周天墨,陳佳林
摘要:為滿(mǎn)足保證信息可靠與安全的前提下,實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)事故應(yīng)急響應(yīng)與指揮、事故處理等信息的快速更新與可視化展示,并為應(yīng)急資源的合理調(diào)配提供參考方案,提出基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的安全生產(chǎn)應(yīng)急管理系統(tǒng)。結(jié)果表明:1)在統(tǒng)一框架下基于云化技術(shù)路線(xiàn)構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)具有較好的通用性與擴(kuò)展性,通過(guò)應(yīng)急值守、指揮調(diào)度、應(yīng)急保障、救援評(píng)估和培訓(xùn)演練等模塊的應(yīng)用,可實(shí)現(xiàn)海量異構(gòu)應(yīng)急數(shù)據(jù)從采集、存儲(chǔ)、處理到展示的一站式操作。2)基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)可確保各節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的不可篡改性與透明公正性,對(duì)安全生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)急響應(yīng)與指揮工作的開(kāi)展與復(fù)盤(pán)、應(yīng)急資源合理調(diào)配與跟蹤、各級(jí)不同應(yīng)急力量行動(dòng)信息的管理與評(píng)估等具有重要意義。
關(guān)鍵詞:區(qū)塊鏈;安全生產(chǎn);應(yīng)急管理;應(yīng)急資源;信息系統(tǒng)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TP311? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1009-3044(2021)20-0095-03
Research on the Emergency Management System Based on Blockchain
ZHOU Tian-mo, CHEN Jia-lin
(Information Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management of PRC, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract: In order to meet the requirement of reliable and safe information, and to realize the rapid update and visual display of emergency response and command, accident handling and other information, as well as the purpose of information sharing and reasonable allocation of emergency resources, a work safety emergency management system based on blockchain technology is proposed. The results show that: the system includes emergency duty, command and dispatch, emergency support, rescue evaluation and training drill. Under the unified framework, the system based on cloud technology route has good versatility and scalability, and can realize the massive heterogeneous emergency data from collection, storage, processing to display in the pattern of “one-stop operation”. Due to use of blockchain technology, it can ensure that the data of each node cannot be tampered and can be transparent and fair, which is of great significance to the development of emergency response and command in the field of work safety, the rational allocation and tracking of emergency resources, and the management and evaluation of action information of different emergency forces at all levels.
Key words: blockchain; social emergency force; emergency management; emergency rescue; information system
1 背景
隨著我國(guó)應(yīng)急管理工作的全面部署,以及安全生產(chǎn)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)整治三年行動(dòng)的強(qiáng)力推進(jìn),2020年全國(guó)生產(chǎn)安全事故起數(shù)和死亡人數(shù)同比分別下降15.5%和8.3%,創(chuàng)新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)歷史最低[1]??梢哉f(shuō),我國(guó)安全生產(chǎn)整體形勢(shì)處于穩(wěn)中向好的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),但隨著社交媒體和自媒體覆蓋面與傳播能力的飛速提升,任何地區(qū)發(fā)生安全生產(chǎn)事故均能通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)其事態(tài)等信息迅速傳播,官方信息稍有滯后便可能引發(fā)負(fù)面輿情蔓延,由此也為應(yīng)急響應(yīng)與應(yīng)急救援等工作的開(kāi)展提出了更高層級(jí)的要求。
當(dāng)前,借助信息化手段對(duì)安全生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行管理與監(jiān)控已成為通用手段,也有大量學(xué)者對(duì)不同行業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建進(jìn)行研究,如鄭曉軍等[2]在對(duì)基于GIS、基于AI和基于Multi-Agent的應(yīng)急系統(tǒng)分別概述的情況下,提出融合三種技術(shù)的通用應(yīng)急系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建思路;何云文等[3]提出無(wú)主機(jī)條件下基于井下多系統(tǒng)融合的煤礦應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集、傳輸、處理與展示的“一站式”結(jié)合;褚家成等[4]在對(duì)石油化工碼頭危險(xiǎn)因素分析的基礎(chǔ)上提出構(gòu)建災(zāi)害事故應(yīng)急系統(tǒng),以期為應(yīng)急指揮工作提供盡可能覆蓋全面的信息支持與輔助決策。此外,在大氣污染[5]、水污染[6]、公共衛(wèi)生[7]等突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急處置系統(tǒng)建設(shè)方面,也已擁有大量實(shí)踐案例或系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)研究,為各領(lǐng)域相互借鑒推進(jìn)應(yīng)急管理工作的系統(tǒng)化、高效化開(kāi)展提供支持與借鑒。但由于安全生產(chǎn)事故普遍具有危害大、影響范圍廣、聯(lián)合救援涉及領(lǐng)域多等問(wèn)題,加之公眾對(duì)應(yīng)急工作關(guān)注度的不斷提升,如何在保證信息可靠性與安全性的前提下,實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)急救援信息的快速更新、資源共享與調(diào)度整體管控始終是阻礙應(yīng)急工作開(kāi)展的難題,亟需進(jìn)一步研究。