殷董 陳琳 惠海英 馬小萍
[關(guān)鍵詞] 臨床病理討論;皮膚病學(xué);實(shí)習(xí)帶教;考核成績(jī);教學(xué)滿意度
[中圖分類號(hào)] R19? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)27-0001-03
Application effect of clinical pathology discussion in dermatology practice guiding and teaching
YIN Dong1? ?CHEN Lin2? ?HUI Haiying1? ?MA Xiaoping1
1.Department of Dermatology, Shannxi Provincial People′s Hospital, Xi′an? ?710068, China; 2.Department of Pathology, Shannxi Provincial People′s Hospital, Xi′an? ? 710068, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the application effect of clinical pathology discussion in dermatology practice guiding and teaching. Methods A total of 50 dermatology interns from January to December 2020 in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups according to the number odd-even method. The experimental group (n=25) complete the practice guiding and teaching with the clinical pathology discussion method; the reference group (25 patients) complete the practice guiding and teaching with the traditional teaching method. The theoretical examination achievement, operational examination achievement and teaching satisfaction (increased interaction and learning interest, clear teaching objectives, improved mastery of clinical skills and operation, improved mastery of knowledge points, improved ability to analyze and solve problems, and improved clinical thinking ability) between the 2 groups were compared. Results The theoretical examination achievement and operational examination achievement of interns in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the reference group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the reference group, in the experimental group, the enhancement of interaction and learning interest, the clear of the teaching objective, and the improvements of the degree of clinical skill operation, knowledge point mastery, the ability of analyzing and solving problems and the clinical thinking ability of the dermatology interns were more significant ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The effective use of clinical pathological discussions can significantly increase the theoretical and practical ability of dermatology interns, the interaction and learning interest, the clear teaching objective, the clinical skill mastery degree, the knowledge point mastery degree, ability of analyzing and solving problem skills, and ability of clinical thinking, and the effect is remarkable, which will ultimately effectively improve the teaching satisfaction, and fully prove the feasibility of clinical pathology discussion application during dermatology practice guiding and teaching.
[Key words] Clinical pathology discussion; Dermatology; Practice guiding and teaching; Examination achievement; Teaching satisfaction
臨床針對(duì)系列疾病在實(shí)施診斷期間,病理學(xué)獲得廣泛運(yùn)用。作為人體最大器官,皮膚除因外界因素造成的影響外,其與機(jī)體內(nèi)系列器官及組織均呈現(xiàn)出密切聯(lián)系,從而使皮膚出現(xiàn)較多疾病種類[1]。對(duì)于復(fù)雜、不典型、疑難及罕見(jiàn)皮膚疾病,通過(guò)臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)及肉眼觀察無(wú)法有效明確,對(duì)此需通過(guò)臨床特征與病理檢查結(jié)果確診[2]。對(duì)此將皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生學(xué)習(xí)能力及專業(yè)技能提升,意義顯著。傳統(tǒng)教授方式無(wú)法將學(xué)生作為教學(xué)中心,以老師為主,無(wú)法獲得明顯帶教效果。本研究將我院2020年1—12月皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生50名按數(shù)字奇偶法隨機(jī)分組;分析分別采用臨床病理討論方式及傳統(tǒng)教授方式完成實(shí)習(xí)帶教可行性,以實(shí)現(xiàn)皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生整體專業(yè)水平顯著提升,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
將我院2020年1—12月皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生50名按數(shù)字奇偶法隨機(jī)分組;試驗(yàn)組25名,女20名,男5名;年齡21~25歲,平均(22.29±0.25)歲;參照組25名,女21名,男4名;年齡21~24歲,平均(22.33±0.27)歲。兩組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生性別、年齡比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3]:①均接受皮膚病學(xué)帶教;②對(duì)于系列資料調(diào)查均可以積極配合。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]:①對(duì)于皮膚病學(xué)帶教無(wú)法積極配合者;②對(duì)于問(wèn)卷調(diào)查等不配合者。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 參照組? 采用傳統(tǒng)教授方式完成實(shí)習(xí)帶教,依據(jù)教學(xué)大綱,對(duì)于系列臨床病例相關(guān)知識(shí),安排帶教教師進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解,以帶教老師講授為主。
1.2.2 試驗(yàn)組? 采用臨床病理討論方式完成實(shí)習(xí)帶教,通過(guò)對(duì)教學(xué)大綱加以明確,合理進(jìn)行病例資料收集,將大皰性皮膚病、紅斑丘疹鱗屑性疾病、血管性皮膚病及結(jié)締組織病作為重點(diǎn),展開(kāi)對(duì)應(yīng)教學(xué)。通過(guò)所有教師進(jìn)行研討,合理選擇臨床病理討論方式將臨床病例有效帶入,對(duì)學(xué)生針對(duì)皮損病理、疾病臨床特點(diǎn)、疾病診治等相關(guān)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)予以引導(dǎo),并且?guī)Ы探處熥龊脤?duì)應(yīng)補(bǔ)充工作。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
比較兩組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生的理論考核成績(jī)、操作考核成績(jī)、教學(xué)滿意度(互動(dòng)及學(xué)習(xí)興趣增強(qiáng)、教學(xué)目標(biāo)明確、臨床技能操作掌握程度提高、知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握程度提高、分析解決問(wèn)題能力提高、臨床思維能力提高)。對(duì)于兩組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生考核成績(jī),主要利用自制百分制考卷分別考核理論成績(jī)、操作成績(jī),分值越高,對(duì)應(yīng)皮膚性病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生學(xué)習(xí)效果越優(yōu);對(duì)于兩組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生教學(xué)滿意度,利用自制百分制問(wèn)卷對(duì)互動(dòng)及學(xué)習(xí)興趣增強(qiáng)、教學(xué)目標(biāo)明確、臨床技能操作掌握程度提高、知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握程度提高、分析解決問(wèn)題能力提高、臨床思維能力提高方面展開(kāi)調(diào)查,分值越高,對(duì)應(yīng)皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生教學(xué)滿意度越高[5]。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 兩組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生理論考核成績(jī)、操作考核成績(jī)比較
試驗(yàn)組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生理論考核成績(jī)、操作考核成績(jī)均高于參照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2兩組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生教學(xué)滿意度比較
試驗(yàn)組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生互動(dòng)及學(xué)習(xí)興趣增強(qiáng)、教學(xué)目標(biāo)明確、臨床技能操作掌握程度提高、知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握程度提高、分析解決問(wèn)題能力提高、臨床思維能力提高均高于參照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
3討論
臨床病理討論在應(yīng)用期間,其主要通過(guò)治療措施評(píng)估、病情診斷及死亡病例原因分析等,使最終診治水平顯著提高,對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)事業(yè)發(fā)展發(fā)揮明顯促進(jìn)作用[6]。在臨床多種學(xué)科中,臨床病理討論模式獲得廣泛運(yùn)用,病理學(xué)作為基礎(chǔ)及過(guò)渡學(xué)科一種,其能夠確保實(shí)習(xí)生對(duì)于所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行充分整合及運(yùn)用,對(duì)于臨床實(shí)踐遇到系列問(wèn)題能夠進(jìn)行積極分析討論,就其問(wèn)題分析、思考及解決能力加以有效培養(yǎng),從而使良好臨床思維方式有效形成[7-9]。皮膚性病學(xué)作為臨床二級(jí)學(xué)科一種,其呈現(xiàn)出復(fù)雜性特點(diǎn),疾病表現(xiàn)多樣化,并且諸多疾病呈現(xiàn)出表現(xiàn)類似等特點(diǎn),對(duì)此針對(duì)皮膚疾病在實(shí)施診斷期間,需就其特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)加以結(jié)合,合理展開(kāi)病理檢驗(yàn),以對(duì)最終診斷作出保證[10-12]。為有效提高皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生學(xué)習(xí)能力,在帶教期間,有效引入臨床病理討論模式,表現(xiàn)出顯著價(jià)值。具體帶教期間,能夠顯著提升實(shí)習(xí)生專業(yè)理論學(xué)習(xí)及實(shí)踐能力,并且在實(shí)踐期間對(duì)于所學(xué)理論可以充分整合運(yùn)用。期間對(duì)于系列問(wèn)題可以進(jìn)行自主思考及解決,對(duì)于獨(dú)立思維能力可以進(jìn)行充分培養(yǎng),最終顯著提升皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生學(xué)習(xí)能力及專業(yè)技術(shù)水平[13-15]。
皮膚科作為醫(yī)院優(yōu)勢(shì)科室,病員充足且?guī)熧Y力量雄厚,具有豐富病例資料,存在獨(dú)立病理室。為培養(yǎng)具有一定科研能力、初步臨床能力與終身學(xué)習(xí)能力的實(shí)習(xí)生,皮膚科教研室能夠同自身學(xué)科特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行結(jié)合,積極完成教學(xué)改革,于實(shí)習(xí)生帶教工作中將臨床病理討論模式引入,獲得理想效果。本研究結(jié)果顯示,試驗(yàn)組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生理論考核成績(jī)?yōu)椋?0.25±2.53)分、操作考核成績(jī)?yōu)椋?1.33±2.55)分,均高于參照組的(75.29±3.02)分、(75.31±3.05)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);試驗(yàn)組皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生互動(dòng)及學(xué)習(xí)興趣增強(qiáng)為(90.53±2.53)分、教學(xué)目標(biāo)明確為(91.49±3.02)分、臨床技能操作掌握程度提高為(91.52±4.02)分、知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握程度提高為(91.49±5.05)分、分析解決問(wèn)題能力提高為(91.13±4.25)分、臨床思維能力提高為(91.19±4.25)分,均高于參照組的(80.19±3.02)分、(80.73±4.02)分、(79.25±5.02)分、(78.58±6.02)分、(77.14±2.27)分、(77.69±5.39)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。分析此種結(jié)果原因?yàn)榕R床病理討論方式有效運(yùn)用,可以對(duì)學(xué)生臨床相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行充分引導(dǎo),將學(xué)習(xí)積極性充分調(diào)動(dòng),對(duì)于學(xué)生組織語(yǔ)言、整合知識(shí)及思維能力鍛煉作出保證,獲得上述理想結(jié)果,充分證明臨床病理討論方式運(yùn)用于皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)帶教中的可行性。
綜上所述,臨床病理討論方式有效運(yùn)用,使皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)生理論及實(shí)踐能力顯著提高,并于互動(dòng)及學(xué)習(xí)興趣增強(qiáng)、教學(xué)目標(biāo)明確、臨床技能操作掌握程度提高、知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握程度提高、分析解決問(wèn)題能力提高、臨床思維能力提高方面效果顯著,最終有效提升教學(xué)滿意度,充分證明在皮膚病學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)帶教期間臨床病理討論應(yīng)用可行性。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] 林清,葉文珍,陳夢(mèng)學(xué).中醫(yī)皮膚科臨床帶教的思考[J].中國(guó)中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育,2020,18(21):33-35.
[2] 高敏,程暉,孫良丹,等.MBBS項(xiàng)目留學(xué)生皮膚病與性病學(xué)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系的構(gòu)建[J].湖州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2020,42(6):46-49.
[3] 樊俊威,萬(wàn)學(xué)峰.淺談“90后”四證合一臨床醫(yī)學(xué)皮膚科研究生的性格特點(diǎn)及帶教策略[J].新疆醫(yī)學(xué),2020, 50(4):418-419.
[4] 李蕊聯(lián),李曉莉,劉艷,等.PBL聯(lián)合CBL教學(xué)模式在皮膚病與性病臨床教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用評(píng)價(jià)[J].皮膚病與性病,2019,41(5):685-686.
[5] Hu YQ,Liu P,Mu ZL,et al.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis and its correlation with disease severity[J]. Chinese Medical Journal,2020,133(2):148-153.
[6] 余方,陳瓊榮,楊桂芳,等. 臨床病理科住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)導(dǎo)師制的探索[J]. 中國(guó)畢業(yè)后醫(yī)學(xué)教育,2020, 4(1):56-59.
[7] Akinori H,Masayoshi S. Application of noncontact infrared skin therapeutic therapy for peripheric disease screening in patients with periphatic arterial with no diabetes[J]. Journal of Anterior Therapy,2020,71(7):650-657.
[8] 仇容,何向蕾,陳健,等. 本科臨床醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)病理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)早期臨床滲透的實(shí)踐與思考[J]. 浙江醫(yī)學(xué)教育,2020,19(4):11-13.
[9] Dagrosa AT,Cowdrey MCE,LeBlanc RE,et al.Adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying a plasmacytoma with unusual histologic findings in a patient with polyneuropathy,organomegaly,endocrinopathy,monoclonal protein and skin changes syndrome and castleman disease[J].Journal of Cutaneous Pathology,2019,46(10):784-789.
[10] 駱麗,胡艷萍. 淺析多學(xué)科診療模式在臨床病理學(xué)帶教見(jiàn)習(xí)中的作用[J]. 繼續(xù)醫(yī)學(xué)教育,2020,34(11):27-29.
[11] 秦燕子,武世伍,周蕾,等. 探討責(zé)任導(dǎo)師制在臨床病理專業(yè)規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)中的確立及意義[J]. 衛(wèi)生職業(yè)教育,2019,37(10):141-143.
[12] Dixon LJ,Witcraft SM,Perry MM.How does anxiety affect adults with skin disease? examining the indirect effect of anxiety symptoms on impairment through anxiety sensitivity[J].Cognitive Therapy and Research,2019,43(1):14-23.
[13] 馮小軍,江炎,劉奕,等.“模擬康復(fù)團(tuán)隊(duì)式”帶教在臨床中的運(yùn)用效果分析[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)教育探索雜志,2020,19(9):1069-1073
[14] Lehman JS,Dasari S,Damodaran SS,et al.Differential expression of interferon-induced genes and other tissue-based biomarkers in acute graft-versus-host disease vs. lupus erythematosus in skin[J].Clinical and Experimental Dermatology,2019,44(4):E81-E88.
[15] 范軍,蔣夢(mèng)彤,聶秀. 信息化定量管理結(jié)合進(jìn)階式教學(xué)在臨床病理科住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)中應(yīng)用的探索[J]. 中國(guó)畢業(yè)后醫(yī)學(xué)教育,2019,3(2):177-180.
(收稿日期:2021-03-01)