国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

烤煙新品種貴煙5號(hào)的選育及特征特性

2022-03-21 04:02王仁剛王自力林世鋒張吉順龍明錦曾吉凡楊志曉任學(xué)良
中國(guó)煙草科學(xué) 2022年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙新品種

王仁剛 王自力 林世鋒 張吉順 龍明錦 曾吉凡 楊志曉 任學(xué)良

摘 ?要:烤煙新品種貴煙5號(hào)是以自育品系2009-203(PVH06×NC729)為母本,南江3號(hào)為父本雜交,經(jīng)系譜法選育而成,2020年通過(guò)全國(guó)煙草品種審定委員會(huì)審定。該品種遺傳性狀穩(wěn)定,田間長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較強(qiáng),易烘烤;抗黑脛病,中抗青枯病和根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病;經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、外觀質(zhì)量、物理性狀優(yōu)于對(duì)照K326;感官質(zhì)量與對(duì)照K326相當(dāng);并具有烤后煙葉鉀含量高(中部煙葉比云煙87高29.95%)、含梗率低(中部煙葉比云煙87低10.55%)的顯著優(yōu)點(diǎn)。貴煙5號(hào)適宜在西南、華中煙區(qū)種植,是一個(gè)工業(yè)利用價(jià)值和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益兼顧的優(yōu)良新品種。

關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;新品種;貴煙5號(hào);富鉀

Abstract: Guiyan5, a new flue-cured tobacco variety, was bred by systematic selection with 2009-203 (PVH06×NC729) as female parent and Nanjiang 3 as male parent, and was approved by the National Tobacco Variety Approval Committee in 2020. Its genetic traits were stable. Plants grew vigorously in the field and leaves were easy for flue-curing. Guiyan5 was highly resistant to black shank and moderately resistant to tobacco bacterial wilt and root knot nematode. The comprehensive economic characters, appearance quality and physical properties were better than those of control K326; The sensory and comprehensive quality was similar to that of K326, with the characteristics of high potassium content and low stem ratio. In conclusion, Guiyan5 was a new superior variety, which had both industrial application value and agricultural efficiency.

Keywords: flue-cured tobacco; new variety; Guiyan5; potassium-enriched

烤煙新品種的選育推廣是煙葉生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),對(duì)提高煙葉品質(zhì)、抗病抗逆性和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有重要作用[1-3]。鉀是植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育所必需的礦質(zhì)元素,與煙草體內(nèi)碳水化合物、致香物質(zhì)的合成轉(zhuǎn)化及煙葉成熟度密切相關(guān),其含量的高低是評(píng)價(jià)烤煙品質(zhì)好壞的重要指標(biāo)之一[4-6]。煙葉鉀含量與煙葉質(zhì)地、色澤、填充力、吃味、燃燒性和?;鹦缘瘸收嚓P(guān)[7-10],與煙葉焦油釋放量和煙氣中的N-亞硝胺、苯并[a]芘、氨和苯酚等有害物質(zhì)含量呈負(fù)相關(guān)[11-12]。不同基因型烤煙在吸鉀能力和鉀素分配方面存在顯著差異,通過(guò)選育富鉀烤煙新品種提高煙葉鉀含量是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的途徑[13-14]。本研究以提高烤后煙葉鉀含量、品質(zhì)和易烤性為主要目標(biāo),采用常規(guī)雜交育種手段選育出烤煙新品種貴煙5號(hào)。

1 ?親本來(lái)源及選育過(guò)程

貴煙5號(hào)是以自育品系2009-203為母本,南江3號(hào)為父本進(jìn)行雜交,采用系譜法連續(xù)選擇培育出的烤煙新品種。母本2009-203是貴州省煙草科學(xué)研究院以PVH06×NC729配制雜交組合,通過(guò)系譜法選育而成的穩(wěn)定品系。經(jīng)鑒定,2009-203鉀含量較高,抗黑脛病和青枯病,香氣量足,但較難烘烤,田間氣候性斑點(diǎn)病發(fā)病較重,適應(yīng)性較差。父本南江3號(hào)是由紅花大金元自然變異單株經(jīng)系統(tǒng)選育而成,2009年通過(guò)貴州省煙草品種審定委員會(huì)審定。該品種田間生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)強(qiáng),耐肥,易烘烤,氣候性斑點(diǎn)病發(fā)病輕,抗旱性和適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),中抗-中感黑脛病和青枯病。新品種貴煙5號(hào)綜合了母本鉀含量高、抗黑脛病、吸食品質(zhì)好和父本長(zhǎng)勢(shì)強(qiáng)、易烘烤、氣候性斑點(diǎn)病發(fā)病輕等特點(diǎn)。

2009年配制雜交組合,經(jīng)系譜選擇于2011年穩(wěn)定,2012年參加貴州省烤煙品種預(yù)備試驗(yàn),2013—2014年參加貴州省烤煙品種區(qū)域試驗(yàn)及貴州省烤煙品種生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn),2015—2016年參加全國(guó)烤煙品種區(qū)域試驗(yàn),2017年參加全國(guó)烤煙品種生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn),2020年通過(guò)全國(guó)煙草品種審定委員會(huì)審定。

2 ?主要特征特性

2.1 ?主要植物學(xué)和農(nóng)藝性狀

多年試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,貴煙5號(hào)株型塔形,葉形橢圓-長(zhǎng)橢圓,葉色綠色-深綠色,葉面較皺,葉緣波浪形,葉耳小,主脈粗細(xì)中等,莖葉角度中等,花序集中,花色淡紅。貴煙5號(hào)遺傳性狀穩(wěn)定一致,田間生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較強(qiáng),生長(zhǎng)整齊,分層落黃好,大田生育期123.14 d。該品種平均打頂株高為130.32 cm,有效葉19.43片,莖圍10.18 cm,節(jié)距6.36 cm,腰葉長(zhǎng)69.80 cm、寬32.89 cm(表1)。與對(duì)照相比,貴煙5號(hào)有效葉數(shù)與對(duì)照基本相當(dāng),莖圍略粗,節(jié)距較長(zhǎng),中部葉長(zhǎng)度與對(duì)照相當(dāng),寬度較寬。

2.2 ?主要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀

全國(guó)烤煙品種試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明(表2),貴煙5號(hào)平均產(chǎn)量較主對(duì)照K326高2.05%,較副對(duì)照云煙87高0.92%;產(chǎn)值較主對(duì)照K326高1.14%,較副對(duì)照云煙87低7.47%;上等煙率高于主對(duì)照K326,均價(jià)和上中等煙率與主對(duì)照K326相當(dāng);均價(jià)、上等煙率和上中等煙率低于副對(duì)照云煙87。貴煙5號(hào)綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀略高于主對(duì)照K326,低于副對(duì)照云煙87。

2.3 ?抗病性

全國(guó)烤煙品種抗病性鑒定結(jié)果表明(表3),貴煙5號(hào)抗黑脛病,中抗青枯病、根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病,中感赤星病,感TMV、CMV、PVY。貴煙5號(hào)對(duì)黑脛病、青枯病、赤星病的抗性優(yōu)于對(duì)照K326,對(duì)CMV、PVY的抗性與對(duì)照K326相當(dāng),綜合抗病性優(yōu)于對(duì)照K326。

2.4 ?原煙外觀質(zhì)量與內(nèi)在品質(zhì)

2.4.1 ?外觀質(zhì)量 ?全國(guó)烤煙品種區(qū)域試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明(表4),貴煙5號(hào)原煙顏色以金黃色為主,成熟度相對(duì)較好,葉片較疏松,身份中等,油分稍有至有,色度中等,連續(xù)兩年綜合外觀質(zhì)量均優(yōu)于主對(duì)照K326,略低于或與副對(duì)照云煙87相當(dāng)(表4)。2017年全國(guó)烤煙品種生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn)煙葉工業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果(共3個(gè)示范點(diǎn)),貴煙5號(hào)在2個(gè)示范點(diǎn)(貴州銅仁、湖北恩施)的外觀質(zhì)量分值高于主對(duì)照K326,1個(gè)示范點(diǎn)(陜西安康)低于主對(duì)照K326。貴煙5號(hào)綜合外觀質(zhì)量高于主對(duì)照K326,低于或與副對(duì)照云煙87相當(dāng)。

2.4.2 ?物理特性 ?2017年全國(guó)烤煙品種生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn)煙葉工業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果(表5),貴煙5號(hào)中部煙葉厚度0.111~0.138 mm之間,平均0.120 mm;葉面密度58.15~68.81 g/m2,平均61.96 g/m2;單葉質(zhì)量9.74~11.37 g,平均10.76 g;平衡含水率13.06%~15.12%,平均14.34%;拉力1.46~2.03 N,平均1.82 N;伸長(zhǎng)率19.39%~29.17%,平均22.91%;填充值3.94~4.50 cm3/g,平均4.23 cm3/g;含梗率29.64%~30.43%,平均30.10%。與主對(duì)照K326和副對(duì)照云煙87相比,貴煙5號(hào)煙葉厚度、葉面密度、單葉質(zhì)量、拉力和伸長(zhǎng)率較高。貴煙5號(hào)烤后煙葉含梗率較低,中部葉含梗率較主對(duì)照K326和副對(duì)照云煙87分別降低7.40%和10.55%。工業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)3個(gè)示范點(diǎn)的樣品中,貴煙5號(hào)物理特性分值均高于主對(duì)照;在2個(gè)示范點(diǎn)(陜西安康、貴州銅仁)的物理特性分值高于副對(duì)照,1個(gè)示范點(diǎn)(湖北恩施)的物理特性分值與副對(duì)照相當(dāng)。綜上,貴煙5號(hào)的物理特性優(yōu)于主對(duì)照K326和副對(duì)照云煙87。

2.4.3 ?化學(xué)成分 ?貴煙5號(hào)原煙各化學(xué)成分含量在適宜范圍之內(nèi),內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)。貴煙5號(hào)中部葉原煙樣品平均總植物堿1.98%、總氮1.79%、還原糖22.25%、總糖25.72%、鉀2.43%、氯離子0.39%、淀粉3.36%(表6)。貴煙5號(hào)具有鉀含量較高的顯著優(yōu)點(diǎn),平均鉀含量比主對(duì)照K326高16.27%,比副對(duì)照云煙87高29.95 %。

2.4.4 ?感官質(zhì)量 ?2017年全國(guó)烤煙品種生產(chǎn)試驗(yàn)煙葉工業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明(表7),貴煙5號(hào)在貴州銅仁蜜甜香型較明顯,香型風(fēng)格凸顯程度較高。綜合

3個(gè)示范點(diǎn)的工業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,1個(gè)點(diǎn)的感官質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)于主對(duì)照K326,1個(gè)點(diǎn)的感官質(zhì)量與主對(duì)照K326相當(dāng),1個(gè)點(diǎn)的感官質(zhì)量低于主對(duì)照K326;3個(gè)點(diǎn)的感官質(zhì)量與副對(duì)照云煙87相當(dāng)。綜上,貴煙5號(hào)的綜合感官質(zhì)量與主對(duì)照K326和副對(duì)照云煙87相當(dāng)。

3 ?栽培調(diào)制技術(shù)要點(diǎn)

貴煙5號(hào)在年度間和地區(qū)間表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定,品種適應(yīng)性好,適宜在西南、華中煙區(qū)種植。貴煙5號(hào)一般于4月上中旬移栽,栽培密度15 000~16 500株/hm2;田間長(zhǎng)勢(shì)強(qiáng),中等肥力土壤施純氮97.5 kg/hm2,比例

為m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=10∶10∶25,可適量增施有機(jī)肥。大田旺長(zhǎng)后期打掉底腳葉2~3片,中心花開(kāi)放打頂,單株留葉20片;大田前期注意預(yù)防病毒病發(fā)生,大田后期加強(qiáng)赤星病防治;采收時(shí)應(yīng)把握成熟度,下部葉適熟早采,中部葉成熟采收,上部葉充分成熟采收;該品種葉片分層落黃好,較易烘烤,適宜采用三段式烘烤工藝。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]宗釗輝,魏彬,曾濤,等. 烤煙新品種粵煙1號(hào)的選育及特征特性[J]. 中國(guó)煙草科學(xué),2021,42(3):1-6.

ZONG Z H, WEI B, ZENG T, et al. Breeding and characterization of a new flue-cured tobacco variety Yueyan1[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2021, 42(3): 1-6

[2]張玉,劉楊,王元英,等. 烤煙新品種中川208的選育及特征特性[J]. 中國(guó)煙草科學(xué),2019,40(5):1-7.

ZHANG Y, LIU Y, WANG Y Y, et al. Breeding and characterization of a new flue-cured tobacco variety Zhongchuan208[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2019, 40(5): 1-7.

[3]李雪君,孫計(jì)平,孫煥,等. 烤煙新品種許金101的選育及特征特性[J]. 中國(guó)煙草科學(xué),2021,42(5):1-6.

LI X J, SUN J P, SUN H, et al. Breeding and Characterization of a New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Xujin101[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2021, 42(5): 1-6.

[4]尹啟生,陳江華,王信民,等. 2002年度全國(guó)煙葉質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)分析[J]. 中國(guó)煙草學(xué)報(bào),2003,9(z1):59-70.

YIN Q S, CHEN J H, WANG X M, et al. The quality evaluation of leaf tobacco in China in 2002[J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2003, 9(z1): 59-70.

[5]竇玉青,王樹(shù)聲,許立峰,等. 煙草鉀素營(yíng)養(yǎng)研究進(jìn)展[J]. 中國(guó)煙草科學(xué),2002(3):31-33.

DO Y Q, WANG S S, XU L F, et al. Studies of potassium nutrition in tobacco [J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2002(3): 31-33.

[6]閆寧,劉新民,杜詠梅,等. 我國(guó)初烤煙葉鉀含量現(xiàn)狀與變化趨勢(shì)分析[J]. 江西農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào),2018,30(1):86-90.

YAN N, LIUX M, DU Y M, et al. Current situation and variation trend of potassium content in flue-cured tobacco in China [J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2018, 30(1): 86-90.

[7]竇玉青,湯朝起,王平,等. 北方烤煙鉀氯含量及其與吸食品質(zhì)的關(guān)系研究[J]. 中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào),2010,26(17):86-92.

DOU Y Q, TANG C Q, WANG P, et al. Studies on relationship between potassium and chlorine content of tobacco leaf and its smoking quality in northern areas[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(17): 86-92.

[8]陽(yáng)葦麗,王龍憲,許自成,等. 烤煙鉀、氯含量及鉀氯比與煙氣指標(biāo)的關(guān)系分析[J]. 江西農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào),2011,23(12):109-112.

YANG W L, WANG L X, XU Z C. et al. Analysis of relationships between potassium content, chlorine content, ratio of potassium to chlorine in flue- cured tobacco leaves and smoking gas indices[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2011, 23(12): 109-112.

[9]WANG X. Potassium and nitrogen distribution pattern and growth of flue-cured tobacco seedlings influenced by nitrogen form and calcium carbonate in hydroponic culture[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2005, 28(12): 2145-2157.

[10]ZHAO Z X, LI C J, YANG Y H, et al. Why does potassium concentration in flue-cured tobacco leaves decrease after apex excision[J]. Field Crops Research, 2010, 116(1-2): 86-91.

[11]柳林青,杜詠梅,王振娟,等. 烤煙種質(zhì)焦油釋放量及其影響因素的相關(guān)性分析[J]. 植物遺傳資源學(xué)報(bào),2020,21(4):923-929.

LIU L Q, DU Y M, WANG Z J, et al. Correlation analysis of tar content in flue-cured tobacco germplasm and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2020, 21(4): 923-929.

[12]耿召良,張婕,葛永輝,等. 烤煙主流煙氣內(nèi)源有害成分與煙葉化學(xué)成分相關(guān)性[J]. 應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2015,26(5):1447-1453.

GENG Z L, ZHANG J, GE Y H, et al. Correlation between endogenous harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke and chemical constituents in tobacco leaves[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(5): 1447-1453.

[13]楊鐵釗,晁逢春,丁永樂(lè),等. 煙草不同基因型葉片鉀積累特性及變異分析[J]. 中國(guó)煙草學(xué)報(bào),2002,8(3):11-16.

YANG T Z, CHAO F C, DING Y L, et al. Analysis on potassium accumulation characteristics and genetic variation in tobacco leaves [J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2002, 8(3): 11-16.

[14]劉鴻雁,魏成熙,陸引罡,等. 不同品種烤煙吸鉀特性研究[J]. 種子,2001,20(2):26-27,29.

LUI H Y, WEI C X, LU Y G, et al. The Research of characteristics about potassium absorption of different tobacco varieties [J]. Seed, 2001, 20(2): 26-27, 29.

2157501186257

猜你喜歡
烤煙新品種
看禾選種
烤煙栽培地膜覆蓋技術(shù)要點(diǎn)
有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)混肥及施氮量對(duì)烤煙K326生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響
不同施肥結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)及烤煙氮、磷、鉀含量的影響
烤煙部位量化識(shí)別判定方法研究
烤煙品種貴煙1號(hào)貴煙2號(hào)在貴州省天柱縣的推廣應(yīng)用示范
美國(guó)《溫室種植者》推介的2008年花卉新品種(九)
2008年荷蘭國(guó)際園藝展覽會(huì)盆花新品種(一)
美國(guó)《溫室種植者》推介2009年花卉新品種(五)
新品種信息