劉琛姝
【摘要】 目的:探討血清CA125和鐵蛋白聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)上皮性卵巢癌的診斷價(jià)值。方法:選取2015年1月-2019年8月來本院就診的30例上皮性卵巢癌患者為A組,30例卵巢良性病變患者為B組,30例同期健康體檢者為對(duì)照組。檢測(cè)三組血清CA125和鐵蛋白水平。分析血清CA125和鐵蛋白的關(guān)系。分析血清CA125和鐵蛋白聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)上皮性卵巢癌的診斷價(jià)值。結(jié)果:A、B組CA125水平均高于對(duì)照組,且A組高于B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。A組血清鐵蛋白水平高于對(duì)照組和B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。B組血清鐵蛋白雖高于對(duì)照組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。三組CA125及血清鐵蛋白比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。CA125和血清欠揍蛋白呈正相關(guān)(r=0.889,P<0.05)。血清CA125單因素檢測(cè)最佳閾值為107.21 U/mL,AUC為0.828[P=0.002,95%CI(0.734,0.922)],敏感度100%,特異度64.35%;血清鐵蛋白單因素檢測(cè)最佳閾值為199.21 ng/mL,AUC為0.830[P=0.013,95%CI(0.737,0.924)],敏感度77.27%,特異度78.38%。聯(lián)合檢測(cè)中,其AUC為0.953[P=0.011,95%CI(0.909,0.998)],敏感度91.35%,特異度93.27%。結(jié)論:上皮性卵巢癌患者血清CA125與鐵蛋白均升高,血清CA125和鐵蛋白聯(lián)合檢測(cè)較單因素檢測(cè)診斷價(jià)值更佳,值得臨床推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 血清CA125 鐵蛋白 上皮性卵巢癌
Diagnostic Value of Combined Detection of Serum CA125 and Ferritin in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer/LIU Chenshu. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(30): -174
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum CA125 and ferritin in epithelial ovarian cancer. Method: 30 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who came to our hospital from January 2015 to August 2019 were selected as group A, 30 patients with benign ovarian disease as group B, and 30 healthy subjects during the same period were selected as control group. Serum CA125 and ferritin levels in three groups were detected. The relationship between serum CA125 and ferritin was analyzed. The diagnostic value of combined detection of serum CA125 and ferritin in epithelial ovarian cancer was analyzed. Result: CA125 levels of the group A and group B were higher than that of the control group, and that of the group A was higher than that of the group B, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum ferrictin level of the group A was higher than that of the control group and group B, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Serum ferritin of the group B was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in CA125 and serum ferric protein among three groups (P<0.05). CA125 was positively correlated with serum ferric protein (r=0.889, P<0.05). The optimal threshold of serum CA125 was 107.21 U/mL, AUC was 0.828 [P=0.002, 95%CI (0.734, 0.922)], sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 64.35%. The optimal threshold of serum ferritin single factor detection was 199.21 ng/mL, AUC was 0.830 [P=0.013, 95%CI (0.737, 0.924)], sensitivity was 77.27%, specificity was 78.38%. The optimal threshold of combined detection, AUC was 0.953 [P=0.011, 95%CI (0.909, 0.998)], sensitivity was 91.35%, specificity was 93.27%. Conclusion: Serum CA125 and ferritin in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were increased, the combined detection of serum CA125 and ferritin have better diagnostic value than single factor detection, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
[Key words] Serum CA125 Ferritin Epithelial ovarian cancer
First-author’s address: Xiaolan Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528415, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.30.041
上皮性卵巢癌在卵巢惡性腫瘤中占比高達(dá)70%,這種類型的惡性腫瘤早期大多無典型的臨床表現(xiàn),等到患者發(fā)病時(shí),病情基本已進(jìn)展到了疾病晚期。具體病理表現(xiàn)如:腹腔內(nèi)種植、肝實(shí)質(zhì)或胸腔、顱內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移等,這也是造成此類卵巢癌患者死亡率高的主要原因[1-2]。如今臨床上認(rèn)可度較高的診斷早期惡性腫瘤的重要指標(biāo)是腫瘤標(biāo)志物,其中以糖類抗原125(carbohydrate anrigen 125,CA125)在臨床上應(yīng)用較為廣泛。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CA125對(duì)卵巢癌的敏感性極高,但其特異性卻差強(qiáng)人意[3-4]。鐵蛋白的分子量較大,高達(dá)45 000~70 000 Mr,其含鐵量達(dá)17%~20%,鐵蛋白是鐵在人體中的主要儲(chǔ)存形式,研究顯示上皮性卵巢癌患者的血清鐵蛋白水平在病情初發(fā)階段就會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯升高的趨勢(shì),可作為早期預(yù)測(cè)惡性腫瘤的參考指標(biāo)[5]。目前已有大量研究報(bào)道,CA125或鐵蛋白單因素檢測(cè)為臨床診斷上皮性卵巢癌提供了一定的科學(xué)依據(jù),但聯(lián)合兩種因素進(jìn)行共同檢測(cè)對(duì)于上皮性卵巢癌的臨床價(jià)值卻鮮少聽聞[6-7]。因此本研究就血清CA125和鐵蛋白雙因素聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)于診斷上皮性卵巢癌的臨床價(jià)值展開分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2015年1月-2019年8月來本院就診的30例上皮性卵巢癌患者為A組,30例卵巢良性病變患者為B組,同時(shí)期的30例健康體檢志愿者為對(duì)照組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)A組符合《2012NCCN卵巢癌包括輸卵管和原發(fā)性腹膜癌臨床實(shí)踐指南(第二版)》中關(guān)于上皮性卵巢癌的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),B組確診為卵巢良性病變[8];(2)意識(shí)清醒且溝通無障礙。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并急性炎癥;(2)合并其他臟器疾病;(3)合并其他惡性腫瘤。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),入組人員均知情同意。
1.2 方法 采集所有入組人員的晨間靜脈血5 mL(空腹?fàn)顟B(tài)),25 ℃室溫環(huán)境下3 000 r/min,離心15 min,選用全自動(dòng)免疫分析儀(生產(chǎn)廠家:丹麥雷度公司,型號(hào):AQT90 FLEX型)檢測(cè)患者的CA125和血清鐵蛋白兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)水平,試劑盒選用瑞士羅氏公司產(chǎn)品,遵循試劑盒操作步驟說明,進(jìn)行規(guī)范操作。陽性界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別為:血清CA125>35 U/mL、血清鐵蛋白>132 ng/mL,聯(lián)合檢測(cè)中,其中一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)陽性即為陽性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,多組數(shù)據(jù)比較采用方差分析,組間兩兩對(duì)比采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)分析采用Pearson相關(guān)分析,采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析曲線下面積及95%置信區(qū)間、最佳閾值、靈敏度、特異度。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組一般資料比較 A組年齡22~70歲,平均(46.17±7.29)歲;平均BMI(22.53±2.12)kg/m2;國(guó)際婦產(chǎn)科聯(lián)盟(FIG分期):Ⅰ期12例、Ⅱ期8例、Ⅲ期7例、Ⅳ期3例;漿液性癌16例,黏液性癌14例。B組年齡20~71歲,平均(46.08±5.22)歲;平均BMI(22.42±2.32)kg/m2;其中卵巢囊腫21例,畸胎瘤4例,炎性增生5例。對(duì)照組年齡23~71歲,平均(46.28±5.17)歲;平均BMI(22.27±2.37)kg/m2。三組一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2 三組患者血清中CA125及血清鐵蛋白水平比較 A、B組CA125水平均高于對(duì)照組,且A組高于B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。A組血清鐵蛋白水平高于對(duì)照組和B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。B組血清鐵蛋白雖高于對(duì)照組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。三組CA125及血清鐵蛋白比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.3 CA125和血清鐵蛋白關(guān)系分析 CA125和血清鐵蛋白呈正相關(guān)(r=0.889,P<0.05)。見圖1。
2.4 兩指標(biāo)單獨(dú)檢測(cè)與同步檢測(cè)的臨床價(jià)值 血清CA125單因素檢測(cè)最佳閾值為107.21 U/mL,AUC為0.828[P=0.002,95%CI(0.734,0.922)],敏感度100%,特異度64.35%;血清鐵蛋白單因素檢測(cè)最佳閾值為199.21 ng/mL,AUC為0.830[P=0.013,95%CI(0.737,0.924)],敏感度77.27%,特異度78.38%;聯(lián)合檢測(cè)中,其AUC為0.953[P=0.011,95%CI(0.909,0.998)],敏感度91.35%,特異度93.27%。見圖2。
3 討論
卵巢癌的病死率位居?jì)D科腫瘤之首,因卵巢在盆腔深部,再加上卵巢癌早期并無特征性臨床表現(xiàn),查體也不易觸及腫塊,因此對(duì)于卵巢癌的早期診斷率一直較低[9-11]。上皮卵巢癌為卵巢癌中最主要的組織學(xué)類型,調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示近70%的上皮卵巢癌患者在疾病晚期才被確診,僅35%的患者生存期超過5年[12]。大量數(shù)據(jù)顯示,上皮性卵巢癌的臨床分期與其生存率密不可分,該病的高病死率主要與診斷時(shí)間過晚而延誤了最佳治療時(shí)期有關(guān),因此對(duì)于上皮性卵巢癌的早期診斷具有重要意義[13]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示:A、B組CA125水平均高于對(duì)照組,且A組高于B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。血清CA125單因素檢測(cè)的敏感度為100%,特異度為64.35%。提示上皮性卵巢癌患者的CA125表達(dá)水平較高,具有一定的診斷價(jià)值,與相關(guān)研究結(jié)果相一致[14]。CA125是在1981年由美國(guó)學(xué)者Bast首先在漿液性乳頭狀腺癌的患者中所獲得,屬于一種高分子跨膜糖蛋白,主要由半乳糖、N-乙酰氨基半乳糖、絲氨酸、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖、蘇氨酸及脯氨酸組成,目前作為卵巢癌患者中使用最廣泛的血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物,可用于監(jiān)測(cè)腫瘤的復(fù)發(fā),同時(shí)還具有一定的預(yù)后預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,但其特異性不高[15]。分析原因可能與CA125在心肺疾病、肝硬化、慢性活動(dòng)性肝炎、良性腹水、胸膜、腹膜、心包膜等感染時(shí)均有明顯的升高,甚至在女性正常生理?xiàng)l件下如月經(jīng)、妊娠等均可顯著升高,可見CA125升高特異性不強(qiáng),僅根據(jù)其升高不足以對(duì)早期上皮性卵巢癌進(jìn)行診斷[16-17]。血清鐵蛋白水平方面:A組血清鐵蛋白水平高于對(duì)照組和B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。B組血清鐵蛋白雖高于對(duì)照組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。提示此類患者中血清鐵蛋白表達(dá)水平升高。分析原因可能與快速增生的卵巢癌細(xì)胞可合呈并分泌鐵蛋白或異鐵蛋白有關(guān),同時(shí)與腫瘤壞死程度也有一定關(guān)系[18]。臨床上多將血清鐵蛋白作為缺鐵性貧血的診斷依據(jù),近年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)除鐵負(fù)荷過多可引起患者體內(nèi)血清鐵蛋白升高外惡性腫瘤組織及患者血清中血清性鐵蛋白表達(dá)均明顯升高,但對(duì)于其機(jī)制尚未完全被闡釋[14]。血清鐵蛋白敏感度為77.27%,特異度為78.38%,表明血清蛋白單因素檢測(cè)雖對(duì)上皮性卵巢癌診斷有一定的參考價(jià)值,但其敏感度及特異度均不高。分析原因可能與血清鐵蛋白除在卵巢癌等惡性腫瘤患者有高表達(dá)外,在糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變、白化病、骨髓增生等多種疾病中均有明顯的異常高表達(dá)[19-21]。雙因素聯(lián)合檢測(cè),其敏感度為91.35%,特異度為93.27%,結(jié)果表明聯(lián)合血清CA125與血清鐵蛋白進(jìn)行雙因素共同檢測(cè)可明顯提高其對(duì)早期上皮性卵巢癌診斷的有效率。
綜上所述,上皮性卵巢癌患者血清CA125與鐵蛋白均升高,血清CA125和鐵蛋白聯(lián)合檢測(cè)較單因素檢測(cè)診斷價(jià)值更佳,值得臨床推廣。
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(收稿日期:2020-12-09) (本文編輯:張明瀾)
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2021年30期