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書(shū)面表達(dá)之觀點(diǎn)看法類

2022-05-30 10:48高潔
瘋狂英語(yǔ)·初中版 2022年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:過(guò)渡性段落理由

高潔

考點(diǎn)詳解

一般來(lái)說(shuō),觀點(diǎn)看法類文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系十分清晰,它除了考查英文基礎(chǔ),還考查邏輯能力,具體來(lái)說(shuō)就是上下文的銜接過(guò)渡和文章層次的體現(xiàn)。文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過(guò)渡性的詞和短語(yǔ)來(lái)完成,在修辭中稱為“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”?!皢ⅰ本褪情_(kāi)頭,“承”就是承接,“轉(zhuǎn)” 是轉(zhuǎn)折,“合”是綜合或總結(jié)。

1. 用于表示“啟”的過(guò)渡性的單詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落或文章的開(kāi)頭,如:first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to begin with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, lately…

2. 用于表示“承”的過(guò)渡性的單詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落中的第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中,如:second, in addition, besides, then, moreover, what's more, what's worse, for example, certainly, obviously, in other words, still, at the same time, no doubt…

3. 用于表示“轉(zhuǎn)”的過(guò)渡性的單詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落中的第二個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中,如:but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, while, despite, in spite of…

4. 用于表示“合”的過(guò)渡性的單詞和短語(yǔ)通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中,如:in a word, in short, above all, after all, finally, therefore, as a result, on the whole, in summary…

一、寫(xiě)作方法——十句作文法

第一段為開(kāi)頭,包括兩句:第一句為主題句,提出問(wèn)題并通過(guò)問(wèn)題點(diǎn)明全文主題;第二句為擴(kuò)展句,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和支持主題句。另外,也可調(diào)整兩句的順序,由第一句說(shuō)明情況,第二句提出問(wèn)題。

第二段為正文,共七句:第一句為主題句,提出本段的主題,它應(yīng)與第一段的主題相一致;第二句至第七句為擴(kuò)展句,說(shuō)明和支持本段的主題。句與句之間要注意運(yùn)用好過(guò)渡詞,以使行文流暢。

第三段為結(jié)尾,簡(jiǎn)化為一句,是對(duì)全文的總結(jié),并說(shuō)明作者自己的觀點(diǎn)。

三段之間的銜接要靈活運(yùn)用“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”的過(guò)渡手段。

二、應(yīng)急百寶箱

遇到要點(diǎn)不會(huì)表達(dá)怎么辦?詞數(shù)不達(dá)標(biāo)怎么辦?不要急,“一代,五加,一擴(kuò)”幫你輕松解決問(wèn)題,具體如下:

1. 以實(shí)代虛——寫(xiě)實(shí)

2. 增加限定語(yǔ)——定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等

3. 增加例子——for example, such as

4. 增加原因——進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明

5. 加套語(yǔ)(詞塊)

6. 加格言、諺語(yǔ)等——進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明

7. 擴(kuò)充建議——自主發(fā)揮,點(diǎn)到即可

三、常用表達(dá)

1. 開(kāi)頭句型

As far as I'm concerned…就我而言

It goes without saying that…毋庸置疑

It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地說(shuō)

As the proverb says…正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)

It has to be noticed that…必須注意到

It's generally recognized that…人們普遍認(rèn)為

It's likely that…很可能

It's hardly too much to say that…毫不夸張地說(shuō)

What calls for special attention is that…需要特別注意的是

There's no denying the fact that…毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),無(wú)可否認(rèn)

Nothing is more important than the fact that…沒(méi)有什么比……更重要

What's far more important is that…更重要的是

2. 銜接句型

A case in point is…一個(gè)典型的例子是

As stated in the previous paragraph…如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…然而問(wèn)題并非如此簡(jiǎn)單,所以……

But it's a pity that…但可惜的是

For all that.../In spite of the fact that... 雖然

However, the difficulties in…然而,困難在于……

Similarly, we should pay attention to... not (that)...but (that)... 同樣,我們應(yīng)該注意……不是……而是……

In view of the present station…鑒于目前形勢(shì)

As has been mentioned above…綜上所述

In this respect, we may as well (say)…從這個(gè)角度上我們可以說(shuō)……

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is…然而我們還得看到事物的另一方面,即……

3. 結(jié)尾句型

All things considered…總而言之

It may be safely said that…可以有把握地說(shuō)

Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable…因此,在我看來(lái),更可取的是……

It can be concluded from the discussion that…從中我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論……

From my point of view, it would be better if…在我看來(lái)……也許更好

It remains to be further studied………有待進(jìn)一步研究

四、寫(xiě)作模板

觀點(diǎn)看法類作文的整體結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的模式可循,可以先寫(xiě)對(duì)比的一方面,再寫(xiě)對(duì)比的另外一方面;也可以將對(duì)比的兩個(gè)方面的不同點(diǎn)比較著寫(xiě)。

對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)看法類作文的寫(xiě)作模板

The topic of 主題 is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of 理由一 . What's more, 理由二 . Moreover, 理由三 . While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. First, 理由一 . Second(Besides), 理由二 . Third(Finally), 理由三 .

From my point of view, I think 我的觀點(diǎn) . The reason is that 原因 . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former (later) is surely a wise choice.

練習(xí)

(一)

學(xué)校最近以“學(xué)生做作業(yè)時(shí)是否應(yīng)該在網(wǎng)上找答案?”為題做了一個(gè)調(diào)查。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)一些學(xué)生贊成,也有一些學(xué)生反對(duì)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)調(diào)查情況和下列提示,以“Think before you search online”為題寫(xiě)一篇作文。

注意:1. 內(nèi)容須包括所提示信息,可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。

2. 文中不得出現(xiàn)自己的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。

3. 80 詞左右(開(kāi)頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。

Think before you search online

Some students now have a new use for the Internet — helping them with their homework. But different people have different ideas about it.

(二)

親愛(ài)的同學(xué),你生活中有煩惱、學(xué)習(xí)有壓力嗎?如果有,那我們應(yīng)該如何正確面對(duì)煩惱,有效緩解心理壓力呢?請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示,以“How to solve our stress”為題寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文。

提示:1. 積極參加體育鍛煉,擁有一個(gè)健康的身體。

2. 多與老師、家長(zhǎng)和朋友交談,說(shuō)出自己的煩惱。

3. 多聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè),多看看書(shū)。

4. 盡自己最大努力學(xué)習(xí),勇敢面對(duì)自己的成績(jī)。

5. 如果經(jīng)常感覺(jué)壓力過(guò)大,可以去看醫(yī)生。

注意:1. 內(nèi)容包括所提供的信息及要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,但不要逐條翻譯。

2. 不得出現(xiàn)自己的姓名、學(xué)校等信息。

3. 80 詞左右(開(kāi)頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。

How to solve our stress

We all have some problems and in our lives. How should we solve them?

參考答案

(一)

【思路導(dǎo)航】

本文是一篇話題作文,題目是“Think before you search online”。主要根據(jù)調(diào)查情況寫(xiě)一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告,并寫(xiě)出自己的觀點(diǎn)。首先要認(rèn)真閱讀提示 , 認(rèn)真審題,根據(jù)提示,確定文章的中心。注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。盡量使用熟悉句型,使用簡(jiǎn)單句式,同時(shí)應(yīng)選用合適的連接詞或過(guò)渡詞,使文章具有一定的連貫性,提示詞需用上。

【參考范文】

Think before you search online

Some students now have a new use for the Internet — helping them with their homework. But different people have different ideas about it.

Some students agree with it. They sometimes don't know the answers to the problems, so they have to turn to the Internet. They think they can learn from other people. At the same time, it's easy and it saves time. However, not all the students welcome this. Many students think simply copying the answers won't improve their abilities and it may make students stop thinking.

I think students should first think over the problems by themselves. If we use the Internet properly, it could be a good way to study.

(二)

【思路導(dǎo)航】

1. 這是一篇給材料作文。本文給出了一些要點(diǎn),并給出了作文的開(kāi)頭。我們要做的就是用正確的英語(yǔ)把要點(diǎn)表達(dá)出來(lái),并適當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)揮,說(shuō)出自己的觀點(diǎn)。

2. 動(dòng)筆前要認(rèn)真閱讀材料,不要遺漏要點(diǎn),并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。

3. 根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)寫(xiě),要注意主謂一致等問(wèn)題。

4. 寫(xiě)作中要適當(dāng)使用連詞,注意上下文緊密聯(lián)系,符合邏輯關(guān)系。

5. 要注意使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should 和 could,為文章增色。

【參考范文】

How to solve our stress

We all have some problems and stress in our lives. How should we solve them?

Firstly, we should take more part in exercise. Sports can help us to have a healthier body and study better. Secondly, we need to talk with our teachers, parents and friends, try to tell them our trouble. They may give us some useful advice. Thirdly, we can also listen to music and read books. It's a good way to relax ourselves. Fourthly, we should try our best to study hard and learn to face our grades bravely. Fifthly, if we have too much stress, we'd better see a doctor.

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