì)胞黏附性降低;IP3R3基因沉默還顯示出振蕩的Ca2+濃度特征,在細(xì)胞骨架早期修復(fù)中發(fā)生主要的振蕩特征(Furukawa et al.,2003;Morikawa et al.,2008;Tsai et al.,2015)。已有研究證實(shí),雞子宮上皮細(xì)胞中有IP3R3基因表達(dá)(Jonchère et al.,2010;Brionne et al.,2014),其子宮內(nèi)膜鈣化可增加IP3R3基因的表達(dá)水平,且明顯高于同樣具有活性鈣代謝的腦膜和十二指腸,揭示IP3R3對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞中的Ca2+轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)具有重要調(diào)節(jié)作用,具體表現(xiàn)為促進(jìn)蛋殼鈣化(Rodríquez-Navarro et al.,2015)。生物礦化是一種鈣化,是通過Ca2+與碳酸根離子(CO32?)的共沉淀形成蛋殼。蛋殼礦化的先決條件是通過跨細(xì)胞運(yùn)輸在有限的細(xì)胞外環(huán)境中供應(yīng)大量Ca2+,因此需要離子通道、離子泵和離子交換劑的存在及活化(Jonchére et al.,2012;Nys and Roy,2018)。子宮是為蛋殼形成提供最快礦化的主要部位,Ca是蛋殼鈣化過程中的必需元素,且不斷從血液供應(yīng)到子宮液中以抵抗?jié)舛忍荻龋∟ys et al.,2004)。Ca2+轉(zhuǎn)移到子宮液中涉及IP3R3或其他Ca2+通道進(jìn)入蛋殼腺細(xì)胞,其中,鈣結(jié)合蛋白-D28k(CALB1)作用于細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),而Na+/Ca2+或Ca2+/H+交換確保Ca2+輸出(Bahadoran et al.,2018)。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)IP3R3的研究主要集中在信號(hào)通路及其對(duì)Ca2+促細(xì)胞凋亡轉(zhuǎn)移抗癌等方面,IP3R主要參與Ca2+釋放,尤其是IP3R3對(duì)動(dòng)物機(jī)體Ca2+的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)具有重要調(diào)控作用,但至今在家禽上鮮有研究報(bào)道?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問題】以三穗鴨為研究對(duì)象,采用DNA直接測(cè)序法對(duì)IP3R3基因的SNP位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行鑒定,并分析其與蛋殼品質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)性,明確IP3R3對(duì)蛋殼性狀的效應(yīng)機(jī)制及其在蛋殼品質(zhì)改良中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,為開展蛋殼品質(zhì)改良分子標(biāo)記育種提供參考依據(jù),也為深入研究IP3R3基因的生物學(xué)功能打下基礎(chǔ)。

1 材料與方法

1. 1 試驗(yàn)材料

隨機(jī)選擇飼養(yǎng)于貴州大學(xué)家禽研究所且同日出雛、健康無病、相同飼養(yǎng)管理?xiàng)l件下的三穗鴨288羽,于90日齡時(shí)翅靜脈采血0.2~0.5 mL,采用血液/組織/細(xì)胞基因組提取試劑盒[DP304,天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]提取基因組DNA,以1.2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳和NanoDrop2000 DNA濃度測(cè)定儀(美國(guó)Thermo Scientific公司)聯(lián)合評(píng)估DNA提取質(zhì)量,稀釋成100 ng/μL后保存?zhèn)溆?。收?5周齡母鴨生產(chǎn)的鴨蛋,測(cè)定蛋重、蛋形指數(shù)、蛋殼厚度、蛋殼強(qiáng)度和蛋殼重共5個(gè)指標(biāo)。

1. 2 引物設(shè)計(jì)及PCR擴(kuò)增

根據(jù)GenBank收錄的鴨基因組(NC_040072.1)序列信息,利用Primer 3.0(http://primer3.ut.ee/)設(shè)計(jì)5對(duì)特異性擴(kuò)增引物,引物信息見表1。PCR反應(yīng)體系20.0 μL:DNA模板1.0 μL,2×Es Taq MasterMix 10.0 μL,上、下游引物(10 pmol/μL)各1.0 μL,ddH2O 7.0 μL。擴(kuò)增程序:95 ℃預(yù)變性8 min;95 ℃ 50 s,退火40 s,72 ℃ 50 s,進(jìn)行35個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃延伸6 min。

1. 3 三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)鑒定

對(duì)288羽三穗鴨的IP3R3基因擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行純化,然后送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司直接測(cè)序,分別采用DNAMAN和Chromas 2.4.1進(jìn)行SNP位點(diǎn)篩查及鑒定。

1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

使用Excel 2016計(jì)算三穗鴨IP3R3基因各SNP位點(diǎn)的基因型頻率、等位基因頻率、觀測(cè)雜合度(Ho)、有效等位基因數(shù)(Ne)、期望雜合度(He)和多態(tài)信息含量(PIC),并進(jìn)行Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律檢驗(yàn);采用SHEsis(http://analysis.bio-x.cn/)進(jìn)行單倍型及連鎖不平衡分析;利用ORF Finder進(jìn)行氨基酸翻譯,通過RNAfold(http://rna.tbi.univie.ac.at/cgi-bin/RNAWebSuite/RNAfold.cgi)預(yù)測(cè)不同單倍型的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和自由能;以SPSS 18.0中的一般線性模型(GLM)完成三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)基因型與蛋殼表型數(shù)據(jù)的關(guān)聯(lián)分析。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2. 1 SNP位點(diǎn)篩選及鑒定結(jié)果

利用設(shè)計(jì)的5對(duì)特異性引物對(duì)三穗鴨IP3R3基因進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,每個(gè)樣品均單獨(dú)直接測(cè)序和序列比對(duì)分析,結(jié)果如圖1所示。在三穗鴨IP3R3基因外顯子上發(fā)現(xiàn)2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),分別位于第49外顯子的g.35195T>C和g.35207G>A,且均未引起編碼氨基酸發(fā)生改變,屬于同義突變。

2. 2 SNP位點(diǎn)群體遺傳信息分析結(jié)果

通過對(duì)三穗鴨IP3R3基因的2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行群體遺傳信息分析,結(jié)果(表2)發(fā)現(xiàn)2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)在三穗鴨群體中均存在3種基因型。g.35195T>C位點(diǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)基因型為TT,其頻率為0.490;g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)基因型為GG,其頻率為0.625。g.35195T>C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因分別為T和G,其頻率分別是0.703和0.792,對(duì)應(yīng)的PIC分別為0.330和0.276,均屬于中度多態(tài)位點(diǎn)(0.25C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(χ2-HWE<5.991)。

2. 3 三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)連鎖不平衡及倍型分析結(jié)果

利用SHEsis分析三穗鴨IP3R3基因2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的連鎖不平衡,結(jié)果顯示,g.35195T>C位點(diǎn)與g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)間的D?和γ2分別為1.000和0.111,表明2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)間不存在強(qiáng)的連鎖不平衡(D>0.750,γ2<0.330)。2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合共產(chǎn)生3種單倍型(H1、H2和H3),其中,優(yōu)勢(shì)單倍型H3(TG)的頻率為0.495,劣勢(shì)單倍型H2(TA)的頻率為0.208(表3)。對(duì)3種單倍型進(jìn)行組合共得到6種雙倍型(H1H1、H1H2、H1H3、H2H2、H2H3和H3H3),其中,優(yōu)勢(shì)雙倍型H1H3(CTGG)的頻率為0.333,劣勢(shì)雙倍型H2H2(TTAA)的頻率為0.031(表3)。

2. 4 三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)對(duì)mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響

采用RNAfold對(duì)所構(gòu)建的3種單倍型mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)分析,結(jié)果(圖2)顯示,3種單倍型的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)存在一定差異(圓圈部分),對(duì)應(yīng)的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最小自由能也不同,其中,單倍型H1的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最小自由能為-475.50 kJ/mol,單倍型H2的為-476.50 kJ/mol,單倍型H3的為-476.10 kJ/mol,說明在三穗鴨IP3R3基因外顯子上發(fā)現(xiàn)的2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)突變能引起基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和自由能改變。

2. 5 三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)基因型與蛋殼品質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果

利用SPSS 18.0分析三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)各基因型與蛋殼品質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)性,結(jié)果(表4)顯示,g.35195T>C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)對(duì)三穗鴨蛋殼厚度、蛋殼強(qiáng)度、蛋形指數(shù)、蛋重和蛋殼重的影響均未達(dá)顯著水平(P>0.05,下同),說明IP3R3基因單個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)對(duì)三穗鴨蛋殼品質(zhì)無顯著影響。

2. 6 三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)雙倍型與蛋殼品質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果

三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)雙倍型與三穗鴨蛋殼品質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果(表5)表明,雙倍型H1H1個(gè)體的蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著高于其他雙倍型個(gè)體(P<0.05,下同),雙倍型H2H2個(gè)體的蛋形指數(shù)顯著低于其他雙倍型個(gè)體,其他雙倍型個(gè)體間均無顯著差異。

3 討論

IP3R是細(xì)胞內(nèi)Ca2+釋放通道家族,近年來人們對(duì)該受體的研究主要集中在調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)通路上,而鮮見IP3R基因多態(tài)性對(duì)禽類生產(chǎn)性能影響的研究報(bào)道。本研究通過對(duì)PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物直接測(cè)序,發(fā)現(xiàn)在三穗鴨IP3R3基因外顯子上存在2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn),其群體遺傳信息分析結(jié)果顯示,g.35195T>C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)均處于中度多態(tài)(0.25C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡狀態(tài),表明其未受到選擇、遺傳及突變等影響,也可能是三穗鴨群體在長(zhǎng)期人工選擇及大規(guī)模繁育后又重新處于一種新的平衡狀態(tài),且尚未與其他種群發(fā)生基因交流(Goliásová and Wolf,2004)。

本研究通過對(duì)三穗鴨IP3R3基因的2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)均為同義突變,不影響編碼氨基酸改變。編碼區(qū)的同義突變會(huì)影響該基因的表達(dá)功能,進(jìn)而影響個(gè)體間的表現(xiàn)型(Ren et al.,2014)。Komar(2007)研究報(bào)道,天然存在的SNP位點(diǎn)可導(dǎo)致編碼相同氨基酸的核苷酸序列在合成蛋白產(chǎn)物時(shí),其功能和結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,可能是SNP位點(diǎn)對(duì)可變剪接調(diào)控進(jìn)而干擾其生物學(xué)功能(Kelemen et al.,2013)。也有研究表明,MDR1基因中的同義突變導(dǎo)致底物特異性改變(Kimchi-Sarfaty et al.,2007),而山羊POU1F1基因的同義突變與其產(chǎn)奶量和出生體重有關(guān)(Lan et al.,2007)。說明同義突變也是相關(guān)研究中不能忽略的突變,因此非常有必要明確IP3R3基因同義突變與蛋殼品質(zhì)間的關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)制。本研究通過對(duì)三穗鴨IP3R3基因2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行連鎖不平衡分析,結(jié)果表明,g.35195T>C位點(diǎn)與g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)間的D為1.000、γ2為0.111,兩者間不存在強(qiáng)的連鎖不平衡。2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合共構(gòu)建獲得3種單倍型,其中,優(yōu)勢(shì)單倍型H3(TG)的頻率為0.495,劣勢(shì)單倍型H2(TA)的頻率為0.208。在疾病遺傳和性狀分析研究中,基因?qū)π誀畹挠绊懕憩F(xiàn)為單倍型共同作用可能比單個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)的作用更大(Akey et al.,2001),說明單倍型可在選育過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。采用RNAfold對(duì)所構(gòu)建的3種單倍型mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)單倍型H1的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最小自由能最大,為-475.50 kJ/mol,即單倍型H1的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性最低;單倍型H2的mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最小自由能最?。?476.50 kJ/mol),說明其mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)最穩(wěn)定。2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)的改變均對(duì)mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生一定影響,且有可能影響各細(xì)胞內(nèi)的細(xì)胞因子,通過影響IP3R3通路對(duì)Ca2+的釋放而影響蛋殼形成。

蛋殼基質(zhì)蛋白基因的多態(tài)性被認(rèn)為與蛋殼強(qiáng)度和蛋殼厚度有關(guān)(Dunn et al.,2009),也有研究證實(shí)雞子宮上皮細(xì)胞中有IP3R3存在(Jonchère et al.,2010;Brionne et al.,2014)。為此,本研究利用SPSS 18.0分析三穗鴨IP3R3基因SNP位點(diǎn)各基因型與蛋殼品質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)g.35195T>C和g.35207G>A位點(diǎn)對(duì)三穗鴨蛋殼厚度、蛋殼強(qiáng)度、蛋形指數(shù)、蛋重和蛋殼重的影響均未達(dá)顯著水平。光照強(qiáng)度可影響蛋殼厚度,且較長(zhǎng)光照時(shí)間可導(dǎo)致較早的性成熟(Lewis et al.,1999,2010)。母雞隨著年齡的增加其產(chǎn)蛋率下降,且軟殼蛋和破裂蛋的發(fā)生率顯著增加,卵殼鈣化不良似乎是由于卵殼腺的某些功能障礙所致,還可能與IP3R3基因調(diào)節(jié)的Ca2+分泌有關(guān)(Joyner et al.,1987)。光照刺激主要通過視覺和激素調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)來發(fā)揮作用,其相關(guān)基因則可能影響鴨的性成熟或激素分泌,進(jìn)一步通過IP3R3調(diào)控Ca2+對(duì)蛋殼品質(zhì)的影響,本研究選取45周齡(產(chǎn)蛋高峰期)的三穗鴨,說明蛋殼品質(zhì)與年齡無關(guān)。此外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)共同聯(lián)合引起的基因結(jié)構(gòu)變化強(qiáng)于單個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)對(duì)基因結(jié)構(gòu)變化的影響,其對(duì)蛋殼品質(zhì)的調(diào)控作用可能更有效;同時(shí)對(duì)2種單倍型進(jìn)行組合共獲得6種雙倍型,經(jīng)關(guān)聯(lián)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)雙倍型H1H1個(gè)體的蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著高于其他雙倍型個(gè)體,而雙倍型H2H2個(gè)體的蛋形指數(shù)顯著低于其他雙倍型個(gè)體,其他雙倍型個(gè)體間均無顯著差異。通過對(duì)雙倍型的關(guān)聯(lián)分析可降低單個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)受環(huán)境、其他SNP位點(diǎn)及其他相關(guān)微效基因的影響,也充分說明采用雙倍型關(guān)聯(lián)分析在評(píng)估品種和種群遺傳改良時(shí)更準(zhǔn)確(李天科等,2015)。蛋殼品質(zhì)性狀受多種基因調(diào)控,除基因遺傳外,還受溫度、光照和日齡等相關(guān)因素的影響(張亞男,2017;劉聰?shù)龋?019;譚光輝等,2019)。因此,今后應(yīng)從蛋白組和轉(zhuǎn)錄組等水平進(jìn)行深入挖掘,提供更有育種價(jià)值的SNP位點(diǎn)或單倍型,以推動(dòng)家禽育種發(fā)展。

4 結(jié)論

三穗鴨IP3R3基因與蛋殼品質(zhì)有一定關(guān)聯(lián)性。在三穗鴨IP3R3基因外顯子上發(fā)現(xiàn)的2個(gè)SNPs位點(diǎn)能引起基因mRNA二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)和自由能改變,其構(gòu)建的雙倍型可作為主效候選基因或與主基因緊密連鎖的分子標(biāo)記用于鴨蛋殼品質(zhì)改良。

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(責(zé)任編輯 蘭宗寶)

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