陳敏
【摘要】目的:對(duì)接受宮腔鏡手術(shù)治療的患者展開(kāi)預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理并分析護(hù)理效果。方法:將187例行宮腔鏡手術(shù)的患者根據(jù)隨機(jī)抽樣方法分為對(duì)照組(n=93)和實(shí)驗(yàn)組(n=94),對(duì)比兩組在不同護(hù)理模式下的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況和相關(guān)護(hù)理指標(biāo)。結(jié)果:兩組患者主要并發(fā)癥包括陰道流血、腹脹、腹痛、感染、水中毒,其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為5.32%,對(duì)照組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為17.20%,觀(guān)察組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間較對(duì)照組短(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者護(hù)理總滿(mǎn)意度為95.74%,對(duì)照組患者護(hù)理總滿(mǎn)意度為83.87%,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者護(hù)理總滿(mǎn)意度較對(duì)照組高(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理能夠針對(duì)宮腔鏡術(shù)后可能出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥進(jìn)行有效地預(yù)防與干預(yù),對(duì)降低各項(xiàng)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率有積極的影響,可以促使患者早日下床活動(dòng),促進(jìn)其及早恢復(fù),從而能夠縮減住院時(shí)間,提高其對(duì)護(hù)理的滿(mǎn)意度。
【關(guān)鍵詞】預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理;宮腔鏡術(shù)后;并發(fā)癥
Application of predictive nursing in hysteroscopy and prevention of complications
CHEN Min
Pucheng County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weinan, Shaanxi 715500, China
【Abstract】Objective: To carry out predictive nursing for patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery and analyze the nursing effect. Methods: 187 patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery were randomly divided into control group (n=93) and experimental group (n=94). The complications and related nursing indexes of the two groups under different nursing modes were compared. Results: The main complications of the two groups included vaginal bleeding, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, infection and water poisoning. The incidence of complications of patients in the experimental group was 5.32%, and that of patients in the control group was 17.20%. The incidence of complications of patients in the observation group was lower than that of patients in the control group (P<0.05). The time of getting out of bed and hospitalization of patients in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total nursing satisfaction of patients in the experimental group was 95.74%, and that of patients in the control group was 83.87%. The total nursing satisfaction of patients in the experimental group was higher than that of patients in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Predictive nursing can effectively prevent and intervene the possible complications after hysteroscopy, and has a positive impact on reducing the incidence of various complications. It can promote the patients to get out of bed as soon as possible, promote their early recovery, so as to reduce the hospitalization time and improve their satisfaction with nursing.
【Key Words】Predictive nursing; After hysteroscopy; Complications
應(yīng)用宮腔鏡為患者進(jìn)行檢查時(shí)能夠直接了解到患者子宮腔內(nèi)的病變情況,而應(yīng)用宮腔鏡技術(shù)進(jìn)行手術(shù),是目前為患有婦科疾病的患者進(jìn)行治療的常見(jiàn)方式。宮腔鏡手術(shù)一般指以宮腔鏡作為輔助進(jìn)行的微創(chuàng)手術(shù),其能夠比較準(zhǔn)確地診斷和治療宮腔內(nèi)疾病,對(duì)于宮腔內(nèi)的各種改變進(jìn)行觀(guān)察,明確做出診斷,但宮腔鏡手術(shù)亦非絕對(duì)安全,術(shù)后易發(fā)生多種并發(fā)癥,因此護(hù)理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,所以需要對(duì)患者展開(kāi)有效的護(hù)理干預(yù)[1-2]。預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理指的是護(hù)士采用護(hù)理程度全面分析和判斷患者疾病情況,提前對(duì)可能存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行預(yù)估,從而采取科學(xué)的護(hù)理措施,避免護(hù)理并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,最終使護(hù)理效果和患者的滿(mǎn)意度能夠明顯提 高[3-4],本次研究對(duì)預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理措施進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)述,并分析了能否對(duì)宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
1.1 一般資料
病例數(shù)及時(shí)間:2019年2月—2022年2月,共187例,選擇樣本:于我院接受宮腔鏡手術(shù)進(jìn)行治療的患者,通過(guò)隨機(jī)分組,以對(duì)照組(n=93)和實(shí)驗(yàn)組(n=94)進(jìn)行區(qū)分。對(duì)照組,年齡24~75歲,平均年齡(42.85±5.69)歲,病程7~16d,平均病程(13.14±2.13)d,實(shí)驗(yàn)組,年齡26~70歲,平均年齡(43.60±6.2)歲,病程8~15d,平均病程(12.88±2.32)d。一般資料組間差異不對(duì)后續(xù)研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響,P>0.05。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患者均經(jīng)過(guò)明確診斷,具有相關(guān)疾病資料,均知情同意且自愿參與;②無(wú)凝血功能異常;③可正常溝通交流。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并惡性腫瘤,或者影響本文研究的其他疾病者;②存在局部感染現(xiàn)象,或免疫系統(tǒng)疾病者;③臨床資料無(wú)法完整收集者;④對(duì)此次研究不愿意參與者。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組接受常規(guī)護(hù)理,包括基礎(chǔ)宣教、用藥指導(dǎo)、生活指導(dǎo)等。
實(shí)驗(yàn)組接受預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理:(1)為患者進(jìn)行針對(duì)性心理護(hù)理,向其介紹宮腔鏡手術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)、效果、成功案例等,增強(qiáng)患者康復(fù)信心,提高其配合度。(2)術(shù)后對(duì)患者陰道流血情況進(jìn)行密切監(jiān)測(cè),并對(duì)血流量、顏色等進(jìn)行記錄,若存在血量增加、流血時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)等不良事件需立即告知醫(yī)師,并協(xié)助處理,同時(shí)保持患者陰道清潔與衛(wèi)生[5]。(3)需評(píng)估患者腹痛程度,詢(xún)問(wèn)其主觀(guān)感受,做好疼痛護(hù)理,并指導(dǎo)患者深呼吸、放松腹部等緩解腹痛,密切觀(guān)察患者是否存在血尿、腹瀉、發(fā)熱等癥狀,若存在異常需及時(shí)進(jìn)行檢查,預(yù)防子宮穿孔。(4)需定時(shí)協(xié)助患者變換體位,可叮囑患者家屬為患者按摩腹部,同時(shí)可鼓勵(lì)患者早期下床活動(dòng),促進(jìn)胃腸功能恢復(fù)。(5)密切觀(guān)察患者有無(wú)胸悶、煩躁不安等癥狀,并限制其水分?jǐn)z入,同時(shí)予以利尿劑,預(yù)防水中毒發(fā)生。(6)術(shù)前對(duì)手術(shù)器械進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格消毒,并在術(shù)中保持無(wú)菌操作,術(shù)后需保持患者會(huì)陰部清潔,并及時(shí)更換護(hù)理墊,避免感染發(fā)生。
1.3 觀(guān)察指標(biāo)
(1)并發(fā)癥:記錄兩組患者陰道流血、腹脹、腹痛、感染、水中毒等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。(2)護(hù)理指標(biāo):記錄兩組下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間,并使用科室自擬護(hù)理滿(mǎn)意度問(wèn)卷了解患者對(duì)護(hù)理的滿(mǎn)意度。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 28.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(χ±s) 表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為5.32%,對(duì)照組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為17.20%,組間差異明顯(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組患者護(hù)理指標(biāo)比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間較對(duì)照組短差異明顯(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者護(hù)理總滿(mǎn)意度為95.74%,對(duì)照組患者護(hù)理總滿(mǎn)意度為83.87%,組間差異明顯(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
在微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展下,宮腔鏡技術(shù)也隨之產(chǎn)生并在臨床上廣泛應(yīng)用,該手術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)較多,如創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)中出血量少、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快等,用于婦科疾病的治療有較強(qiáng)實(shí)用性[6-7]。但是該手術(shù)在治療后若是護(hù)理不到位也會(huì)導(dǎo)致較多并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,例如宮腔內(nèi)感染、陰道出血、子宮穿孔等,導(dǎo)致患者的手術(shù)治療效果受到影響,同時(shí)也不利于術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量的提升。因此為了能夠保障宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者在術(shù)后的安全性,使患者在術(shù)后能夠及早康復(fù),就需要落實(shí)有效的護(hù)理干預(yù),以便降低并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),使手術(shù)療效得到保障。
本次研究所應(yīng)用的預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理具有前瞻性、針對(duì)性的特點(diǎn),能夠通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)手術(shù)后存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并基于患者的護(hù)理需求制定出個(gè)體化的護(hù)理方案,從而可以保障術(shù)后安全。將其應(yīng)用在宮腔鏡術(shù)后,能夠使護(hù)理人員重視不良事件對(duì)患者的不利影響,從而可以對(duì)患者進(jìn)行前瞻性的預(yù)判和護(hù)理指導(dǎo),給予患者更為周密的護(hù)理干預(yù),還能夠有效地規(guī)范患者的認(rèn)知行為,改善負(fù)性情緒,提高配合度,進(jìn)而可以提高手術(shù)的治療效果[8]。研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組經(jīng)不同護(hù)理模式干預(yù)后,在并發(fā)癥、住院時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、護(hù)理滿(mǎn)意度等方面的指標(biāo)均存在差異性(P<0.05)。患者的不良心理會(huì)導(dǎo)致其治療依從性、配合度大大降低,因此重點(diǎn)關(guān)注患者的心理狀態(tài),通過(guò)講解手術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)、分享成功案例等,能夠使患者了解到手術(shù)效果,認(rèn)識(shí)到手術(shù)的有效性,從而可以使其不良情緒在專(zhuān)業(yè)的心理干預(yù)下得到有效的緩解?;颊咴谛g(shù)后易出現(xiàn)陰道出血的情況,因此加強(qiáng)密切監(jiān)測(cè),并記錄血量、顏色、流血時(shí)間等對(duì)減少陰道出血有積極影響,尤其是針對(duì)陰道異常出血情況患者更應(yīng)及時(shí)報(bào)告醫(yī)師處理,以便提前干預(yù)不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者腹脹、腹痛的預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理,能夠加快患者排氣,并能夠?qū)ψ訉m穿孔的發(fā)生做到及時(shí)預(yù)防,有利于促進(jìn)患者早日下床活動(dòng)。另外,感染是影響患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)的重要因素,因此加強(qiáng)術(shù)前、術(shù)中及術(shù)后的感染預(yù)防,能夠有效避免患者發(fā)生感染,從而可以保證手術(shù)治療效果。
綜上所述,加強(qiáng)對(duì)宮腔鏡術(shù)后患者的觀(guān)察,并為患者提供飲食、心理、并發(fā)癥等方面的預(yù)見(jiàn)性護(hù)理,能夠使并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)得到進(jìn)一步的控制,同時(shí)也能夠使患者的治療依從性和配合度得以提升,進(jìn)而可以保證宮腔鏡的手術(shù)治療效果,提升生活質(zhì)量,加快康復(fù)進(jìn)程。
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