施昌魏

美國科普作家卡爾·薩根說過，每個人在他們幼年的時候都是科學(xué)家，因為每個孩子都和科學(xué)家一樣，對自然界的奇觀滿懷好奇和敬畏。傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)課堂，教學(xué)時空固化，學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容窄化，學(xué)習(xí)方式單一，難以滿足學(xué)生的好奇心和求知欲。針對這些問題，溫州市區(qū)域推進(jìn)小學(xué)生“科學(xué)部落格”實踐。

科學(xué)部落格，是一種“線上+線下”的“混合”學(xué)習(xí)，它將在線學(xué)習(xí)和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)的優(yōu)勢結(jié)合，學(xué)生帶著自己的問題進(jìn)行課外科學(xué)觀察實驗活動，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺發(fā)布自己的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究成果，并與他人開展基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研討與交流，促進(jìn)觀察研究活動不斷深入?？茖W(xué)部落格，倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生不做知識的搬運工，而是做知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)者和探索者，重建了學(xué)生對“知識”的理解，打開了學(xué)生“認(rèn)識學(xué)習(xí)之門”，為未知而學(xué)，為未來而學(xué)。

科學(xué)部落格先行探索培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的核心素養(yǎng)。學(xué)生發(fā)展核心素養(yǎng)，指學(xué)生應(yīng)具備的、能夠適應(yīng)終身發(fā)展和社會發(fā)展需要的必備品格和關(guān)鍵能力?！爸袊鴮W(xué)生發(fā)展核心素養(yǎng)”以培養(yǎng)“全面發(fā)展的人”為核心，分為文化基礎(chǔ)、自主發(fā)展、社會參與3個方面，綜合表現(xiàn)為人文底蘊(yùn)、科學(xué)精神、學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)、健康生活、責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)、實踐創(chuàng)新等六大素養(yǎng)。核心素養(yǎng)最終需要在具體教育教學(xué)實踐中落地。科學(xué)部落格的實踐就聚焦了“學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)”“科學(xué)精神”“實踐創(chuàng)新”等，有助于建構(gòu)課程育人的專業(yè)話語，體現(xiàn)了每一位教育人為學(xué)校課程共同解決同類問題所提供的“區(qū)域方案”和“學(xué)科方案”。

科學(xué)部落格是跨學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)方式的先行探索?？茖W(xué)部落格是一種以項目學(xué)習(xí)、問題解決為導(dǎo)向的課程組織方式，它將科學(xué)（探究）、文學(xué)（寫作）、技術(shù)（信息運用）、數(shù)學(xué)（數(shù)據(jù)分析）等有機(jī)地融為一體，學(xué)生以某一真實情境下的問題開展學(xué)習(xí)，運用科學(xué)知識進(jìn)行探究，使用數(shù)學(xué)知識進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，將研究過程和成果以文字形式記錄，再利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)工具進(jìn)行文件上傳、網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動、溝通交流等，形成基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的線上學(xué)習(xí)共同體，促進(jìn)知識的傳播和共享，有利于學(xué)生綜合分析問題、解決問題能力、創(chuàng)新實踐能力的培養(yǎng)。

科學(xué)部落格是信息技術(shù)與科學(xué)教育的融合。教育部科技司司長雷朝滋指出，教育信息化2.0時代需要發(fā)展基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的教育服務(wù)新模式，整合線上線下資源，為各級各類教育和終身學(xué)習(xí)提供豐富的教育資源。信息技術(shù)與教育教學(xué)的融合，其核心不是用技術(shù)去強(qiáng)化傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)，而是運用信息技術(shù)改變原有的教育教學(xué)過程與模式，實現(xiàn)教學(xué)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。科學(xué)部落格就是“用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新教學(xué)”的一種創(chuàng)新實踐，讓學(xué)生通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺（QQ空間、博客、校園網(wǎng)等）發(fā)布自己的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究成果，整合線上線下資源，借助信息技術(shù)幫助學(xué)生提高發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題的能力，增長學(xué)生的智慧，提升學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。

科學(xué)部落格是探究式科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的創(chuàng)新實踐。在科學(xué)部落格活動中，學(xué)生不僅是知識的主動獲取者，也是情境的主動創(chuàng)設(shè)者。認(rèn)知情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)不再是教師來主導(dǎo)，而是學(xué)生通過社會和自然環(huán)境等場域主動創(chuàng)造個性化的學(xué)習(xí)情境。在這樣的情境中，學(xué)生以科學(xué)觀察和實驗為主要方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)以證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)信息分析和邏輯推理，強(qiáng)調(diào)基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺公開研究結(jié)論，強(qiáng)調(diào)與他人開展基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研討與交流，強(qiáng)調(diào)項目的不斷更新和深入?？茖W(xué)部落格是新課標(biāo)背景下學(xué)生科學(xué)探究式學(xué)習(xí)的一種重要范式。

Science Blog Advocates Learning for the Future

SHI Changwei

中圖分類號：G424文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：ADOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.24.004

SHI Changwei

Director of the Teaching and Research Office of Primary School （Preschool） of Wenzhou Education and Teach‐ing Research Institute， Zhejiang Province

Member of Zhejiang Basic Education Curriculum Reform Professional Steering Committee

Member of Expert Group of Zhejiang STEM Education Collaborative Innovation Center

CarlSagan，anAmericansciencewriter，said that everyone was a scientist when they were young， because every child， like scientists， was full of curios？ ity and awe about the wonders of nature. The tradi？ tionalscienceclassroom，withfixedteachingtime and space， narrow learning content and single learn？ ing method， is difficult to meet students’ curiosity and thirst for knowledge. In view of these problems， Wenzhouregionpromotesthepracticeof"Science Blog" for primary school students.

Science Blog is a "hybrid" learning of "Online+ offline". It combines the advantages of online learn？ ing and traditional teaching. Students carry out extra？ curricular scientific observation and experimental ac？ tivities with their own problems， publish their own ob？ servationfindingsandresearchresultsthroughthe network platform， and carry out network-based discus？ sion and exchange with others to promote the deepen？ ingofobservationandresearchactivities.Science Blog advocates students not to be knowledge porters， but to be knowledge discoverers and explorers， recon？ structs students’ understanding of "knowledge"， opens students’ "door to understanding and learning"， and learns for the unknown and for the future.

ScienceBlogfirst exploresandcultivatesstu？ dents’ core literacy. The core quality of students’ de？ velopment refers to the necessary character and key ability that students should have and can meet the needs of lifelong development and social development“The "core quality of Chinese students’ develop？ ment" focuses on cultivating "people with all-round development"，whichisdividedintothreeaspects： cultural foundation， independent development and so？ cial participation. It is comprehensively reflected in sixelements：HumanisticHeritage，scientificspirit， learning to learn， healthy life， responsibility and prac？ tical innovation. Finally， core literacy needs to be im？ plemented in specific education and teaching prac？ tice. The practice of Science Blog focuses on "learn？ ing to learn"， "scientific spirit" and "practical innova？ tion"， which helps to construct the professional dis？ course of curriculum education， and reflects the "re？ gional scheme" and "discipline scheme" provided by eacheducatorfortheschoolcurriculumtojointly solve similar problems.

Science Blog is the first exploration of interdisci plinarylearning.ScienceBlogisaproject-based learning and problem-solving oriented curriculum or？ ganization. It organically integrates science （inquiry）， literature （writing）， technology （information application） and Mathematics （data analysis）. Students study with problems in a real situation， explore with scientific knowledge and analyze data with mathematical knowl？ edge， Record the research process and results in writ？ ten form， and then use network technology tools for fileupload， networkinteractionandcommunication， so as to form an internet-based online learning com？ munity and promote the dissemination and sharing of knowledge， which is conducive to the cultivation of students’comprehensiveproblemanalysis，problemsolving ability and innovative practice ability.

ScienceBlogistheintegrationofinformation technology and science education. Lei Chaozi， direc？ tor of the science and Technology Department of the Ministry of education， pointed out that the education informatization 2.0 era needs to develop a new model of education services based on the Internet， integrate online and offline resources， and provide rich educa？ tional resources for all kinds of education and life？ long learning at all levels. The core of the integra？ tionofinformationtechnologyandeducationand teaching is not to use technology to strengthen tradi？ tional teaching， but to use information technology to change the original education and teaching process and mode and realize the transformation of teaching methods. Science Blog is an innovative practice of"innovativeteachingwithtechnology"， whichallows students to publish their observations and research re？ sults through network platforms （QQ space， blog， cam？ pus network， etc.）， integrate online and offline resourc？ es， help students improve their ability to find and solve problems， increase their wisdom and enhance their interest in learning with the help of information technology.

Science Blog is an innovative practice of inquiry science learning. In Science Blog activities， students are not only the active acquisition of knowledge， but also the active creator of situation. The creation of cognitive situation is no longer dominated by teach？ ers， but students actively create personalized learning situation through social and natural environment. In such a situation， students take scientific observation and experiment as the main methods， emphasize evi？ dence-based， information analysis and logical reason？ ing， open research conclusions based on network plat？ form， carry out network-based discussion and commu？ nication with others， and constantly update and deep？ en the project. Science Blog is an important para？ digmofstudents’scientificinquirylearningunder the background of the new curriculum standard.