韋武均 梁楚晗 黃春傳 黃美金 韋安吉 張英杰 黃晶晶 黎作茶 王春芳
【摘要】目的檢測(cè)環(huán)狀RNA(circRNA)_000203在人類免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)感染兒童外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞中表達(dá),探討其表達(dá)與HIV-1感染兒童的臨床意義。方法收集71例HIV-1感染兒童與71例體檢正常兒童外周血,分離單個(gè)核細(xì)胞,采用RT-PCR檢測(cè)單個(gè)核細(xì)胞中circRNA_000203表達(dá),統(tǒng)計(jì)分析HIV-1感染兒童與正常組表達(dá)差異,以及HIV-1不同進(jìn)展期的表達(dá)差異,并分析circRNA_000203表達(dá)與CD4細(xì)胞數(shù)、病毒載量的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果HIV-1感染的兒童組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.001),HIV進(jìn)展患兒組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于HIV長(zhǎng)期未進(jìn)展患兒組(P<0.001);而ART(antiretroviral therapy)無(wú)響應(yīng)患兒組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于ART響應(yīng)患兒組(P<0.001)。HIV-1感染兒童中circRNA_000203相對(duì)表達(dá)量與CD4細(xì)胞數(shù)成反比(R=-0.332,P=0.005),與HIV-1病毒載量成正比(R=0.390,P<0.001)。結(jié)論circRNA_000203與HIV-1感染相關(guān),且可能與HIV-1感染預(yù)后不良相關(guān),可能是HIV-1感染兒童的潛在診斷指標(biāo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】人類免疫缺陷病毒;環(huán)狀RNA;兒童;診斷指標(biāo)
中圖分類號(hào):R512.91文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2022.06.005
Expression and clinical significance of circRNA_000203 in
disease progression of HIV-1-infected children
WEI Wujun LIANG Chuhan HUANG Chunchuan HUANG Meijin WEI Anji ZHANG Yingjie HUANG Jingjing LI Zuocha WANG Chunfang
(1a.Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1b. Department of Infectious Diseases, 1.Affiliated Hospital of
Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China; 2. Department of
Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baise, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China)
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo detect the expression of circular RNA (circRNA)_000203 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children? infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), so as to explore the clinical significance of its expression on HIV-1 infected children. MethodsThe peripheral blood of 71 HIV-1 infected children and 71 normal children with physical examination were collected.? ?Mononuclear cells were isolated, circRNA_000203 expression in mononuclear cells were detected by RT-PCR, the difference of expressions between HIV-1 infected children and normal group as well as the difference of expressions of HIV-1 at different progressive stages were statistically analyzed. In addition, correlation between the expression of circRNA_000203, the number of CD4 cells and viral load was analyzed. ResultsThe relative expression of circRNA_000203 in HIV-1 infected children group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.001), and the relative expression of circRNA_000203 in children with HIV progression was significantly higher than that in children with long-term non progress of HIV(P<0.001). However, the relative expression of circRNA_000203 was higher in ART (antiretroviral therapy) unresponsive group than in ART responsive group(P<0.001). The relative expression of circRNA_000203 in HIV-1 infected children was inversely proportional to the number of CD4 cells (R=-0.332, P=0.005), and directly proportional to the viral load of HIV-1 (R=0.390, P<0.001). ConclusionCircRNA_000203 is associated with HIV-1 infection and may be associated with poor prognosis of HIV-1 infection, which may be a potential diagnostic indicator of HIV-1 infected children.
【Key words】HIV; circRNA; children; diagnostic indicator
人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)仍然是一個(gè)全球公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)在2019年底報(bào)告,全世界有3800萬(wàn)人感染了HIV-1,其中只有67%接受抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療[1]。盡管聯(lián)合抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒療法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)極大地改變了HIV-1感染的治療,并將其從一種致命的急性疾病轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N慢性疾病[2]。而相對(duì)成年人,HIV-1感染兒童的疾病進(jìn)展更快,受感染兒童在感染7年后能保持穩(wěn)定的CD4計(jì)數(shù)不足5%[3]。因此,有必要針對(duì)HIV-1感染兒童進(jìn)行深入的機(jī)制研究。越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明非編碼RNA在HIV-1感染中起關(guān)鍵作用[4~5]。環(huán)狀RNA(circular RNA, circRNA)是一種環(huán)形RNA,具有高組織特異性表達(dá)的共價(jià)閉合連續(xù)環(huán)[6]。環(huán)形結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性使得其更適合用于疾病的診斷[7]。circRNA_000203在心肌肥厚[8]、心臟成纖維細(xì)胞[9]中具有重要調(diào)控作用,但其與HIV-1的關(guān)系還未見(jiàn)相關(guān)報(bào)道。本研究旨在探討circRNA_000203在正常兒童與HIV-1感染兒童的表達(dá)差異,以及circRNA_000203表達(dá)與HIV-1臨床生理病理指標(biāo)的關(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步揭示HIV-1感染兒童的分子機(jī)制提供理論依據(jù),以及HIV-1感染兒童臨床診斷提供潛在指標(biāo)。
1材料與方法
1.1入選樣本2014年1月至2020年12月在右江民族醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院確診的71名HIV-1感染兒童和71名同齡體檢中心HIV-1陰性兒童,性別與年齡一般情況統(tǒng)計(jì)見(jiàn)表1。得到右江民族醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),獲得父母/監(jiān)護(hù)人簽署的知情同意書。招募的兒童為母嬰渠道感染,排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):其他感染方式;呼吸道、腸道、肺結(jié)核等合并感染;嚴(yán)重臟器疾病。HIV-1受感染的ART未感染兒童被分為26個(gè)LTNPs(long-term nonprogressors,長(zhǎng)期未進(jìn)展患者,定義為:保持穩(wěn)定的CD4計(jì)數(shù)>500 cell/μL超過(guò)7年)和22名進(jìn)展者(progressors,定義為:年齡<5歲時(shí)CD4計(jì)數(shù)小于25%或年齡>5歲時(shí)CD4計(jì)數(shù)<500 cell/μL或招募前18個(gè)月持續(xù)降低)[10]。接受抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療的兒童分為兩組:14名抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒應(yīng)答者和9名抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒無(wú)應(yīng)答者(抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療應(yīng)答者被定義為接受抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療至少6個(gè)月的感染兒童,血液中病毒載量得到控制,即小于2000個(gè)病毒RNA拷貝/mL。抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療無(wú)應(yīng)答者被定義為接受抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療至少6個(gè)月的兒童,血液中病毒載量未得到控制,即大于2000個(gè)病毒RNA拷貝/mL[11])。
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1CD4計(jì)數(shù)和病毒載量測(cè)量通過(guò)定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(RT-PCR)測(cè)定血漿病毒載量(COBAS-TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0;羅氏診斷公司)。檢測(cè)下限為47個(gè)HIV-1拷貝/mL。CD4+T細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)通過(guò)BD流式細(xì)胞儀(Canto.2)測(cè)定。
1.2.2單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(PBMC)分離與檢測(cè)采集HIV-1感染兒童和血清陰性對(duì)照中外周血(2~4 mL),于30分鐘內(nèi)以3000 rpm離心10分鐘。分離的血漿樣本在-80 ℃冷凍保存,以評(píng)估細(xì)胞因子水平。采用Ficoll(Histopaque公司)梯度離心法分離單個(gè)核細(xì)胞。使用RNeasy試劑盒(Qiagen公司)提取RNA,并通過(guò)納米光譜法NanoDrop,ND-1000(美國(guó)德州威爾明頓熱科學(xué)公司)進(jìn)行定量。使用Qiagen T和B細(xì)胞活化陣列試劑盒(Qiagen公司,貨號(hào):PAHS053Z),使用特異性引物(表2)、Taq聚合酶(Invitrogen,Thermo Scientific公司)和Sybr Green dye(Bio-Rad公司,CFX96TouchTM),通過(guò)qRT-PCR對(duì)環(huán)狀RNA進(jìn)行基因表達(dá)譜分析。通過(guò)2-ΔΔCT方法計(jì)算相對(duì)表達(dá),引物序列見(jiàn)表2。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用GraphPad Prism 6.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料服從正態(tài)分布,以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,組間比較采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),circRNA_000203表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)不服從正態(tài)分布,組間比較使用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以頻數(shù)或百分率以(%)表示,組間比較采用χ檢驗(yàn),采用Spearman檢驗(yàn)評(píng)估感染兒童外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞circRNA_000203表達(dá)水平與CD4細(xì)胞數(shù)、病毒載量的相關(guān)性。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn):α=0.05,雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn)。
2結(jié)果2.1circRNA_000203在HIV-1感染組中高表達(dá)HIV-1受感染的ART未感染兒童被分為26個(gè)LTNPs和22名進(jìn)展者(progressors)。接受抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療的兒童分為兩組,14名抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒應(yīng)答者和9名抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒無(wú)應(yīng)答者。通過(guò)RT-PCR檢測(cè)對(duì)照組與HIV-1感染的兒童組中circRNA_000203表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示,HIV-1感染的兒童組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量為(2.684±0.120),對(duì)照組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量為(0.775±0.046),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=14.87,P<0.001),見(jiàn)圖1A。將HIV-1感染的兒童組分為HIV長(zhǎng)期未進(jìn)展患兒組、HIV進(jìn)展患兒組、ART響應(yīng)患兒組與ART無(wú)響應(yīng)患兒組,結(jié)果顯示,HIV進(jìn)展患兒組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量為(3.714±0.103),HIV長(zhǎng)期未進(jìn)展患兒組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量為(2.146±0.167),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=7.637,P<0.001);而ART無(wú)響應(yīng)患兒組中circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量為(3.180±0.142),ART響應(yīng)患兒組中的circRNA_000203的相對(duì)表達(dá)量為(1.745±0.086),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=9.161,P<0.001),見(jiàn)圖1B。
2.2circRNA_000203表達(dá)與HIV-1感染兒童CD4細(xì)胞數(shù)、病毒拷貝數(shù)相關(guān)性在HIV-1感染兒童中circRNA_000203相對(duì)表達(dá)量與CD4細(xì)胞數(shù)成反比(R=-0.332, P=0.005,見(jiàn)圖2A),與HIV-1病毒載量成正比(R=0.390,P<0.001,見(jiàn)圖2B)。
3討論母嬰垂直傳播是兒童艾滋病病毒感染的主要途徑,無(wú)論是在子宮內(nèi)、產(chǎn)時(shí)還是產(chǎn)后通過(guò)母乳喂養(yǎng)[12]。據(jù)估計(jì),全世界有320萬(wàn)兒童感染HIV[13]。隨著世界衛(wèi)生組織(世衛(wèi)組織)推薦的ART用于2歲以下患有HIV的兒童,并繼續(xù)在全球推廣ART,兒童的ART覆蓋率正在上升,使得感染帶來(lái)的并發(fā)癥下降。然而,兒童的抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療覆蓋率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于成人(分別為28%和58%)[14]。并且在對(duì)感染艾滋病病毒的兒童進(jìn)行有效的抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療之前,大多因心腦血管等并發(fā)癥導(dǎo)致死亡[15]。此外,兒童疾病進(jìn)展快于成人[16]。因此,除母嬰阻斷的主要干預(yù)方式外,還需要進(jìn)一步深入了解HIV-1感染兒童的發(fā)病機(jī)制與早期診斷。
本研究中,我們收集HIV-1感染兒童與正常對(duì)照兒童的外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞,通過(guò)RT-PCR檢測(cè)外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞中circRNA_000203表達(dá),發(fā)現(xiàn)circRNA_000203在HIV-1感染兒童中較正常對(duì)照兒童顯著高表達(dá),且HIV進(jìn)展患兒組中顯著高于HIV長(zhǎng)期未進(jìn)展患兒組,ART無(wú)響應(yīng)患兒組顯著高于ART響應(yīng)患兒組。HIV感染與CD4細(xì)胞被破壞或減少產(chǎn)生而逐漸喪失有關(guān)[17]。而HIV進(jìn)展會(huì)伴隨病毒載量的增加[18]。通過(guò)相關(guān)性分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),HIV-1兒童患者中circRNA_000203相對(duì)表達(dá)量與CD4細(xì)胞數(shù)成反比,與HIV-1病毒載量成正比。表明,circRNA_000203與HIV-1感染相關(guān),且可能與HIV-1感染預(yù)后不良相關(guān),circRNA_000203可能是HIV-1感染兒童的潛在診斷指標(biāo)。
當(dāng)然,我們的研究也有不足之處,首先,我們檢測(cè)的只有71對(duì)樣本,還需要進(jìn)行多中心大樣本的進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證;其次,需要在細(xì)胞、動(dòng)物水平進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證circRNA_000203調(diào)控HIV-1感染的功能與可能機(jī)制,這些將在課題組未來(lái)的研究中進(jìn)行。
總之,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了circRNA_000203與HIV-1感染兒童的關(guān)系,為HIV-1感染兒童的治療與防止進(jìn)一步惡化提供了潛在干預(yù)靶點(diǎn)與診斷指標(biāo)。
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