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3,3'-二吲哚甲烷通過(guò)抑制肝細(xì)胞的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激改善酒精性脂肪肝的研究

2022-07-18 05:14黃冰張巖楊光宇李文學(xué)
右江醫(yī)學(xué) 2022年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:酒精性肝細(xì)胞甘油三酯

黃冰 張巖 楊光宇 李文學(xué)

【摘要】目的 觀察3,3'-二吲哚甲烷(3,3’-diindolylmethane, DIM)對(duì)Lieber-DeCarli標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型(regular型)酒精液體乙醇飼料(LD飼料)誘導(dǎo)的小鼠酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用,并對(duì)其分子作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行初步探討。方法將40只6~8周齡雄性C57BL/6J小鼠隨機(jī)分為4組:正常對(duì)照組、酒精組、DIM(50 mg/kg)組和酒精+DIM(50 mg/kg)組,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后稱重,處死小鼠,收集血液和肝臟組織,分離血清測(cè)定肝功能指標(biāo),油紅O染色觀察肝臟的脂肪蓄積,Western blot檢測(cè)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激通路蛋白的表達(dá)。結(jié)果與對(duì)照組相比,DIM對(duì)肝臟沒(méi)有顯著的影響,四組之間體重?zé)o顯著變化。與酒精組相比,DIM處理組血清中谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)水平顯著降低(P<0.05),油紅O染色和甘油三酯測(cè)定顯示肝臟甘油三酯含量顯著降低(P<0.05) 。DIM明顯減輕肝臟脂肪變性,Western blot結(jié)果表明DIM能夠抑制酒精誘導(dǎo)的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)通路的關(guān)鍵蛋白PERP、eIF和CHOP的激活作用。結(jié)論DIM對(duì)小鼠酒精性脂肪肝具有一定的保護(hù)作用,其機(jī)制可能與抑制酒精激活的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激通路有關(guān)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】酒精性脂肪肝;3,3'-二吲哚甲烷;內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激;Lieber-DeCarli標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型飼料

中圖分類號(hào):R575.5文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2022.06.004

Effect of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane on improving alcoholic fatty liver

through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes

HUANG Bing, ZHANG Yan, YANG Guangyu, LI Wenxue

(Department of Toxicological and Biochemical Laboratory, Guangzhou Center for

Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China)

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo observe the effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on improving the alcoholic fatty liver of mice induced by Lieber-DeCarli standard (regular type) alcoholic liquid ethanol feed (LD feed) and preliminarily discuss its molecular mechanism of action. Methods40 male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, alcohol group, DIM (50 mg/kg) group and alcohol + DIM (50 mg/kg) group. After the experiment, the mice were weighed and then killed, and their blood and liver tissues were collected; serum were separated to determine the liver function indexes, and liver tissue were stained with oil red O to observe the fat accumulation in liver; Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. ResultsCompared with the normal control group, DIM had no significant effect on the liver, and there was no significant change in body weight among the four groups. Compared with the alcohol group, the levels of alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) in the serum of DIM group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and oil red O staining and triglyceride determination showed that the content of liver triglyceride was decreased significantly (P<0.05). DIM significantly reduced the hepatic steatosis. Western blot results showed that DIM could inhibit the alcohol-induced activation of key proteins PERP, eIF and CHOP in the endoplasmic reticulum pathways. ConclusionDIM has a certain protective effect on the alcoholic fatty liver in mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of alcohol-activated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.

【Key words】alcoholic fatty liver; 3,3'-diindolylmethane; endoplasmic reticulum stress; Lieber-DeCarli standard feed

酒精性肝?。╝lcoholic liver disease, ALD)是由于長(zhǎng)期過(guò)度攝入酒精而導(dǎo)致的一系列慢性肝臟損傷為特征的疾病。初期階段表現(xiàn)為酒精性脂肪肝(alcoholic fatty liver disease,AFLD),隨著病程的進(jìn)展進(jìn)一步演變?yōu)榫凭愿窝?、酒精性肝纖維化、酒精性肝硬化,最終可能發(fā)展為酒精性肝癌[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激(endoplasmic reticulum stress, ERS)在酒精性肝病發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程中起重要作用,在酒精暴露的小鼠肝臟中,檢測(cè)到多種未正確折疊的蛋白,此外酒精引起的氧化應(yīng)激也進(jìn)一步誘導(dǎo)了內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激激活后誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡在肝細(xì)胞損傷中起著重要的作用[2~5]。因此,設(shè)計(jì)抑制內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激激活成為尋找防治AFLD發(fā)生發(fā)展的一個(gè)方向。

吲哚-3-甲醇(indole-3-carbinol, I3C)是一種從十字花科蔬菜如蘿卜、芹菜、花椰菜等中提取而得的植物化學(xué)物,具有多種生物學(xué)功能[6~7]。3,3’-二吲哚甲烷(3,3’-diindolylmethane, DIM)是I3C在胃酸等酸性條件下發(fā)生低聚而得到的二聚物,其生物效應(yīng)比I3C更強(qiáng),在抗癌和緩解內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激方面已在體內(nèi)和體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到證實(shí)[7~9]。然而對(duì)于酒精性脂肪肝,DIM是否能夠抑制酒精誘導(dǎo)的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激作用而改善酒精性脂肪肝尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此本研究采用液體酒精飼料構(gòu)建酒精性肝病的模型,觀察DIM對(duì)酒精致肝細(xì)胞損傷的拮抗作用,并初步探討其作用機(jī)制,以期為預(yù)防和治療提供新的理論依據(jù)。

1材料與方法1.1動(dòng)物和飼料6~8周齡雄性C57BL/6J小鼠共40只,購(gòu)自廣東省醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心,體重在20~22 g,飼養(yǎng)在SPF動(dòng)物房中,室溫22~25 ℃,相對(duì)濕度55%~60%,12 h的晝夜更替。Lieber-DeCarli酒精液體飼料購(gòu)自南通特洛菲飼料科技有限公司,飼料中酒精熱量36%(酒精含量:5%,wt/V,g/100 mL),脂肪35%,蛋白質(zhì)18%,碳水化合物11%,酒精36%。酒精對(duì)照飼料脂肪35%,蛋白質(zhì)18%,碳水化合物47%。DIM購(gòu)自Sigma公司(美國(guó)),甘油三酯試劑盒購(gòu)自南京建成生物公司(中國(guó)),抗體購(gòu)自Cell Signaling Technology公司(美國(guó))。

1.2酒精性肝病動(dòng)物模型構(gòu)建小鼠隨機(jī)分為4組,①正常對(duì)照組:每天給予對(duì)照液體飼料(不含酒精);②酒精組:給予Lieber-DeCarli(LD)酒精液體飼料;③DIM 50 mg/kg組;④ DIM+LD飼料組。DIM灌胃給藥,連續(xù)給藥4周。各組小鼠造模期間每天觀察精神活動(dòng)、反應(yīng)能力、毛色等一般狀態(tài)。造模結(jié)束,稱重麻醉采血,離心取血清,肝臟稱重分裝。部分肝臟用4%多聚甲醛固定,剩余保存于-80 ℃冰箱備用。

1.3肝功能的檢查取血清按試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)方法測(cè)定血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST),采用甘油三酯檢測(cè)試劑盒檢測(cè)甘油三酯。

1.4油紅O染色取肝臟相同部分用4%多聚甲醛固定,冰凍切片,油紅O染色,顯微鏡下觀察其甘油三酯含量。

1.5Western blot于冰上提取組織蛋白,BCA試劑盒測(cè)定各樣本蛋白濃度,蛋白煮沸變性后上樣,10%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,用濕性轉(zhuǎn)膜法將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上。含5%脫脂奶粉的TBST封閉2 h后分別用一抗稀釋液稀釋的抗體4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜,洗膜3次,加入二抗稀釋液稀釋的辣根過(guò)氧化酶標(biāo)記的二抗,室溫孵育2 h,洗膜3次后加入化學(xué)發(fā)光液,采用成像系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)曝光。

1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。服從正態(tài)分布的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差描述。兩組之間各種數(shù)據(jù)采用Student’s t-test檢驗(yàn)(獨(dú)立樣本)或單因素方差分析(ANOVA),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn):α=0.05,雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn)。

2結(jié)果2.1采用Lieber-DeCarli酒精液體模型飼料建立AFLD含酒精5%,wt/V的LD飼料喂養(yǎng)小鼠4周后,小鼠體重與對(duì)照組相比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),50 mg/kg DIM和DIM聯(lián)合酒精染毒后,小鼠體重與對(duì)照組相比也無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)圖1。

2.2酒精和DIM處理小鼠后肝功能的改變酒精染毒后,小鼠肝臟的ALT和AST與對(duì)照組相比顯著升高(P<0.05),DIM單獨(dú)處理后,對(duì)肝功能沒(méi)有顯著的影響,但DIM聯(lián)合酒精染毒后,與單獨(dú)酒精染毒相比,DIM能夠顯著降低ALT和AST的含量(P<0.05),說(shuō)明DIM對(duì)酒精誘導(dǎo)的肝臟具有保護(hù)功能。結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖2。

2.3酒精和DIM處理小鼠后肝臟中甘油三酯的改變采用油紅O對(duì)肝細(xì)胞中甘油三酯染色后發(fā)現(xiàn),酒精染毒明顯增加了小鼠肝臟中甘油三酯的水平(P<0.05),DIM對(duì)肝臟中甘油三酯含量影響不明顯,但能夠顯著降低酒精誘導(dǎo)的甘油三酯的累積(P<0.05),通過(guò)定量檢測(cè)肝細(xì)胞中甘油三酯的濃度,與油紅O染色的結(jié)果吻合。結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖3。

2.4酒精和DIM處理小鼠后,肝細(xì)胞中內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激通路的改變情況內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激在酒精誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞毒性中起重要作用,因此本研究也檢測(cè)了內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)通路的關(guān)鍵蛋白PERP、eIF和CHOP。結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖4。酒精處理后,小鼠肝細(xì)胞中PERP和eIF的磷酸化明顯增加,CHOP蛋白的表達(dá)也顯著上調(diào)。DIM單獨(dú)處理對(duì)通路影響不明顯,但DIM和酒精聯(lián)合處理后,DIM能夠顯著降低PERP和eIF的磷酸化水平,CHOP的蛋白水平也出現(xiàn)顯著的下調(diào),說(shuō)明DIM能夠抑制酒精誘導(dǎo)的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激的激活。

3討論

酒精性脂肪肝是由于長(zhǎng)期過(guò)量攝入乙醇導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞脂肪代謝紊亂和脂質(zhì)在肝細(xì)胞中沉積,從而形成脂肪肝[1~2]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,乙醇暴露后小鼠肝指數(shù)增加,肝臟甘油三酯含量積聚,血清ALT和AST的水平升高,肝細(xì)胞中出現(xiàn)脂質(zhì)累積,周圍出現(xiàn)輕微的炎癥,說(shuō)明模型構(gòu)建成功。DIM作為一種具有生物活性的植物化學(xué)物,被廣泛用在緩解炎癥以及抗腫瘤的研究中[10~11]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),DIM也能夠緩解多種毒物誘導(dǎo)的急慢性肝毒性[12~13]。我們動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)DIM能夠降低乙醇暴露后引起的肝損傷,包括降低血清ALT、AST的水平,減少肝細(xì)胞脂質(zhì)沉積,改善了酒精性脂肪肝。內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激能夠介導(dǎo)甘油三酯的進(jìn)一步累積和誘導(dǎo)肝細(xì)胞凋亡,其在酒精性脂肪肝發(fā)生和發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用[14]。酒精暴露后引起氧化應(yīng)激和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞毒性和肝細(xì)胞中甘油三酯的持續(xù)累積,甘油三酯累積進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致線粒體功能紊亂,加重脂質(zhì)累積,引起惡性循環(huán),最終導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)凋亡[15]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)酒精誘導(dǎo)的肝臟脂肪變性中,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激通路被激活,與之前文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致。而DIM能夠抑制酒精誘導(dǎo)的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)通路的激活,因此可以推斷DIM可能通過(guò)此通路來(lái)逆轉(zhuǎn)酒精性脂肪肝。

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16排螺旋CT在肝細(xì)胞癌診斷中的應(yīng)用分析
中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療非酒精性脂肪肝病的臨床療效研究
高甘油三酯血癥
酒精性肝病的預(yù)防和治療
打呼嚕會(huì)導(dǎo)致血脂異常
年輕人最怕甘油三酯高
探討血清缺糖基轉(zhuǎn)鐵蛋白在酒精性肝病診斷中的價(jià)值
體檢時(shí)甘油三酯水平正常,為何仍需注意?
非酒精性脂肪肝更易變成肝硬化