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高齡患者人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)的護(hù)理配合

2022-06-06 13:33楊燕妮
關(guān)鍵詞:高齡患者配合護(hù)理

楊燕妮

Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of nursing cooperation and intervention in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Methods: the medical records of patients treated in our hospital from February 2021 to November 2021 were collected. 62 of them were randomly selected into the scope of the study. The willingness to interview patients was randomly divided into two groups, with 31 patients in each group. The two groups were treated with traditional nursing (control group) and surgical nursing (experimental group). The operation indexes and complications of 62 patients were evaluated to study the role of operation cooperation. Results: the comparison of the results was very significant. The data of the group with nursing cooperation was significantly better than that of the group with traditional nursing, and the interval difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, especially elderly patients, it is necessary to cooperate with surgical nursing intervention, which helps to reduce the operation time and reduce the amount of bleeding, and minimize the discomfort of patients. It has good application value.

【關(guān)鍵詞】高齡患者;人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù);護(hù)理;配合

【中圖分類號(hào)】R684 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2026-5328(2022)03--01

一、一般資料與方法

(一)一般資料

收集2021年2月至2021年11月間在該時(shí)段內(nèi)于本院接受治療的患者病歷,隨機(jī)選擇其中82例作為研究對(duì)象,采訪患者的意愿隨機(jī)分為兩個(gè)小組,各有31例患者。在實(shí)驗(yàn)組中女性、男性的比例為23:18,年齡數(shù)值在66-81歲范圍內(nèi),平均年齡(72.6±5.9)歲,對(duì)照組中女性、男性的比例為21:20,年齡數(shù)值在68-83歲范圍內(nèi),平均年齡(71.8±6.2)歲。分析評(píng)測(cè)所有患者的一般信息,差異結(jié)果可以進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究(P>0.05)。

(二)方法

對(duì)照組患者應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)護(hù)理干預(yù),即傳統(tǒng)的照顧和告知手術(shù)各項(xiàng)事宜等。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者應(yīng)用手術(shù)護(hù)理配合干預(yù):

(三)首先在手術(shù)前就需要評(píng)估患者的各項(xiàng)器官狀態(tài),進(jìn)行手術(shù)操作和麻醉、體位調(diào)整等位置的分析,盡量減少對(duì)患者身體造成的刺激,制定最可靠的手術(shù)方案。另外,在手術(shù)前告知患者與家屬手術(shù)時(shí)需要配合的地方以及術(shù)后可能發(fā)生的情況,對(duì)部分焦慮等患者展開(kāi)情緒梳理,防止因?yàn)椴缓玫那榫w而對(duì)手術(shù)結(jié)果造成影響。

(四)為防止感染在手術(shù)前30分鐘應(yīng)用抗菌藥物,手術(shù)時(shí)注意給患者補(bǔ)液和補(bǔ)血,并在麻醉以前給予300-500ml的平衡液達(dá)到擴(kuò)充血容量的目的,注意觀察患者血壓是否正常。防止術(shù)中因?yàn)槌鲅斐裳h(huán)系統(tǒng)受損,身體出現(xiàn)異常。并做好各類急救物品的準(zhǔn)備工作,選擇留置針以防不時(shí)之需,在出現(xiàn)異常時(shí)能夠及時(shí)搶救,同時(shí)注意查看有無(wú)發(fā)生脂肪栓塞,觀察各項(xiàng)生命體征、血氧飽和度、出血量、瞳孔飽和度等有無(wú)變化。注意患者應(yīng)保持側(cè)臥,骨盆應(yīng)用骨盆托架固定妥善,并在腋下和骨突的位置墊上海綿墊,但不能太大壓力。給予骨水泥的時(shí)候注重觀察患者呼吸和心率等數(shù)據(jù),防止出現(xiàn)骨水泥中毒的情況。注意給患者保暖,盡量降低患者身體暴露時(shí)長(zhǎng)和部位,輸注的液體加溫至35℃,并給予紅外線消毒皮膚。

(五)手術(shù)完成后注意觀察詢問(wèn)患者的疼痛情況并加強(qiáng)保暖,定期幫助其更換體位,患者的需求盡量滿足。

(六) 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

對(duì)62例患者的的手術(shù)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)和并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況進(jìn)行評(píng)測(cè),研究手術(shù)配合的作用。

(七) 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件來(lái)分析數(shù)據(jù),過(guò)程中的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)和計(jì)量資料應(yīng)用(%)和頻數(shù)來(lái)描述,數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)施X2進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),采取T值分析檢驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果若為P≤0.05,則代表數(shù)值差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)實(shí)踐工作意義。

二、結(jié)果

(一) 兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率對(duì)比

結(jié)果對(duì)比十分明顯,兩組之間具有較大差別且存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

(三)討論

眾所周知,大部分患者在髖關(guān)節(jié)功能異常時(shí)會(huì)選擇置換髖關(guān)節(jié),而手術(shù)以后大部分患者的關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)功能低得到恢復(fù)、活動(dòng)自由,但畢竟人工置換術(shù)是將假體置入患者體內(nèi),所以術(shù)后極可能出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng),或者由于疼痛難忍導(dǎo)致情緒不穩(wěn)定等情況的發(fā)生,會(huì)影響手術(shù)的治療效果。為提高手術(shù)的治療效果,加快患者的恢復(fù)時(shí)間,在治療的同時(shí)實(shí)施相應(yīng)的手術(shù)室護(hù)理,對(duì)患者的預(yù)后恢復(fù)有一定的積極性作用[3]。此外,由于患者年齡較大,身體各項(xiàng)機(jī)能的降低導(dǎo)致免疫低和抵抗力不足,所以即使手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低,術(shù)后的康復(fù)訓(xùn)練和手術(shù)的護(hù)理配合也是十分重要的,可以提高手術(shù)效果[4]。

通過(guò)實(shí)踐結(jié)果得出,手術(shù)護(hù)理配合干預(yù)有助于減少患者的不適,手術(shù)時(shí)注重患者舒適感的同時(shí)注意保溫,手術(shù)效果也顯著提高,此次研究中的實(shí)驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥就明顯更低,當(dāng)然如果預(yù)后配合康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,患者的預(yù)后恢復(fù)效果會(huì)更優(yōu)[5]。

綜上所述,對(duì)于人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)的患者來(lái)說(shuō),尤其是高齡患者,有必要配合手術(shù)護(hù)理干預(yù),有助于減少手術(shù)時(shí)長(zhǎng)和降低出血量,讓患者的不適降到最低,具有良好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]陳娟,陳蘭,王勤.自制多孔側(cè)臥位固定架在降低老年髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)壓瘡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)臨床研究[J].生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程與臨床,2022,26(01):7

[2]丁璐,李梅春,張娟.老年患者人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)中護(hù)理問(wèn)題及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化護(hù)理對(duì)策[J].中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,2021(16):210-212.

[3]李秀艷.圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理對(duì)高齡股骨頸骨折患者行人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的臨床效果及預(yù)后評(píng)價(jià)[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)藥指南,2021,19(16).

[4]李靜.高齡患者人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的圍手術(shù)期的護(hù)理研究[J].中西醫(yī)結(jié)合心血管病電子雜志,2020,8(22).

[5]崔嬌.人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)患者轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)邊緣時(shí)間護(hù)理干預(yù)效果分析[J].首都食品與醫(yī)藥,2020,27(09):144-145.

[6]Dong Baotie,Li Hong,Gao Wei,Zhou Zhendong. The effect of intra-articular injection of antibacterial drugs in the clinical treatment of prosthetic joint infection in patients undergoing artificial hip replacement.[J]. American journal of translational research,2021,13(4).

[7]Lin Jinluan,Huang Chunlong,Yu Weiguang,Han Guowei,Liu Xiangzhen,Zeng Xianshang. Revision of failed metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty using cemented arthroplasty: a mean 10-year follow-up of 157 consecutive patients[J]. Journal of International Medical Research,2021,49(1).

[8]. Surgery - Arthroplasty; New Arthroplasty Study Findings Reported from Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital (A retrospective study comparing a single surgeon’s experience on manual versus robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty after the learning curve...)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.

[9]. Surgery - Arthroplasty; New Arthroplasty Findings from Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital Discussed (A retrospective study comparing a single surgeon’s experience on manual versus robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty after the learning curve of...)[J]. Robotics & Machine Learning,2020.

[10]Jetse Jelsma,Martijn Schotanus,Henne Kleinveld,Bernd Grimm,Ide Heyligers. Self-reported systemic complaints in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty[J]. Journal of Orthopaedics,2020,18(C).

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