梁奎 王曉榮 宋濤
[摘要] 目的 探討二維剪切波彈性成像(2D-SWE)在頸部不同病理類型淋巴結(jié)鑒別診斷中的價(jià)值。 方法 選取2017年10月—2019年5月新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院101例共145個(gè)頸部腫大淋巴結(jié)的患者,對(duì)其行常規(guī)超聲及2D-SWE檢查,將其按淋巴結(jié)病理或隨訪6個(gè)月后的結(jié)果進(jìn)行分組,將淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核、淋巴瘤、轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)作為病例組(92個(gè)),反應(yīng)性增生淋巴結(jié)作為對(duì)照組(53個(gè))。通過(guò)二元logistic回歸篩選出對(duì)病例組和對(duì)照組鑒別價(jià)值較高的彈性參數(shù),并通過(guò)該參數(shù)在各組間的比較及ROC曲線確定診斷界值。 結(jié)果 二元logistic回歸顯示淋巴結(jié)血流類型、內(nèi)部回聲及2D-SWE參數(shù)Emax在病例組和對(duì)照組間鑒別診斷價(jià)值較高。各組間比較顯示淋巴瘤、淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核、轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)的Emax值均高于反應(yīng)性增生淋巴結(jié)(均P < 0.01),且逐級(jí)增高。鑒別淋巴瘤與反應(yīng)性增生淋巴結(jié)Emax界值為30.0 kPa(P < 0.01),AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.783、78.57%、67.92%,鑒別淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核與淋巴瘤Emax界值為47.53 kPa(P < 0.01),AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.856、71.43%、91.30%,轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)Emax值與淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 頸部不同病理類型淋巴結(jié)的硬度值存在差異,2D-SWE參數(shù)Emax是反映這一硬度差異的首選彈性參數(shù),可作為頸部淋巴結(jié)疾病超聲鑒別診斷的重要補(bǔ)充指標(biāo)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 頸部淋巴結(jié);病理類型;鑒別診斷;二維剪切波彈性成像
[中圖分類號(hào)] R445.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)09(a)-0029-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis value of two dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in different pathological types of cervical lymph nodes. Methods A total of 101 patients with 145 enlarged cervical lymph nodes from October 2017 to May 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected, and they underwent routine ultrasound and 2D-SWE examination. They were grouped according to lymph node pathology or results after six months of follow-up. Nodal tuberculosis, lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes were selected as the case group (92 cases) and reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes as the control group (53 cases). Binary logistic regression was used to screen the elastic parameter with high differential value between the case group and the control group, and the diagnostic boundary value was determined by the comparison of this parameter between the groups and the ROC curve. Results Binary logistic regression showed that lymph node blood flow type, internal echo and 2D-SWE parameter Emax had higher differential diagnostic value between the case group and the control group. The Emax values of lymphomas, nodal tuberculosis and metastatic lymph nodes were higher than those of reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes (all P < 0.01) and increased step by step. The Emax boundary value of lymphomas and reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes was 30.0 kPa (P < 0.01), and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.783, 78.57% and 67.92%, respectively. The Emax boundary value of nodal tuberculosis and lymphoma was 47.53 kPa (P < 0.01), and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.856, 71.43% and 91.30%, respectively. There was no significant difference in Emax value between reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes and nodal tuberculosis (P > 0.05). Conclusion The 2D-SWE parameter Emax is the preferred elastic parameter to reflect the difference in hardness of cervical lymph nodes of different pathological types, which can be used as an important supplementary indicator for the ultrasonic differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node diseases.
轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)在四種病理類型中硬度最高,與癌細(xì)胞侵蝕,淋巴結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)被破壞,纖維組織增生及壞死物沉積有關(guān)[17-21]。轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結(jié)Emax值與淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),對(duì)二者的鑒別仍需要結(jié)合臨床及超聲特征綜合判斷[22-24]。
有研究[25-27]采用Q-Trace描記出淋巴結(jié)最大截面進(jìn)行測(cè)量,描記法對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)淋巴結(jié)局灶性轉(zhuǎn)移可能更具優(yōu)勢(shì),但會(huì)將淋巴結(jié)內(nèi)鈣化灶和液化壞死區(qū)包含在內(nèi),由于剪切波不能在液體中傳播,彈性圖上液化壞死區(qū)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)大片“空洞”區(qū),影響圖像質(zhì)量及測(cè)量,而鈣化灶會(huì)使測(cè)量結(jié)果高于淋巴結(jié)的真實(shí)硬度。因此選擇避開鈣化灶和液化壞死區(qū)的感興趣區(qū),使用Q-Box法測(cè)量,結(jié)果可信度更高。
本研究局限性有:①樣本量較小,未按淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核分型和轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)腫瘤組織學(xué)類型進(jìn)行亞組分析[28];②頸部固有曲率導(dǎo)致彈性圖容易出現(xiàn)偽影,頸動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)可能會(huì)帶動(dòng)周圍組織振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生橫波,這些因素都可能影響測(cè)值準(zhǔn)確性[29]。
綜上所述,頸部不同病理類型淋巴結(jié)硬度存在差異,2D-SWE參數(shù)Emax是反映這一硬度差異的首選彈性參數(shù),可作為頸部淋巴結(jié)疾病超聲鑒別診斷的重要補(bǔ)充指標(biāo)。
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(收稿日期:2020-05-13)