張祖湘,王亞鳳,張 瑛,何瑞杰,韋用瓊,陽(yáng)丙媛,阮 俊,黃永林*
1廣西壯族自治區(qū)中國(guó)科學(xué)院廣西植物研究所 廣西植物功能物質(zhì)研究與利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,桂林 541006;2廣西久福生物科技有限公司,南寧 530012
蛞蝓屬腹足類腹足綱蛞蝓科動(dòng)物,為有肺的軟體動(dòng)物,因其體表布滿黏液,俗稱“黏蟲、鼻涕蟲、蜒蚰、土蝸、附蝸”。蛞蝓作為一種傳統(tǒng)中藥,味咸寒,入肺、肝、大腸經(jīng),具有祛風(fēng)定驚、清熱解毒、破瘀通經(jīng)等功用,主治中風(fēng)口咼僻、筋脈拘攣、驚癇、喘息、喉痹、咽腫、癰腫、痰核、痔瘡腫痛等癥[1-3]?,F(xiàn)代藥理學(xué)研究表明蛞蝓提取物能夠抑制宮頸癌HeLa細(xì)胞裸鼠移植瘤生長(zhǎng),還可抑制肺癌細(xì)胞端粒酶基因hTERT和改變突變型P53的表達(dá)[4,5]。同時(shí)蛞蝓凍干粉能明顯延長(zhǎng)咳嗽潛伏期,減少咳嗽次數(shù),具止咳化痰平喘作用,并能明顯的降低哮喘豚鼠肺組織嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),對(duì)支氣管哮喘及慢性支氣管炎有較好的治療作用[6-9]。本課題前期通過(guò)DPPH自由基清除、細(xì)胞抗炎、酶活篩選實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)黑蛞蝓甲醇提取物脂溶性部位具有抗氧化、抗炎、降低血糖血脂等多種生物活性,以正己烷為溶劑,可使活性成分得到有效提取。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道蛞蝓中含有多糖、氨基酸、甾醇類及其他成分[10-13]。植物甾醇類化合物與人體內(nèi)膽固醇的吸收、降解代謝、生化合成等密切相關(guān),影響血糖血脂的變化[14],但是目前對(duì)動(dòng)物甾醇類化合物生理活性報(bào)道較少,為了全面掌握黑蛞蝓(AgriolimaxagrestisLinnaeus)正己烷提取物的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)黑蛞蝓正己烷提取物進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分離純化,并對(duì)化合物進(jìn)行了初步的α-糖苷酶抑制活性篩選。
Brucker Avance 500MHz超導(dǎo)核磁共振波譜儀(瑞典Bruker公司);中低壓Semi-preparative HPLC(北京賽譜銳思公司);CA-1111冷卻水循環(huán)(東京理化公司);EYELA N-1300旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(東京理化公司);自動(dòng)接收儀(日本Advantec公司);柱層析硅膠(200~300目,青島海洋化工有限公司);ODS-C18反相色譜柱(Agilent 公司);Sephadex LH-20(美國(guó)GE公司)、Chromatorex C18(日本Fuji Silysia Chemical公司);F254硅膠薄層板(德國(guó)Merck公司),阿卡波糖(上海源葉);PNPG(上海源葉);α-糖苷酶(美國(guó)sigma公司);液相色譜所用試劑為色譜純,其他試劑均為分析純,水為純凈水。
樣品2019年7月購(gòu)于南寧市五塘鎮(zhèn),經(jīng)李岳執(zhí)業(yè)藥師鑒定為黑蛞蝓(AgriolimaxagrestisLinnaeus),憑證樣品(201907)存放于廣西久福生物科技有限公司。
取黑蛞蝓(AgriolimaxagrestisLinnaeus)粉末3.0 kg,干燥后加入正己烷,超聲提取6次,每次30 min,過(guò)濾后合并濾液,濾液減壓除去正己烷后,分別用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇反復(fù)萃取至無(wú)色?;厥杖軇┖蠓謩e得到石油醚浸膏290.0 g、乙酸乙酯浸膏8.6 g、正丁醇浸膏2.6 g。石油醚浸膏用二氯甲烷∶甲醇(1∶1)充分溶解后經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱層析分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)體系等梯度洗脫,得到9個(gè)流份Fr1~Fr9。Fr4(122.0 g)采用硅膠柱層析分離,石油醚-二氯甲烷(9∶1→1∶9)體系梯度洗脫,分為Fr4-1~Fr4-9共9個(gè)流分。其中Fr4-4(5.0 g)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱層析純化,二氯甲烷∶甲醇(1∶1)等梯度洗脫,得到化合物14(753 mg)。Fr5(52.5 g)采用Sephadex LH-20柱層析純化,二氯甲烷∶甲醇(1∶1)等梯度洗脫,分為Fr5-1~Fr5-6共6個(gè)流分。Fr5-2(6.5 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱層析分離、Semi-preparative HPLC制備及重結(jié)晶,得到化合物13(44 mg)、8(26 mg)。Fr5-4(10.9 g)采用Chromatorex C18柱層析分離,甲醇-水(1∶9→10∶0)體系洗脫,分為Fr5-4-1~Fr5-4-8共8個(gè)流分。Fr5-4-5(2.7 g)經(jīng)Chromatorex C18柱層析、Semi-preparative HPLC制備純化分離,得到化合物10(4 mg)、6(8 mg)、7(10 mg)。Fr5-5(5.3 g)經(jīng)硅膠分離純化,石油醚-二氯甲烷(9∶1→1∶9)體系梯度洗脫,分為Fr5-5-1~Fr5-5-14共14個(gè)流分,其中Fr5-5-12用Sephadex LH-20柱層析分離,得到化合物15(4 mg);Fr5-5-14(1.3 g)通過(guò)Sephadex LH-20、硅膠、Diaion HP20SS柱層析以及Semi-preparative HPLC制備純化分離,得到化合物11(10 mg)、12(18 mg)、4(16 mg)。乙酸乙酯浸膏用甲醇充分溶解后經(jīng)Chromatorex C18柱層析分離,甲醇-水(1∶9→10∶0)進(jìn)行梯度洗脫,得到Fr10-1~Fr10-5共5個(gè)流份。其中Fr10-1(318 mg)經(jīng)Chromatorex C18(甲醇-水)梯度洗脫并進(jìn)行重結(jié)晶,得到化合物3(20 mg)。正丁醇浸膏用甲醇充分溶解后經(jīng)Chromatorex C18(甲醇-水)分離,得到Fr11-1~Fr11-12共12個(gè)流分,其中Fr11-1-1經(jīng)Semi-preparative HPLC制備純化分離,得到純化合物1(2 mg)。Fr11-4(634 mg)、Fr11-6(876 mg)、Fr11-12(413 mg)重結(jié)晶后,分別得到化合物2(78 mg)、化合物9(512 mg)、化合物5(20 mg)。
將50 μL PBS緩沖液(pH為6.8)加入96孔板中,然后分別加入不同濃度的待測(cè)樣品溶液20 μL和10 μL酶溶液(0.1 U/mL),震蕩均勻,置于37 ℃恒溫箱中預(yù)熱5 min,然后加入10 μL PNPG(1 mM),于37 ℃恒溫箱中反應(yīng)30 min,最后加入50 μL無(wú)水碳酸鈉(0.2 M)終止反應(yīng),在波長(zhǎng)405 nm處測(cè)定吸光值為反應(yīng)組A,等量緩沖液代替酶液做反應(yīng)對(duì)照組A0,等量緩沖液代替樣品做空白組C,等量緩沖液分別代替樣品溶液和酶液做空白對(duì)照組C0,其他步驟及試劑同上[15,16]。抑制率計(jì)算公式:抑制率=[1-(A-A0)/(C-C0)]×100%。重復(fù)上述實(shí)驗(yàn)三次。
化合物1白色粉末;分子式為C8H10O。1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:3.00(2H,dd,J=8.9,14.6 Hz,H-7),3.78(2H,dd,J=4.3,8.9 Hz,H-8),7.24~7.33(5H,m,H-2~H-6);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:137.3(C-1),130.4(C-2),129.9(C-3),128.4(C-4),129.9(C-5),130.4(C-6),38.3(C-7),57.6(C-8)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物1為苯乙醇。
化合物2白色片狀固體;分子式為C16H32O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.88(3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-16),1.25~1.36(24H,m,12×CH2),1.64(2H,m,H-3),2.34(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:179.0(C-1),34.0(C-2),32.1(C-3),29.9(C-4),29.8(C-5),29.8(C-6),29.8(C-7),29.8(C-8),29.7(C-9),29.6(C-10),29.5(C-11),29.4(C-12),29.2(C-13),24.9(C-14),22.9(C-15),14.3(C-16)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[18]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物2為十六烷酸。
化合物3淡黃色粉末;分子式為C18H34O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.87(3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18),1.24~1.29(22H,m,H-3~H-7,H-12~H-17),1.62(2H,m,H-11),2.01(2H,s,H-8),2.33(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2),5.34~5.37(2H,m,H-9,H-10);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:179.5(C-1),34.1(C-2),22.8(C-3),29.6(C-4),29.4(C-5),29.5(C-6),29.8(C-7),29.8(C-8),129.9(C-9),130.2(C-10),29.2(C-11),29.8(C-12),24.8(C-13),29.8(C-14),29.7(C-15),29.8(C-16),32.1(C-17),14.2(C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[19]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物3為(Z)-9-octadecenoic acid。
化合物4白色粉末;分子式為C21H40O4。1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:0.90(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18′),1.29~1.33(20H,m,H-4′~H-7′,H-12′~H-17′),1.63(2H,m,H-3′),2.03~2.06(2H,m,H-8′,H-11′),2.35(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2′),3.56(2H,m,H-3),3.83(1H,m,H-2),4.06(1H,dd,J=6.3,11.6 Hz,H-1b),4.15(1H,dd,J=4.3,11.6 Hz,H-1a),5.35~5.37(2H,m,H-9′,H-10′);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:66.5(C-1),71.1(C-2),64.1(C-3),175.5(C-1′),33.1(C-2′),30.2(C-3′),28.1(C-4′),28.1(C-5′),26.0(C-6′),30.5(C-7′),30.3(C-8′),130.9(C-9′),130.8(C-10′),34.9(C-11′),30.2(C-12′),30.8(C-13′),30.8(C-14′),30.4(C-15′),30.7(C-16′),23.7(C-17′),14.5(C-18′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[20]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物4為1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl(E)-octadec-9-enoate。
化合物5淡黃色固體;分子式為C27H56。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.85(6H,t,J=6.8,H-1,H-27),1.22~1.25(4H,m,H-2,H-26);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:14.3(C-1),22.8(C-2),32.1(C-3),29.6(C-4),29.8-29.9(19C,C-5~23),29.6(C-24),32.1(C-25),22.8(C-26),14.3(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物5為二十七烷。
化合物6白色粉末;分子式為C28H54O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:0.88(6H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-16,H-12′),2.31(2H,t,J=7.3 Hz,H-2),3.65(2H,s,H-1′),5.33~5.35(2H,m,H-9,H-10);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:175.9(C-1),34.9(C-2),26.0(C-3),28.2(C-4),34.1(C-5),33.0(C-6),33.1(C-7),34.9(C-8),130.7(C-9),130.9(C-10),34.9(C-11),33.1(C-12),30.8(C-13),34.8(C-14),23.7(C-15),15.4(C-16),51.9(C-1′),28.1(C-2′),26.1(C-3′),30.5(C-4′),30.9(C-5′),30.9(C-6′),30.9(C-7′),30.9(C-8′),30.5(C-9′),34.8(C-10′),23.7(C-11′),14.2(C-12′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[22]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物6為dodecyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate。
化合物7白色粉末;分子式為C50H96O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:0.90(12H,t,J=6.7 Hz,4×CH3),1.60(2H,m,H-3),2.02~2.06(8H,m,H-18,H-21,H-30,H-33),2.28(2H,m,H-2),5.35(4H,t,J=4.6 Hz,H-19,H-20,H-31,H-32);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:178.2(C-1),34.9(C-2),26.1(C-3),28.1(C-4),30.1(C-5),30.2(C-6),30.2(C-7),30.2(C-8),30.2(C-9),30.2(C-10),30.2(C-11),30.2(C-12),30.2(C-13),30.2(C-14),30.3(C-15),30.3(C-16),30.7(C-17),28.1(C-18),130.8(C-19),130.9(C-20),28.1(C-21),30.7(C-22),30.4(C-23),30.4(C-24),30.2(C-25),30.2(C-26),30.6(C-27),30.6(C-28),30.8(C-29),28.1(C-30),130.8(C-31),130.9(C-32),28.1(C-33),30.8(C-34),30.6(C-35),30.6(C-36),30.3(C-37),30.3(C-38),30.3(C-39),30.3(C-40),30.3(C-41),30.3(C-42),30.3(C-43),30.3(C-44),30.3(C-45),30.3(C-46),30.1(C-47),33.0(C-48),23.7(C-49),14.4(C-50)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[23,24]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物7為cis,cis-diunsaturatedα-meromycolic acid。
化合物8白色粉末;分子式為C57H104O6。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.86(9H,t,J=7.0 Hz,3×(H-18′)),1.25(66H,s,3×11(CH2)),1.61(6H,br s,3×(H-11′)),2.01(6H,br s,3×(H-8′)),2.34(6H,t,J=7.5 Hz,3×(H-2′)),4.13~4.16(4H,m,H-1,3),5.26(1H,m,H-2),5.33~5.36(6H,m,3×(H-9′,10′));13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:65.2(C-1),68.5(C-2),65.2(C-3),174.0(C-1′),34.2(C-2′),29.4(C-3′),29.2(C-4′),29.5(C-5′),29.2(C-6′),29.8(C-7′),27.4(C-8′),129.8(C-9′),130.2(C-10′),25.0(C-11′),29.8(C-12′),29.8(C-13′),29.8(C-14′),29.9(C-15′),22.8(C-16′),32.1(C-17′),14.2(C-18′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[25]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物8為1,2,3-propanetriyl(9Z,9′Z,9″Z)tris(-9-octadecenoate)。
化合物9白色粉末;分子式為C27H46O。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.67(3H,s,H-18),0.85(3H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-26),0.86(3H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-27),0.91(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-21),1.00(3H,s,H-19),3.57(1H,m,H-3),5.34(1H,m,H-6);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.1(C-1),29.6(C-2),71.7(C-3),42.2(C-4),140.7(C-5),121.6(C-6),31.5(C-7),31.8(C-8),50.0(C-9),36.4(C-10),20.9(C-11),39.7(C-12),42.2(C-13),56.7(C-14),24.2(C-15),28.1(C-16),56.0(C-17),11.7(C-18),19.3(C-19),35.7(C-20),18.6(C-21),36.1(C-22),23.7(C-23),39.4(C-24),27.9(C-25),22.4(C-26),22.7(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[26]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物9為膽固醇。
化合物10白色粉末;分子式為C27H44O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:0.73(3H,s,H-18),0.88(3H,d,J= 2.0 Hz,H-26),0.89(3H,d,J= 2.0 Hz,H-27),0.95(3H,d,J= 6.5 Hz,H-21),1.24(3H,s,H-19),3.55(1H,m,H-3),5.66(1H,br s,H-6);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:39.6(C-1),31.9(C-2),71.2(C-3),44.3(C-4),169.1(C-5),126.3(C-6),204.7(C-7),42.7(C-8),51.4(C-9),37.5(C-10),22.3(C-11),40.1(C-12),46.6(C-13),51.5(C-14),24.9(C-15),29.6(C-16),56.2(C-17),12.4(C-18),17.7(C-19),37.0(C-20),19.4(C-21),37.4(C-22),27.4(C-23),40.6(C-24),29.1(C-25),23.2(C-26),22.9(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[27]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物10為7-酮基膽固醇。
化合物11白色粉末;分子式為C27H46O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.69(3H,s,H-18),0.85(3H,d,J= 2.2 Hz,H-26),0.86(3H,d,J= 2.2 Hz,H-27),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-21),1.00(3H,s,H-19),3.58(1H,m,H-3),3.85(1H,br s,H-7),5.60(1H,dd,J=1.8,5.3 Hz, H-6);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.1(C-1),31.7(C-2),71.6(C-3),41.9(C-4),143.6(C-5),125.6(C-6),73.5(C-7),41.1(C-8),48.4(C-9),36.6(C-10),21.2(C-11),39.7(C-12),43.1(C-13),55.6(C-14),23.9(C-15),28.7(C-16),56.1(C-17),11.9(C-18),18.9(C-19),35.9(C-20),19.3(C-21),36.4(C-22),26.5(C-23),39.7(C-24),28.1(C-25),22.9(C-26),22.7(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[28,29]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物11為膽甾-5-烯-3β,7α二醇。
化合物12白色粉末;分子式為C27H46O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.69(3H,s,H-18),0.85(3H,d,J= 2.2 Hz,H-26),0.86(3H,d,J= 2.2 Hz,H-27),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-21),1.05(3H,s,H-19),3.57(1H,m,H-3),3.85(1H,m,H-7),5.29(1H,br s,H-6);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.1(C-1),31.5(C-2),71.4(C-3),42.1(C-4),146.4(C-5),124.0(C-6),65.5(C-7),37.6(C-8),42.3(C-9),37.5(C-10),20.9(C-11),39.3(C-12),42.4(C-13),49.6(C-14),23.8(C-15),28.4(C-16),56.0(C-17),11.7(C-18),18.3(C-19),35.9(C-20),18.8(C-21),36.3(C-22),24.4(C-23),39.6(C-24),28.1(C-25),22.9(C-26),22.7(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[28,29]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物12為膽甾-5-烯-3β,7β二醇。
化合物13白色粉末;分子式為C41H72O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.67(3H,s,H-18),0.87(3H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-26),0.88(3H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-27),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-21),1.01(3H,s,H-19),4.10(1H,m,H-3),5.33(1H,m,H-6);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.2(C-1),27.9(C-2),73.8(C-3),38.3(C-4),139.8(C-5),122.7(C-6),32.1(C-7),32.1(C-8),50.2(C-9),36.3(C-10),21.2(C-11),39.9(C-12),42.4(C-13),56.8(C-14),24.4(C-15),28.4(C-16),56.3(C-17),12.0(C-18),19.4(C-19),34.8(C-20),18.8(C-21),35.9(C-22),23.9(C-23),39.6(C-24),28.1(C-25),22.6(C-26),22.8(C-27),173.4(C-1′),34.5(C-2′),25.2(C-3′),29.3(C-4′),29.4(C-5′),29.6(C-6′),29.7(C-7′),29.7(C-8′),29.8(C-9′),29.5(C-10′),32.0(C-11′),22.9(C-12′),14.2(C-13′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[30]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物13為膽甾醇肉豆蔻酸酯。
化合物14白色針狀結(jié)晶;分子式為C44H78O2。1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:0.67 (3H,s,H-18),0.86(3H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-27),0.87(3H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-26),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-21),1.02(3H,s,H-19),2.28(2H,m,H-4),4.62(1H,m,H-3),5.36(1H,m,H-6);13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:37.2(C-1),27.9(C-2),73.8(C-3),38.3(C-4),139.9(C-5),122.7(C-6),32.0(C-7),32.1(C-8),50.2(C-9),36.4(C-10),21.2(C-11),39.9(C-12),42.5(C-13),56.8(C-14),24.4(C-15),28.2(C-16),56.3(C-17),12.0(C-18),19.5(C-19),35.9(C-20),18.9(C-21),36.8(C-22),22.7(C-23),39.7(C-24),28.4(C-25),22.8(C-26),23.9(C-27),173.4(C-1′),34.9(C-2′),25.2(C-3′),29.3(C-4′),29.4(C-5′),29.5(C-6′),29.6(C-7′),29.7(C-8′),29.8(C-9′),29.8(C-10′),29.8(C-11′),29.8(C-12′),29.8(C-13′),29.5(C-14′),32.1(C-15′),24.0(C-16′),14.3(C-17′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[31]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物14為膽甾醇基十七酸酯。
化合物15白色針狀結(jié)晶;分子式為C30H48O3。1H NMR(500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:0.67 (3H,s,H-24),0.74(3H,s,H-25),0.80(3H,d,J= 6.5 Hz,H-29),0.86(3H,d,J=4.5 Hz,H-30),0.91(3H,s,H-26),1.04(3H,s,H-27),2.99(1H,m,H-3),5.12(1H,t,J=3.2 Hz,H-12);13C NMR(125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:36.5(C-1),26.9(C-2),76.9(C-3),38.3(C-4),54.8(C-5),18.0(C-6),32.7(C-7),40.0(C-8),47.0(C-9),38.5(C-10),23.3(C-11),124.6(C-12),138.2(C-13),41.7(C-14),28.2(C-15),23.8(C-16),46.9(C-17),52.4(C-18),38.4(C-19),38.4(C-20),30.2(C-21),36.3(C-22),27.6(C-23),15.2(C-24),16.1(C-25),17.0(C-26),22.9(C-27),178.3(C-8),16.9(C-29),21.1(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[32]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定化合物15為熊果酸。
以上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法平行測(cè)定三次取平均值,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示陽(yáng)性藥阿卡波糖的IC50為0.003 7 mg/mL,化合物6的IC50為1.19 mg/mL,化合物10的IC50為1.34 mg/mL,對(duì)α-糖苷酶的抑制活性較弱,其他化合物無(wú)法計(jì)算其IC50值,對(duì)α-糖苷酶基本無(wú)抑制作用。具體實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如表1所示。
表1 不同化合物抑制α-糖苷酶活性的IC50值
黑蛞蝓正己烷提取物中共分離得到15個(gè)化合物,主要為長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸和甾醇類化合物,其中有6個(gè)甾醇類化合物,甾醇類化合物9和14為主要成分。除化合物9之外,其余化合物均為首次從該動(dòng)物藥中首次分離得到。植物甾醇類化合物具有多種生物活性,能夠抑制人體對(duì)膽固醇的吸收、促進(jìn)膽固醇的降解代謝、抑制膽固醇的生化合成等作用,但是目前對(duì)動(dòng)物甾醇類化合物生理活性報(bào)道較少。本實(shí)驗(yàn)初步篩選了純度較高的7個(gè)化合物的α-糖苷酶抑制活性,結(jié)果顯示化合物6和10對(duì)α-糖苷酶的抑制活性均較弱,其他化合物對(duì)α-糖苷酶基本無(wú)抑制作用。前期實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示該活性部位具有α-糖苷酶的抑制活性,活性成分可能為檢測(cè)到的多種萜類化合物。