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廣藿香內(nèi)生真菌撕裂耙齒菌A878次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物研究

2023-02-21 06:37:48王諾依劉洪新陳玉嬋章衛(wèi)民高曉霞1
中草藥 2023年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:耙齒醋酸乙酯硅膠

王諾依,劉洪新,陳玉嬋,章衛(wèi)民,高曉霞1

?化學(xué)成分 ?

廣藿香內(nèi)生真菌撕裂耙齒菌A878次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物研究

王諾依1, 2,劉洪新2,陳玉嬋2,章衛(wèi)民2*,高曉霞1*

1. 廣東藥科大學(xué)藥學(xué)院,廣東 廣州 510006 2. 廣東省科學(xué)院微生物研究所華南應(yīng)用微生物國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣東省菌種保藏與應(yīng)用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣東 廣州 510070

廣藿香;內(nèi)生真菌;撕裂耙齒菌;次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物;生物活性;撕裂耙齒菌內(nèi)酯A;撕裂耙齒菌內(nèi)酯B;細(xì)胞松弛素J;狄瑟酚A

真菌次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物具有結(jié)構(gòu)新穎、活性顯著等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是開發(fā)新藥的重要來(lái)源之一[1]。植物內(nèi)生真菌是指生存在健康的植物組織內(nèi),在長(zhǎng)期共生和遺傳進(jìn)化過(guò)程中與宿主植物形成互利共生的一類特殊菌群[2-3],因其特殊的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境進(jìn)化出獨(dú)特的代謝途徑。眾多的科學(xué)研究表明,植物內(nèi)生真菌能夠產(chǎn)生豐富的活性次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物,如生物堿、萜、聚酮、肽等多種類型的天然產(chǎn)物[4],在醫(yī)藥、工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和環(huán)境等行業(yè)有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。

廣藿香(Blanco) Benth.是連花清瘟膠囊等30多種中成藥的主要原料,在臨床應(yīng)用、化妝品、香料的原材料等領(lǐng)域有著巨大的市場(chǎng)潛能。前人化學(xué)成分研究表明,廣藿香植物含有甾體、醇、萜等多種類型次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物[5],這些次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗腫瘤、抗菌等多種藥理活性[6]。植物內(nèi)生真菌可以產(chǎn)生與宿主植物相同或相似的化合物,以往對(duì)廣藿香內(nèi)生真菌次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物的研究中已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多具有生物活性的次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物,如抑菌活性化合物鏈格孢毒素VII(altertoxin VII)[7]、抗腫瘤化合物小穴殼菌酮O(dothiorelone O)和異旋孢腔醌(isocochlioquinones)D~E等[8-9]。

1 儀器與材料

1.1 儀器

AVANCE III型500 MHz核磁共振波譜儀(瑞士Bruker公司);LC-20A半制備型高效液相色譜儀(日本島津公司);EasySep-1050全制備型高效液相色譜儀(上海通微分析技術(shù)有限公司);PZ1000B型旋轉(zhuǎn)式大容量普通搖床(武漢瑞華儀器設(shè)備有限公司);AX224ZH/E電子天平(OHAUS公司);MD-S2顯微熔點(diǎn)儀(Yanagimoto Seisakusho 有限公司)。

1.2 試劑

正相柱色譜硅膠(100~200、200~300目,青島海灣精細(xì)化工有限公司);C18反相硅膠(40~75 μm,F(xiàn)uji Silysia Chemical Ltd.);Sephadex LH-20(18~110 μm,Amersham Biosciences Ltd.);YMC-pack ODS-A色譜柱(250 mm×10 mm,5 μm,12 nm,YMC公司);所有化學(xué)試劑均為分析純(廣州化學(xué)試劑廠)或色譜純(美國(guó)BCR公司)。

1.3 菌株與細(xì)胞

實(shí)驗(yàn)所用菌株A878是從廣東省陽(yáng)春市廣藿香葉中分離得到,廣藿香由廣東藥科大學(xué)中藥學(xué)院嚴(yán)寒靜教授鑒定為廣藿香(Blanco) Benth.。分離培養(yǎng)基采用麥芽糖培養(yǎng)基,經(jīng)ITS序列鑒定為撕裂耙齒菌(N. Maek., Suhara & R. Kondo) C.C. Chen & Sheng H. Wu,基因登錄號(hào)為OP748374,菌株保存于廣東省科學(xué)院微生物研究所。

SF-268細(xì)胞、MCF-7細(xì)胞、HepG2細(xì)胞和A549細(xì)胞購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院細(xì)胞研究所。

圖1 化合物1~12的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)

阿霉素(Lot#H1421045)和吲哚美辛(Lot#F1905137)均購(gòu)自阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。

2 方法

2.1 菌株發(fā)酵

將活化后的菌株撕裂耙齒菌A878均勻接入PDB培養(yǎng)基(馬鈴薯200 g/L、葡萄糖20 g/L、KH2PO43 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 1.5 g/L、維生素B110 mg/L)中,在28 ℃、120 r/min振蕩培養(yǎng)3 d,待長(zhǎng)出明顯的菌絲球轉(zhuǎn)接到大米培養(yǎng)基(大米250 g、純凈水380 mL)的錐形瓶(3 L)中,在28 ℃靜置培養(yǎng)33 d,發(fā)酵規(guī)模15瓶。

2.2 提取與分離

用適量的醋酸乙酯對(duì)發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物提取4次,減壓濃縮后得到粗提物76.8 g。粗提物經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜分離,首先用石油醚-醋酸乙酯(1∶0~0∶1)梯度洗脫,再以醋酸乙酯-甲醇(10∶1)等度洗脫,最后用純甲醇沖洗硅膠柱。流分經(jīng)TLC分析,合并主斑點(diǎn)相同的流分得到10個(gè)組分Fr. 1~10。當(dāng)菌株A878粗提物過(guò)正相硅膠色譜柱,正己烷-醋酸乙酯(4∶1)洗脫時(shí),流分中會(huì)析出白色針狀晶體,用甲醇反復(fù)洗滌晶體純化,即可得到化合物11(6.5 mg)。Fr. 3粗組分中則會(huì)析出大量淡黃色晶體,用甲醇溶劑反復(fù)洗滌純化,進(jìn)而得到化合物8(10.0 g)。

Fr. 4經(jīng)反相硅膠柱色譜,用50%~100%甲醇水梯度洗脫,得8個(gè)亞組分Fr. 4-1~4-8;Fr. 4-1通過(guò)正相硅膠柱色譜,正己烷-醋酸乙酯(3∶1~1∶5)梯度洗脫,得到3個(gè)組分Fr. 4-1-1~4-1-3;Fr. 4-1-1經(jīng)半制備HPLC(甲醇-水75∶25,2.0 mL/min)純化,得到化合物7(6.8 mg)。Fr.4-1-3經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,用二氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶1~60∶1)梯度洗脫得到化合物12(17.4 mg)。Fr. 4-3通過(guò)凝膠柱色譜,用二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫,得到化合物10(5.1 mg)。Fr. 4-4過(guò)正相硅膠柱色譜,正己烷-醋酸乙酯(3∶1~2∶1)洗脫,得到4個(gè)組分Fr. 4-4-1~4-4-4。Fr. 4-4-4再經(jīng)HPLC(甲醇-水72∶28,2.0 mL/min)純化得到化合物9(4.0 mg)。

Fr. 5經(jīng)反相硅膠柱色譜,用50%~100%甲醇梯度洗4個(gè)亞組分Fr. 5-1~5-4,F(xiàn)r. 5-2經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(2∶1)洗脫純化,得到化合物3(4.3 mg)。Fr. 5-1通過(guò)凝膠柱色譜,甲醇洗脫得到3個(gè)組分Fr. 5-1-1~5-1-3。Fr. 5-1-1再經(jīng)HPLC大量制備(乙腈-水35∶65,6.0 mL/min)純化,得到化合物4(5.0 mg)。

Fr. 6經(jīng)反相硅膠柱色譜,50%~100%甲醇梯度洗脫,得到8個(gè)亞組分Fr. 6-1~6-8;Fr. 6-6通過(guò)正相硅膠柱色譜,正己烷-醋酸乙酯(3∶2)洗脫得到2個(gè)組分Fr. 6-6-1~6-6-2;Fr. 6-6-1繼續(xù)用正相硅膠柱色譜,正己烷-醋酸乙酯(1∶1)純化,得到化合物5(15.0 mg)。Fr. 6-6-2通過(guò)凝膠柱色譜,甲醇洗脫,得到Fr. 6-6-2-1。Fr. 6-6-2-1再經(jīng)半制備HPLC(甲醇-水65∶35,2.0 mL/min)純化,得到化合物6(5.0 mg)。Fr. 6-8析出晶體,用甲醇反復(fù)洗滌晶體純化,得到化合物1(2.9 mg)。

Fr. 7經(jīng)反相硅膠柱色譜,甲醇-水(50∶50~100∶0)梯度洗脫,得到7個(gè)組分Fr. 7-1~7-7。Fr. 7-1經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,正己烷-醋酸乙酯(2∶1~1∶5)梯度洗脫,得到3個(gè)組分Fr. 7-1-1~7-1-3;Fr. 7-1-3經(jīng)凝膠柱色譜(甲醇)洗脫得到Fr. 7-1-3-1~7-1-3-4;Fr. 7-1-3-1再通過(guò)正相硅膠柱色譜,二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶0~30∶1)洗脫,得到Fr. 7-1-3-1-1~7-1-3-1-4。Fr. 7-1-3-1-3組分經(jīng)反復(fù)重結(jié)晶得到化合物2(10.0 mg)。

3 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定

化合物1:白色針狀晶體(甲醇),mp 219~220 ℃。紫外光譜顯示化合物1在311 (4.48)、267 (4.47)、209 (5.12) nm處有最大吸收。紅外光譜表明該化合物具有羰基(1703 cm?1)的吸收峰。HR-ESI-MS譜給出準(zhǔn)分子離子峰/283.080 9(計(jì)算值為283.081 2),可以確定化合物的分子式為C12H15O7,氫譜(表1)顯示2個(gè)雙鍵質(zhì)子信號(hào)H6.95 (1H, s, H-5) 和6.56 (1H, d,= 1.2 Hz, H-8)、1個(gè)亞甲基信號(hào)H4.82 (2H, s, H-12)、2個(gè)甲基信號(hào)H2.37 (3H, s, H-10) 和1.99 (3H, s, H-14)、1個(gè)甲氧基信號(hào)H4.05 (3H, s, H-11)。碳譜表明化合物1共有13個(gè)碳信號(hào)。根據(jù)HMBC譜(圖2),H-5到C-3、C-4、C-6的相關(guān)信號(hào)以及1組碳信號(hào)(C162.3、101.3、169.3、97.8、167.3)表明化合物1為吡喃內(nèi)酯類衍生物[10]。雙鍵氫信號(hào)H-8到C-6、C-9和C-10的HMBC相關(guān)信號(hào)表明化合物1中有1個(gè)甲基丁烯酸片段連接在吡喃環(huán)的C-6位上。此外,由甲氧基信號(hào)H3-12與C-4的HMBC相關(guān)信號(hào)可以得出甲氧基位于吡喃環(huán)的C-4位上。同時(shí),連氧亞甲基信號(hào)H2-11與C-2、C-4和C-13的HMBC相關(guān),表明亞甲基連在吡喃環(huán)的C-3位,并且被1個(gè)乙?;〈;衔?在常溫下靜置于甲醇溶液中可析出白色針狀結(jié)晶,因而獲得了化合物1的單晶結(jié)構(gòu)(圖3),證實(shí)化合物1的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示,為1個(gè)新的吡喃內(nèi)酯類化合物,命名為撕裂耙齒菌內(nèi)酯A(irpexone A)。

表1 化合物1和2的1H-和13C-NMR波譜數(shù)據(jù)(500/125 MHz, DMSO-d6)

圖2 化合物1和2的HMBC相關(guān)圖

圖3 化合物1和2的單晶結(jié)構(gòu)圖

化合物2:白色針狀晶體(甲醇),mp 194~195 ℃,分子式為C10H10O5。紫外光譜顯示化合物2在340 (4.89)、277 (4.49)、235 (5.38) nm處有最大吸收?;衔?的核磁譜圖與化合物1的相似,推測(cè)其母核結(jié)構(gòu)也為吡喃內(nèi)酯類?;衔?比1缺少了2個(gè)碳信號(hào)(C170.8、21.1),它們正好是乙?;奶夹盘?hào),從而推測(cè)化合物2為C-12位沒(méi)有被乙?;〈?。這一推測(cè)被進(jìn)一步的2D NMR譜圖分析及單晶衍射實(shí)驗(yàn)得以證實(shí)(圖3)。因而,化合物2的結(jié)構(gòu)確定如圖1所示,為1個(gè)新的吡喃內(nèi)酯類化合物,命名為撕裂耙齒菌內(nèi)酯B(irpexone B)。

化合物3:白色固體,ESI-MS/: 516.3 [M+Na]+,分子式為C30H39NO5;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD3COCD3): 3.18 (1H, m, H-3), 2.13 (1H, t,= 4.2 Hz, H-4), 2.69 (1H, m, H-5), 3.81 (1H, d,= 10.8 Hz, H-7), 2.91 (1H, m, H-8), 2.78 (1H, m, H-10a), 2.27 (1H, m, H-10b), 1.00 (3H, d,= 6.9 Hz, H-11), 4.93 (1H, s, H-12a), 5.17 (1H, s, H-12b), 5.72 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 10.2 Hz, H-13), 5.26 (1H, m, H-14), 2.03 (1H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-15a), 1.78 (1H, m, H-15b), 1.77 (1H, m, H-16), 1.53 (1H, m, H-17a), 1.86 (1H, m, H-17b), 5.86 (1H, dd,= 16.7, 2.2 Hz, H-19), 5.55 (1H, m, H-20), 5.50 (1H, s, H-21), 0.64 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-22),1.25 (3H, s, H-23) 2.27 (3H, s, H-25), 7.24 (2H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 7.31 (2H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 7.24 (1H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-4′);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CD3COCD3): 174.2 (C-1), 53.3 (C-3), 48.9 (C-4), 32.3 (C-5), 150.6 (C-6), 70.8 (C-7), 47.0 (C-8), 52.0 (C-9), 44.7 (C-10), 13.0 (C-11), 111.4 (C-12), 128.5 (C-13), 136.0 (C-14), 43.1 (C-15), 28.1 (C-16), 54.0 (C-17), 72.8 (C-18), 126.0 (C-19), 138.2 (C-20), 77.1 (C-21), 25.7 (C-22), 30.6 (C-23), 137.7 (C-1), 129.7 (C-2), 128.4 (C-3), 126.5 (C-4), 128.4 (C-5), 129.7 (C-6), 170.0 (C-24), 19.9 (C-25)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[11],故鑒定化合物3為細(xì)胞松弛素H。

化合物4:白色固體,ESI-MS/: 474.3 [M+Na]+,分子式為C28H37NO4;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 3.31 (1H, m, H-3), 2.60 (1H, t,= 4.2 Hz, H-4), 2.92 (1H, m, H-5), 3.83 (1H, d,= 10.8 Hz, H-7), 2.91 (1H, m, H-8), 2.92 (1H, dd,= 13.2, 4.2 Hz, H-10a), 2.60 (1H, m, H-10b), 1.11 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-11), 5.34 (1H, s, H-12a), 5.12 (1H, s, H-12b), 5.74 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 10.2 Hz, H-13), 5.35 (1H, m, H-14), 2.03 (1H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-15a), 1.79 (1H, m, H-15b), 1.79 (1H, m, H-16), 1.89 (1H, dd,= 14.4, 3.0 Hz, H-17a), 1.58 (1H, m, H-17b), 5.74 (1H, dd,= 2.2, 16.8 Hz, H-19), 6.00 (1H, dd,= 16.8, 2.6 Hz, H-20), 4.08 (1H, dd,= 2.6, 2.2 Hz, H-21), 1.05 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-22), 1.36 (3H, s, H-23), 7.17 (2H, dd,= 8.0, 1.3 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 7.33 (2H, dd,= 8.0, 7.2 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 7.27 (1H, dd,= 7.2, 1.3 Hz, H-4′);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 176.1 (C-1), 54.0 (C-3), 50.1 (C-4), 33.0 (C-5), 148.5 (C-6), 69.9 (C-7), 45.9 (C-8), 53.1 (C-9), 45.5 (C-10), 14.1 (C-11), 113.8 (C-12), 127.8 (C-13), 137.8 (C-14), 42.8 (C-15), 28.5 (C-16), 53.8 (C-17), 74.6 (C-18), 137.1 (C-19), 130.9 (C-20), 76.6 (C-21), 26.5 (C-22), 31.0 (C-23), 137.6 (C-1), 129.2 (C-2), 128.8 (C-3), 127.8 (C-4), 128.8 (C-5), 129.2 (C-6)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[12],故鑒定化合物4為細(xì)胞松弛素J。

化合物5:白色固體,ESI-MS/: 488.3 [M+Na]+,分子式為C29H39NO4;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 3.33 (1H, m, H-3), 2.61 (1H, t,= 4.2 Hz, H-4), 2.93 (1H, m, H-5), 3.84 (1H, d,= 10.8 Hz, H-7), 2.93 (1H, m, H-8),2.93 (1H, m, H-10a), 2.58 (1H, m, H-10b), 1.11 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-11), 5.35 (1H, s, H-12a), 5.13 (1H, s, H-12b), 5.75 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 10.2 Hz, H-13), 5.39 (1H, m, H-14), 2.07 (1H, m, H-15a), 1.77 (1H, m, H-15b), 1.77 (1H, m, H-16), 2.01 (1H, m, H-17a), 1.72 (1H, m, H-17b), 5.75 (1H, dd,= 2.4, 14.4 Hz, H-19), 6.01 (1H, dd,= 16.8, 2.4 Hz, H-20), 4.15 (1H, m, H-21), 0.99 (3H, d,= 6.0 Hz, H-22), 1.29 (3H, s, H-23), 3.23 (3H, s, H-24), 7.17 (2H, dd,= 8.0, 1.3 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 7.34 (2H, dd,= 8.0, 7.2 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 7.27 (1H, dd,= 7.2, 1.3 Hz, H-4′);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 175.5 (C-1), 53.8 (C-3), 50.6 (C-4), 33.0 (C-5), 148.4 (C-6), 70.0 (C-7), 45.9 (C-8), 52.8 (C-9), 45.7 (C-10), 13.9 (C-11), 113.8 (C-12), 127.9 (C-13), 137.6 (C-14), 42.9 (C-15), 27.8 (C-16), 51.5 (C-17), 78.9 (C-18), 136.8 (C-19), 131.3 (C-20), 77.1 (C-21), 26.1 (C-22), 24.4 (C-23), 50.5 (C-24), 137.6 (C-1), 129.1 (C-2), 128.9 (C-3), 127.1 (C-4), 128.9 (C-5), 129.1 (C-6)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[11],故鑒定化合物5為18-甲氧基細(xì)胞松弛素J。

化合物6:白色固體,ESI-MS/: 474.3 [M+Na]+,分子式為C28H37NO4;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 3.56 (1H, m, H-3), 2.46 (1H, t,= 4.2 Hz, H-4), 1.60 (1H, m, H-5), 2.77 (1H, d,= 10.8 Hz, H-7), 2.41 (1H, m, H-8),2.88 (1H, m, H-10a), 3.50 (1H, m, H-10b), 1.09 (3H, d,= 7.7 Hz, H-11), 1.39 (3H, s, H-12), 5.86 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 10.2 Hz, H-13), 5.22 (1H, m, H-14), 1.91 (1H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-15a), 1.60 (1H, m, H-15b), 1.77 (1H, m, H-16), 1.60 (1H, m, H-17a), 1.39 (1H, m, H-17b), 5.72 (1H, dd,= 2.2, 16.7 Hz, H-19), 5.95 (1H, m, H-20), 4.26 (1H, s, H-21), 1.06 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-22), 1.25 (3H, s, H-23), 7.20 (2H, d,= 7.4 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 7.36 (2H, d,= 7.4 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 7.29 (1H, d,= 7.4 Hz, H-4′);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 178.4 (C-1), 54.3 (C-3), 51.2 (C-4), 36.7 (C-5), 57.3 (C-6), 63.2 (C-7), 44.1 (C-8), 54.9 (C-9), 42.7 (C-10), 12.8 (C-11), 19.8 (C-12), 128.4 (C-13), 136.8 (C-14), 46.3 (C-15), 30.9 (C-16), 53.7 (C-17), 74.6 (C-18), 134.8 (C-19), 130.4 (C-20), 75.5 (C-21), 26.4 (C-22), 28.2 (C-23), 137.3 (C-1), 129.2 (C-2), 129.0 (C-3), 127.2 (C-4), 129.0 (C-5), 129.2 (C-6)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[13],故鑒定化合物6為去乙?;?xì)胞松弛素H。

化合物7:白色固體,ESI-MS/: 456.3 [M+Na]+,分子式為C28H35NO3;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 3.36 (1H, m, H-3), 2.52 (1H, m, H-4), 3.02 (1H, m, H-5), 4.10 (1H, d,= 13.0, 2.0Hz, H-7), 2.48 (1H, m, H-8),2.99 (1H, m, H-10a), 2.52 (1H, m, H-10b), 1.26 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-11), 5.41 (1H, s, H-12a), 5.23 (1H, s, H-12b), 1.85 (1H, m, H-13), 3.71 (1H, m, H-14), 1.99 (1H, m, H-15a), 1.41 (1H, m, H-15b), 2.13 (1H, m, H-16), 5.26 (1H, m, H-17), 2.34 (1H, dd,= 14.4, 2.4 Hz, H-19), 2.64 (2H, m, H-20a), 1.96 (2H, m, H-20b), 3.80 (1H, m, H-21), 1.10 (3H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-22), 1.74 (3H, s, H-23), 7.17 (2H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-2′, 6′), 7.34 (2H, t,= 7.2 Hz, H-3′, 5′), 7.27 (1H, t,= 7.2 Hz, H-4′);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 175.7 (C-1), 53.4 (C-3), 47.4 (C-4), 30.4 (C-5), 149.2 (C-6), 77.0 (C-7), 43.9 (C-8), 48.4 (C-9), 45.5 (C-10), 15.0 (C-11), 113.8 (C-12), 45.0 (C-13), 88.0 (C-14), 40.0 (C-15), 30.4 (C-16), 133.4 (C-17), 138.3 (C-18), 35.4 (C-19), 34.7 (C-20), 71.1 (C-21), 24.7 (C-22), 23.7 (C-23), 137.2 (C-1), 129.3 (C-2), 128.9 (C-3), 127.1 (C-4), 128.9 (C-5), 129.3 (C-6)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[12],故鑒定化合物7為細(xì)胞松弛素J3。

化合物9:黃色固體,ESI-MS/: 689.2 [M+Na]+,分子式為C34H34O14;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 14.0 (2H, s, 8, 8-OH), 12.0 (2H, s, 1, 1-OH), 7.42 (2H, d,= 8.4 Hz, H-3,3), 6.55 (2H, d,= 8.4 Hz, H-4, 4), 5.70 (2H, s, H-5, 5), 4.12 (2H, d,= 13.1 Hz, H-12a, 12a), 3.55 (2H, d,= 13.1 Hz, H-12b, 12b), 2.45 (2H, m, H-7b, 7b), 2.46 (2H, m, H-6, 6), 2.33 (2H, m, H-7, 7), 1.10 (6H, d,= 5.3 Hz, H-11, 11), 2.12 (6H, s, COOMe-12, 12);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 159.5 (C-1, 1), 117.9 (C-2, 2), 140.1 (C-3, 3), 107.9 (C-4, 4), 159.5 (C-4a, 4a), 70.2 (C-5, 5), 27.7 (C-6, 6), 33.4 (C-7, 7), 178.0 (C-8, 8), 100.8 (C-8a, 8a), 187.7 (C-9, 9), 106.4 (C-9a, 9a), 82.5 (C-10a, 10a), 17.6 (C-11, 11), 65.6 (C-12, 12), 170.6 (C-11, 11), 20.9 (COOMe-12, 12)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[15],故鑒定化合物9為狄瑟酚A。

化合物10:黃色固體,ESI-MS/: 323.1 [M+Na]+,分子式為C16H12O6;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD): 6.24 (1H, s, H-3), 6.28 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-6), 6.26 (1H, d,= 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.36 (1H, d,= 2.4 Hz, H-10), 6.24 (1H, d,= 2.4 Hz, H-14), 2.22 (3H, s, H-15);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD): 166.6 (C-1), 112.3 (C-2), 183.4 (C-3), 112.6 (C-4), 140.4 (C-4a), 109.5 (C-5), 160.7 (C-6), 99.4 (C-7), 157.9 (C-8), 100.7 (C-8a), 104.8 (C-9), 159.7 (C-9a), 162.7 (C-10a), 165.3 (C-11), 99.4 (C-12), 19.7 (Me-15)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[16],故鑒定化合物10為桔青霉三酚A。

化合物11:白色針狀晶體(甲醇),ESI-MS/: 419.3 [M+Na]+,分子式為C28H44O;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 3.66 (1H, m, H-3), 5.60 (1H, m, H-6), 5.41 (1H, m, H-7), 0.66 (3H, s, H-18), 0.97 (3H, m, H-19), 0.94 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-21), 5.22 (2H, m, H-22, 23), 0.78 (6H, d,= 6.4 Hz, H-26, 27), 1.06 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-28);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 39.2 (C-1), 32.1 (C-2), 70.5 (C-3), 37.0 (C-4), 139.8 (C-5), 119.6 (C-6), 116.3 (C-7), 141.4 (C-8), 46.3 (C-9), 38.4 (C-10), 21.1 (C-11, 12), 42.9 (C-13), 54.6 (C-14), 23.0 (C-15), 20.6 (C-16), 55.8 (C-17), 12.1 (C-18), 20.4 (C-19), 20.4 (C-20), 20.4 (C-21), 135.7 (C-22), 132.1 (C-23), 42.9 (C-24), 33.1 (C-25), 19.5 (C-26), 20.0 (C-27), 17.6 (C-28)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[17],故鑒定化合物11為(22,24)-麥角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇。

化合物12:無(wú)色油狀物,ESI-MS/: 209.2 [M+Na]+,分子式為C10H12O6;1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD): 3.53 (1H, brs, H-2), 1.95 (1H, m, H-3a), 1.80 (1H, m, H-3b), 1.95 (1H, m, H-5a), 1.85 (1H, m, H-5b), 1.44 (2H, m, H-6), 1.63 (3H, s, H-7), 0.93 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-8), 0.93 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-9), 1.25 (3H, s, H-10);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CD3OD): 70.6 (C-1), 74.3 (C-2), 33.4 (C-3), 74.3 (C-4), 29.0 (C-5), 28.9 (C-6), 37.6 (C-7), 15.8 (C-8), 15.7 (C-9), 25.7 (C-10)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[18],故鑒定化合物12為1,2,4-三羥基-對(duì)-薄荷烷。

4 活性測(cè)試結(jié)果

4.1 抗腫瘤活性

采用SRB法[19]對(duì)化合物1~12進(jìn)行體外細(xì)胞毒活性評(píng)價(jià),供試腫瘤細(xì)胞株為SF-268、MCF-7、HepG2、A549,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照為阿霉素。測(cè)試表明(表2),化合物4、5和9對(duì)SF-268、MCF-7、HepG2和A549細(xì)胞株表現(xiàn)出中等的細(xì)胞毒活性,半數(shù)抑制濃度(median inhibition concentration,IC50)范圍為24.83~69.63 μmol/L。

4.2 抗炎活性

采用Griess法[20]測(cè)定化合物1~12對(duì)細(xì)菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)誘導(dǎo)RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞一氧化氮(NO)釋放的影響,從而評(píng)估化合物的抗炎活性,陽(yáng)性對(duì)照為吲哚美辛。結(jié)果(表2)顯示化合物11表現(xiàn)出一定的抗炎活性。

5 討論

本研究從廣藿香內(nèi)生真菌撕裂耙齒菌的固體發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中分離得到2個(gè)新化合物和10個(gè)已知化合物,分離得到的化合物結(jié)構(gòu)類型多樣,其中1和2為吡喃內(nèi)酯類化合物,3~7為10-苯基細(xì)胞松弛素類化合物,8和9為氧雜蒽酮二聚體,10為黃酮類化合物,11為甾體類化合物,12為萜類化合物。

表2 化合物1~12的細(xì)胞毒和抗炎活性()

通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),撕裂耙齒菌(異名撕裂蠟孔菌)的次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物類型主要是倍半萜和三萜類化合物。如Ying等[23]從蛇足石杉內(nèi)生真菌液體發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中分離出11個(gè)新的tremulane型倍半萜類化合物ceriponols A~K和1個(gè)新的單環(huán)tremulane型倍半萜ceriponol P,其中ceriponol B具有新穎的12-去甲腎上腺素骨架。Zhao等[24]從棘冠海星內(nèi)生真菌的液體發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物中分離出3個(gè)新的羊毛脂烷型三萜化合物3β-乙酰氧基-15α-羥基羊毛脂-8,24-二烯-21-酸、1β,3β-二羥基羊毛脂-8,24-二烯-21-酸和15α-羥基-3-氧代羊毛脂-8,24-二烯-21-酸。本研究從菌株A878中分離獲得的化合物類型主要為生物堿和聚酮類化合物,與前人研究結(jié)果有較大的差異,這可能是由于菌株來(lái)源和培養(yǎng)條件不同所導(dǎo)致。本研究結(jié)果豐富了耙齒菌屬的化學(xué)成分,為進(jìn)一步挖掘該類真菌的活性代謝產(chǎn)物奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

利益沖突 所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突

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Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungusA878 from

WANG Nuo-yi1, 2, LIU Hong-xin2, CHEN Yu-chan2, ZHANG Wei-min2, GAO Xiao-xia1

1. School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China

To investigate the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungusA878 from medicinal plant.The fermentation products were separated and purified by silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC and recrystallization. The structures of the compounds were identified by analysis of their1H-,13C-NMR and UV spectra. The biological activities of the compounds were evaluated by SRB and Griess methods.Two new compounds and 10 known compounds were isolated and identified from the solid fermentation products of endophytic fungus A878, their structures were identified as irpexone A (1), irpexone B (2), cytochalasin H (3), cytochalasin J (4), 18-methoxy cytochalasin J (5), deacetylcytochalasin H (6), cytochalasin J3(7), phomoxanthone A (8), dicerandrol A (9), penicillocitrin A (10), (22,24)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (11) and 1,2,4-trihydroxy--menthane (12).Compounds 1 and 2 were new pyranolactones. The bioactivity assay results showed that compounds 4, 5, and 9 demonstrated moderate cytotoxic activity against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 cell lines with IC50values ranging from 24.83 to 69.63 μmol/L. Besides, compound 11 showed weak anti-inflammatory activity.

(Blanco) Benth.; endophytic fungi;(N. Maek., Suhara & R. Kondo) C.C. Chen & Sheng H. Wu; secondary metabolites; bioactivity; irpexone A; irpexone B; cytochalasin J; dicerandrol A

R284.1

A

0253 - 2670(2023)04 - 1017 - 09

10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2023.04.001

2022-11-24

廣東省特支計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019TQ05Y375)

王諾依(1993—),女,碩士,研究方向?yàn)樘烊凰幬锘瘜W(xué)。Tel: 15622311838 E-mail: wnykevin@163.com

高曉霞,教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師。Tel: 13828488103 E-mail: gaoxxia91@163.com

章衛(wèi)民,研究員。Tel: (020)87682785 E-mail: wmzhang@gdim.cn

[責(zé)任編輯 王文倩]

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